scholarly journals Ottoman Legacies of the State: An Introduction

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 795-796
Author(s):  
Jonathan Endelman
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Life ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Vantage Points ◽  
Political Governance ◽  
The Impact

This collection of papers, from very different vantage points, makes the argument that the Ottoman Empire bequeathed significant legacies to the notion and practices of modern political governance in the Middle East. The three essays address the impact Ottoman policies had on territories that had once been part of the empire, focusing most closely on the development of state institutions, nationalism, and the position of the caliphate. By exploring these key issues, the authors hope to call attention to the importance of the Ottoman experience in laying the groundwork for future political life in the region.

OUTSOURCING: ENERGY AND EMPIRE IN THE AGE OF COAL, 1820–1911

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
On Barak
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Steam Engine ◽  
Fossil Energy ◽  
Global Context ◽  
The Impact

AbstractDuring the long 19th century, British coal proliferated throughout the Ottoman Empire in increasing quantity, rapidity, and regularity via junctions and political arrangements that became evermore stable and dominant. The British used coal export to project their power elsewhere, offshoring the Industrial Revolution by building an infrastructure that could support it overseas and connect it to existing facets of the imperial project. Examining this “outsourcing” and the importance of foreign coal markets to industrialization helps provincialize the steam engine and anchor it in a global context. It also allows us to explore the impact of fossil energy on the Middle East and the ways coal both set the stage for the arrival of oil and informed the possibilities for translating carbon power into politics. Coal, the article suggests, animated political participation in England while reinforcing authoritarian tendencies in the Middle East.

scholarly journals Kebebasan Hak Ijtihad Nikah Beda Agama Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 604
Author(s):  
Faiq Tobroni
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
Interfaith Marriage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Interfaith Marriages ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Marriage Laws ◽  
Constitutional Right ◽  
The Impact

This paper has three key issues. The first issue discusses the arguments constructed by applicant of judicial review (JR) to assess the constitutional rights’ violations caused by the application of Article 2 (1) UUP. The second issue discusses on how the Constitutional Court (MK) seated position of state associated marital affairs in the rejection of JR. The third issue discusses model of freedom of ijtihad (legal thought) on interfaith marriage as the impact of MK’s Decision. Based on    the discussion, regarding to the first issue, the applicant of JR assess the application of Article 2 (1) UUP has legitimized the state as the sole interpreters of religious teachings for a requirement validity of the marriage. According to the applicant,  the role is used by the state (The Office for Religious Affairs/KUA) to not accept interfaith marriage. This refusal led to the violation of some other constitutional rights. Furthermore, as the findings of the second issue, MK’s decision has placed   the real position of state not as interpreters of religious teachings, but merely to accommodate the results of religious scholars’s ijtihad regarding marriage into the state law. Thus, it is not true that the state has violated the constitutional right to more intervene the religious life of citizens. Last findings as the third issue, MK’s decision has affected the model of ijtihad freedom on interfaith marriage. Actually interfaith marriage can still be served through the Civil Registry Office (KCS). KCS could be an alternative way to facilitate the interfaith marriages for all religions in Indonesia. Special for KUA, the institution reject to record interfaith marriage.   In this way, it only accommodates freedom of ijtihad within the limits of ijtihad jama’i. KUA just accomodates ijtihad by institutions such as the Majelis Ulama Indonesia, Nahdlatul Ulama, Muhammadiyah and other similar institutions that reject interfaith marriage. Special for marriage in muslim community, ijtihad jama’i is better than ijtihad fardiy because the second could trigger the liberalization of marriage laws (temporary marriages, polygamy more than four, underage marriages and denial of recording).

