Reexamining the Nineteenth-Century Presidency and Partisan Press: The Case of President Grant and the Whiskey Ring Scandal

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-133
Author(s):  
Jennifer Rose Hopper
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Media History ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
White House ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
Presidential Studies ◽  
Time Lead ◽  
Made In

Studies of the institutional development of the presidency and popular leadership by presidents over time lead us to contrary expectations as to how a nineteenth-century president would react to a major political scandal. Scholarship on newspapers of the late 1800s is also unclear on how a quasipartisan media, with some outlets moving toward independence, would cover a White House scandal. I find that a close analysis of the case of President Ulysses S. Grant and the Whiskey Ring scandal forces us to reconsider what we assume to be firmly modern developments in both presidential studies and media history. Though a supposedly “premodern” president, Grant still mounted a concerted effort to mitigate the damage of the scandal. Further, although the president could get his version of events across in prominent newspapers, Republican newspaper coverage was hardly reliable. Newspapers also connected politicians’ character and psychology to mistakes made in office and made presidential strategies to shape public perception clear to their audiences—emphases on political gamesmanship considered hallmarks of the modern media environment.

Epilogue

2019 ◽  
pp. 264-270
Author(s):  
Nancy E. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Asian Immigrants ◽  
Chinese Exclusion ◽  
Global Commerce ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Made In China ◽  
Exclusion Act ◽  
Made In

The author uses the theory of parsimony to explain Afong Moy’s final years. The epilogue relays the changes occurring in the later nineteenth-century marketing, public perception, and use of “oriental” goods with the opening of Japan in 1854. The author considers the lives of other Asian immigrants such as Chang and Eng Bunker (called the Siamese Twins) and several known Chinese women who came after Afong Moy. The epilogue addresses the position of the Chinese immigrant in the nineteenth century with the passage of the 1884 Chinese Exclusion Act. A comparison of the “Made in China” goods of the late twentieth and twenty-first centuries with those of the earlier trade provides an understanding of China’s place in the golden chain of global commerce.

Transmission of Renaissance herbal images to China: the Beitang copy of Mattioli’s commentaries on Dioscorides and its annotations

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-253
Author(s):  
Wu Huiyi ◽  
Zheng Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Natural History ◽  
National Library ◽  
Materia Medica ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
Northern Chinese ◽  
Jesuit Missionaries ◽  
Animal Names ◽  
National Library Of China ◽  
Made In

The Beitang Collection, heritage of a seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Jesuit library in Beijing now housed in the National Library of China, contains an incomplete copy of Pietro Andrea Mattioli’s commentary on an Italian edition of Pedanius Dioscorides's De materia medica (1568) bearing extensive annotations in Chinese. Two hundred odd plant and animal names in a northern Chinese patois were recorded alongside illustrations, creating a rare record of seventeenth-century Chinese folk knowledge and of Sino-Western interaction in the field of natural history. Based on close analysis of the annotations and other contemporary sources, we argue that the annotations were probably made in Beijing by one or more Chinese low-level literati and Jesuit missionaries during the first two decades of the seventeenth century. We also conclude that the annotations were most likely directed at a Chinese audience, to whom the Jesuits intended to illustrate European craftsmanship using Mattioli’s images. This document probably constitutes the earliest known evidence of Jesuits' attempts at transmitting the art of European natural history drawings to China.

Police Records

2019 ◽  
pp. 797-819
Author(s):  
Cristina Vatulescu
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Detective Fiction ◽  
Media History ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Police Records ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter approaches police records as a genre that gains from being considered in its relationships with other genres of writing. In particular, we will follow its long-standing relationship to detective fiction, the novel, and biography. Going further, the chapter emphasizes the intermedia character of police records not just in our time but also throughout their existence, indeed from their very origins. This approach opens to a more inclusive media history of police files. We will start with an analysis of the seminal late nineteenth-century French manuals prescribing the writing of a police file, the famous Bertillon-method manuals. We will then track their influence following their adoption nationally and internationally, with particular attention to the politics of their adoption in the colonies. We will also touch briefly on the relationship of early policing to other disciplines, such as anthropology and statistics, before moving to a closer look at its intersections with photography and literature.