Leszek Ziątkowski

2001 ◽  
pp. 393-395
Author(s):  
Marcin Wodzinski
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Population ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Doctoral Dissertation ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Everyday Work ◽  
History Of ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Impact

This chapter explores The Jewish Population of Breslau, 1812–1914. This book is a fragment of a doctoral dissertation by Leszek Ziątkowski. Only the part discussing two key issues in the life of the Breslau Jewish community: its demographic development and its socio-topography was published. Despite the book's many strengths, the chapter mostly addresses its many weaknesses. It remarks that the book's title promises much more than we get. In vain one looks for information on important events in the history of Breslau Jews: on the emancipation edict and the impact of the Prussian ‘Jewish’ legislation on the everyday work of the Breslau kehilah; on religious life (including the famous Tiktin–Geiger controversy); on social, economic, and political life; on the role played by the Jewish Theological Seminar, and other key issues. This thus leaves the reader with a sense of dissatisfaction — more so for the fact that there is currently no monograph describing this period in the history of Breslau's Jews.

Returning to the Roots

2021 ◽  
pp. 121-165
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Shams
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
The State ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Political Influences ◽  
Persian Poetry ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Village ◽  
Revolutionary Period ◽  
The Revolution

This chapter explores the enduring symbiosis between the village motif, social justice, and populist politics in Iran during the first three decades after the revolution. At first, it briefly highlights the evolution of the allegorical village in classical and contemporary Persian poetry. The focus will later be shifted towards the representation of the village in revolutionary poetry. We will see that it has remained a recurring motif in Persian poetry of the post-revolutionary period, employed by a variety of writers and state institutions for a range of means. As a symbol, it has been a conduit into which any ideology can be poured; the village allegory can be manipulated to both condemn and support the official politics of the state. The chapter examines the key socio-political influences behind the evolution of rural themes, the work of official poets, and the impact of the village on the cultural doctrine of the Islamic Republic.

1. Introduction to Africa and its politics

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ian Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Political History ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
The Core ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Core Questions ◽  
The Impact

Africa is a continent of over a billion people, yet questions of underdevelopment, malgovernance, and a form of political life based upon patronage are characteristic of many African states. ‘Introduction to Africa and its politics’ explains that the core questions underpinning this VSI centre on how politics is typically practised on the continent; the nature of the state in Africa; and what accounts for Africa’s underdevelopment. This VSI aims to appraise sub-Saharan Africa’s recent political history, examining post-colonial political structures, the impact of colonialism, and the form and nature of post-colonial states. The type of politics practised in many African states continues to be hostile to genuine nation building and broad-based, sustainable development.

Turkey's army reform could turn into power grab

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Constitutional Reforms ◽  
Military Relations ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Turkish Society

Subject The impact of the failed July coup on civilian-military relations. Significance The psychological impacts of the attempted coup across political life cannot be understated; it has far-reaching implications for the political, bureaucratic and even ideological structures of the Turkish Armed Forces (TSK). In the aftermath of the attempted putsch, President Recep Tayyip Erdogan is more determined than ever to alter the civilian-military machinery of government in Turkey radically. Impacts The purge and radical reforms will bring into question the TSK's operational and strategic reliability for Western partners. A permanently weakened TSK would ease the way for constitutional reforms strengthening Erdogan's grip on the state. It will take years to rebuild the confidence and prestige the military has lost among broad swathes of Turkish society. Any criticism of the TSK reforms, domestically or from abroad, will meet the authorities' fierce condemnation.

scholarly journals Trust between the state and business as factor of innovative development of the economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Sotnikov
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Innovation Infrastructure ◽  
Full Compensation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Partnership Models ◽  
The Impact

The article presents the results of a study conducted by the author on the impact of trust between business and the state on the innovative development of the economy. A brief description of the phenomenon under consideration in the Russian Federation is given, and the main problems in the relationships of these entities are shown using specific examples. The crisis of confidence entails significant risks for the business, which in turn leads to a reduction in business activity and the outflow of capital. Overcoming this crisis is not possible with short-term targeted measures, since it is necessary to apply a long-term programmatic approach that combines various measures and mechanisms, as well as the interaction of the parties. The author, including, based on international experience, shows the mechanisms by which it is possible to structure relations between the government and the business community. According to the author, various measures, both general and specific, contribute to the improvement of the investment climate. The author sees the judicial system independent of the state as the main guarantee. Also, the article discusses issues of legislative guarantees of investments, providing for full compensation for damage when changing state policy in relation to specific types of activities; the introduction of public-private partnership models to address socially significant projects that are not of commercial interest to firms in the absence of state support; creation and functioning of entrepreneurial innovation infrastructure for the development of innovative firms through the combined efforts of state authorities and local self-government; improvement of civil society institutions and public discussion of the activities of state institutions and entrepreneurs.

scholarly journals Geospatial Study of Human Development Index of Ukraine in the Light of Regional Indicators

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 197-206
Author(s):  
Andriy Kuzyshyn
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
The State ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Reliability Estimates ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Unambiguous Interpretation

The article reveals the peculiarities in the formation of comfortable life features in the regions of Ukraine based on the analysis of the components and the human development index. In particular, it reveals the essenceof the human development concept as one that enables people to develop their potential, to live productively and creatively in tune with their needs and interests. Its goal is to empower each individual in the chosen environment – country, region or specific locality. Human development involves balancing the formation of human abilities to improve their conditions of life. However, the level of regional human development will depend on the potential of the designated area. Since 2012, Ukraine has updated the method of estimating regional Human Development Index by which we can calculate the regional human development index. It includes 33 indicators grouped into six blocks in accordance with the basic aspects of human development. These are reproduction, social position, comfortable life, well-being, worthy work, and education. These indicators were selected on the basis of suitability for the annual calculation of provision available to the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, reliability estimates at the regional level under the specific issues of human development in Ukraine, unambiguous interpretation of the impact on human development, lack of high correlation between individual performance and adequacy of static and dynamic variation. According to the ratings of Human Development Index in 2012, conducted by the State Statistics Service of Ukraine and the Institute of Demography and Social Studies of M.V. Puhta, regions that constantly show high indicators of human development index are Crimea, Kharkiv, Lviv, Transcarpathian and Poltava regions. The largest group consists of regions with the average index indicator of the human development (most regions of Ukraine). Finally, the third group consists of regions with the lowest human development index (Kirovograd, Donetsk, Sumy regions). The results of calculations of regional Human Development Index can serve as a basis for identifying key issues and priorities of each region.

scholarly journals "Treaty Principles": Constitutional Relations Inside a Conservative Jurisprudence

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
PG McHugh
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Legal System ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Past ◽  
Broad Field ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Court Of Appeal

This article looks at the impact and afterlife of the groundbreaking Maori Council judgments handed down in the late 1980s by the Court of Appeal presided by the late Sir Robin Cooke (as he then was). This article refutes any notion of constitutional relations with Māori being founded on race despite unilateral (and long discarded) legal design tending towards that characterisation. The true pattern has been iwi-based and it has arisen from the continuity of whakapapa in the organization of Maori political life and relations with the state notwithstanding meddlesome but ultimately ineffectual legislative attempts to dilute tribalism. Over the past twenty plus years, the Treaty claims processes initiated in 1985 have accentuated and revitalised that tribalism. Far from licensing judicial interventionism "Treaty principles" are part of an embedded and conservative jurisprudence of Māori affairs. Their elimination from legislation would amputate a major segment of that jurisprudence. The courts, whose profile in this broad field (Treaty claims processes most notably) is mostly a resiling one, would respond by generating their own version. The legacy of Sir Robin Cooke’s court is deep-rooted and thoroughly integrated into the New Zealand legal system.

scholarly journals Domestic Dynamics of Political Islam in the Greater Middle East

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Rudman ◽  
Kevin Schoonover ◽  
Arthur Neron-Bancel ◽  
Israel Barriga
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Middle East ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Islam ◽  
The State ◽  
Western World ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Force ◽  
Political Background ◽  
The Impact

These four nations showcase the state of Islamism as a political force in the Middle East. Because of differing political circumstances in each state, the impact and viability of following Muslim law varies. In order to best explain why this is so, we will explore the political background of each nation, as well as discuss the current political climates of the countries in question. Finally, we will postulate as to what type of impact the ascension of an Islamic government will have on relations with the Western world, whether it be European nations, as is the case with Turkey, or the United States, as with Kuwait, Jordan and Egypt. The implications of this possibility are enormous; therefore, we feel that the importance of understanding the region cannot be overstated.

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