HOW TO FEED THE INFANT WHEN BREAST MILK WAS NOT AVAILABLE, ACCORDING TO SIR ARTHUR CLARKE, M.D., WRITING IN 1828

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-589
Author(s):  
T. E. C.
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Soft Water ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Boiling Water ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Practical Guide ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Made In

One of the best known books written for mothers in the early part of the nineteenth century was Sir Arthur Clark's: The Young Mother's Assistant; or a Practical Guide for the Prevention and Treatment of the Diseases of Infants and Children. If breast milk should not be available, Sir Arthur recommended the following: Should an infant, from accidental or other circumstances, be deprived of its food from the breast of its mother or nurse, an artificial substitute for it must be supplied; and it is evident that in this case the closer we can imitate nature the better. For this purpose a suckling bottle should be procured, the mouth of which should be as wide as that of an eight-ounce viol, [sic] which is to be stopped with sponge, covered with gauze, and made in size and shape to resemble a nipple. The following preparation is most suitable for an infant, as it comes nearest in quality to the mother's milk, and may be sucked through the sponge. On a small quantity of a crum [sic] of bread pour some boiling water; after soaking for about ten minutes, press it, and throw the water away, (this process purifies the bread from alum or any other saline substance which it may have contained); then boil it in as much soft water as will dissolve the bread and make a decoction of the consistence of barley water: to a sufficient quantity of this decoction, about a fifth part of fresh cow's milk is to be added, and sweetened with the best soft sugar.

Literature by Other Mediums: Revisiting Lu Xun's Preface to Outcry

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-398
Author(s):  
Chenshu Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Literature ◽  
Media History ◽  
Modern Chinese Literature ◽  
Lu Xun ◽  
Vernacular Literature ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
Transnational Media ◽  
Lantern Slide ◽  
Literary Figure ◽  
Media Practices

Abstract By recounting how Lu Xun 鲁迅 went from studying medicine in Japan to writing for the magazine Xin qingnian 新青年 (New Youth), the preface to Nahan 呐喊 (Outcry, 1923), Lu Xun's first collection of short stories, not only presents an origin story of an important author but also contains important clues for understanding modern Chinese literature. This article offers a new reading of that canonical text by focusing on the problem of medium. Synthesizing author biography, media history, and textual analysis, it examines three intermedial references in the preface—the famous lantern slide, the modern periodical, and the recurring notion of outcry. As an autobiographical account, the preface contains narrated events that call for more media-centered analysis, including the “slide incident” (renamed “screen incident”) and Lu Xun's failed experiment with the periodical medium. Reading the preface as an act of narration, this article scrutinizes textual choices such as the confusing word dianying 电影 (film) and the outcry metaphor. The emergence of both modern vernacular literature and Lu Xun as a major literary figure, it is argued, should be historicized in a broader transnational media environment, in which diverse media practices intersected.

A President Involved

2018 ◽  
pp. 229-234
Author(s):  
Roger R. Tamte
Keyword(s):  
Public Perception ◽  
The Other ◽  
American Football ◽  
Theodore Roosevelt ◽  
White House

In response to a public perception of brutality and dishonest play in American football, President Theodore Roosevelt is persuaded to intervene, and he invites coaches and graduate leaders from the Big Three of Harvard, Princeton, and Yale (including Camp) to meet with him at the White House on October 9, 1905. After the meeting, Camp and the other two graduate leaders draft a pledge at Roosevelt’s request, promising responsive action by their schools. Violations of the pledge occur quickly in the 1905 Harvard-Pennsylvania and Harvard-Yale games, and Roosevelt requests visits from a representative of Pennsylvania and separately from Harvard. President Eliot writes Roosevelt, criticizing the Harvard-Yale game umpire, Navy professor Paul Dashiell, whereupon Roosevelt writes Dashiell and criticizes him; Dashiell replies with a strong defense that persuades Roosevelt. Roosevelt continues to correspond with Camp in a complimentary manner.

The Key Ingredients of Presidential Foodways

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Miller
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Racial Attitudes ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
First Lady ◽  
White House ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Third ◽  
The People ◽  
The U.S

This chapter itemizes and elaborates on four different component parts (described in the book as "ingredients") that make-up presidential foodways. The first ingredient relates to the president: his or her palate, food philosophy, schedule, wealth and prerogative. The second ingredient involves the people who surround the president: the First Lady, the president's physician, and those who procure food for the White House. The third ingredient is White House culture: the workspace, kitchen equipment and technology, co-workers, perks, presidential pets, wildlife in and outside of the White House and racial attitudes. The fourth ingredient is the unexpected influences: the U.S. Congress, public perception, food gifts from the public, and the climate in Washington, D.C. The chapter includes recipes for roast ducks, popovers (a quick bread), and sweet potato cheesecake.

Excavations in Ithaca, 1930–35;

1940 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Heurtley
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Precise Nature ◽  
Great Speed ◽  
Made In

Apart from the rather summary excavation on the summit of Aetós by Gell at the beginning of the nineteenth century, and the opening of some tombs above Pisaetó by Guitara in 1811–14, excavations have been made in Ithaca on three occasions previously to Lord Rennell's expedition.In the course of two visits, one in 1868 and the other in 1878, Schliemann dug trial trenches in the plain at Pólis, at the ‘School of Homer’, at Aetós (both on the saddle and on the summit), at the cave of Dexiá, and at Marathiá. The work was carried out at great speed, and it is not always easy to make out from his description the precise nature of the objects found; nor is it known what has become of them. It is clear, however, that nothing Mycenaean was found.

1870s Agrarian Activism in Southern Illinois: Mediator between Two Eras

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Adams
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Specific Class ◽  
Southern Illinois ◽  
Local Society ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Economic Relationships ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
Union County ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Political Economic

During the latter part of the nineteenth century, farmers in extreme southern Illinois, along with farmers throughout the state and region, organized politically and economically. The first big upsurge of organization was in 1873 with the organization of farmers’ clubs and granges of the Patrons of Husbandry. In Union County, Illinois, all sectors of the local society appear to have been swept up in the tide of discontent, although a close analysis of those active in the movement and the associations that succeeded it indicates that the movement gave voice and organized expression to a specific class. To use McNall’s (1988) analysis of the later populist movement, the agrarian movement of the mid-1870s was an incipient “class movement,” although it failed to articulate a program that effectively welded farmers into a unit that could contend for political power, even as it provided a vehicle for elite farmers to transform preexisting economic relationships. “A class movement,” McNall (ibid.: 5) writes, “is one in which the participants are involved in a struggle over the very definition of their political, economic, and ideological interests. All class movements have at their core an economic dimension and, like class relationships, are about relationships of power.” The organizations formed in the populist era, he argues, were attempts by farmers to create a “class in and for itself” (ibid.: 12).

scholarly journals Contesting the Zenana: The Mission to Make “Lady Doctors for India,” 1874–1885

1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoinette Burton
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
London School ◽  
Indian Women ◽  
Imperial Culture ◽  
Women's Medicine ◽  
English Novel ◽  
Scholarly Production

Recent work in British studies suggests that the project of historicizing the institutions and cultural practices of British imperialism is crucial to understanding metropolitan society in the nineteenth century. Monographs by Catherine Hall, Thomas C. Holt, and Jenny Sharpe, together with the impressive nineteen-volume series on Studies in Imperial Culture, edited by John Mackenzie—to name just a few examples of scholarly production in this field—have effectively relocated the operations of imperial culture at the heart of the empire itself. By scrutinizing arenas as diverse as the English novel, governmental policy making at the highest levels, and the ephemera of consumer culture, scholars of the Victorian period are in the process of giving historical weight and evidentiary depth to Edward Said's claim that “we are at a point in our work when we can no longer ignore empires and the imperial context in our studies.”The origins of the London School of Medicine for Women (LSMW), its concern for Indian women in the zenana (sex-segregated spaces), and the embeddedness of its institutional development in Victorian imperial mentalities is one discrete example of how ostensibly “domestic” institutions were bound up with the empire and its projects in nineteenth-century Britain. As this essay will demonstrate, the conviction that Indian women were trapped in the “sunless, airless,” and allegedly unhygienic Oriental zenana motivated the institutionalization of women's medicine and was crucial to the professionalization of women doctors in Victorian Britain. One need only scratch the surface of the archive of British women's entry into the medical profession to find traces of the colonial concerns that motivated some of its leading lights.

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