From Reconstruction to Reform: Modernization and the Interest Group State, 1875–1900

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 705-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Chamberlain ◽  
Alixandra B. Yanus ◽  
Nicholas Pyeatt
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Interest Group ◽  
Voluntary Associations ◽  
Group Formation ◽  
State Level ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
National Organizations ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Scholarly Attention

The rise of voluntary associations in the late nineteenth century has received significant scholarly attention over the last few decades. Some studies argue that modernization facilitates group formation, but other analyses (e.g., Crowley and Skocpol 2001; Gamm and Putnam 1999) find little support for the argument that modernization caused group formation. Here, we extend this debate to the study of the strength of state-level, voluntary associations with clear political objectives. Using state-level dues paid to national organizations as a measure of group strength, we find evidence that more modernized states typically had the strongest state-level organizations in the 1880s and 1890s. These empirical findings lend support to the modernization thesis but also suggest that group formation and strength may be explained by different processes.

Crime and Punishment

2019 ◽  
pp. 551-590
Author(s):  
Lawrence M. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Common Law ◽  
State Level ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Crime And Punishment ◽  
Penal Codes ◽  
The Common ◽  
Late Nineteenth

This chapter discusses the development of criminal law in the second half of the nineteenth century, covering the statute law of crimes, crime rates, insanity, punishment and correction, and victimless crimes. The formal criminal law in the late nineteenth century was by and large a matter of statute. The concept of the common-law crime had been wiped out in federal law. The concept also decayed on the state level. As of 1900, some states still technically recognized the possibility of a common-law crime. Other states, by statute, had specifically abolished the concept. Only acts listed in the penal code were crimes, and nothing else. In some states, the courts construed their penal codes as (silently) abolishing common-law crime. Where the concept survived, it was hardly ever used; the penal codes were as a practical matter complete and exclusive—the total catalog of crime.

Ethnicity as a Hindrance for Understanding Ethiopian History: An Argument Against an Ethnic Late Nineteenth Century

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 101-131
Author(s):  
Brian J. Yates
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Ethnic Identities ◽  
Cultural Identities ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Ethnic Federalism ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Scholarly Attention

Abstract:Despite its present ethnic federalism, Ethiopian history has been marked by provincial or cultural identities, which twentieth century notions of identity have obscured. This essay gives three major reasons why ethnicity is not an effective lens to understand Ethiopia’s complex history. One, there is no agreement among either popular and academic writers on what ethnic identities in Ethiopia represents, either currently or historically. Two, a focus on ethnicity obscures the rationale behind the actions of the state and key actors during the nineteenth century. Three, an ethnic lens brings much needed scholarly attention away from key moments in the nineteenth century.

scholarly journals A TALE OF TWO CHURCHES: ‘PROTESTANT’ ARCHITECTURE AND THE POLITICS OF RELIGION IN LATE NINETEENTH-CENTURY ROME

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 259-296
Author(s):  
G.A. Bremner
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Alternative Possibilities ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Politics Of Religion ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Archival Documentation ◽  
The City ◽  
Scholarly Attention

The two Anglican churches in Rome by the distinguished nineteenth-century English architect George Edmund Street — St Paul's Within-the-Walls (1872–6), Via Nazionale, and All Saints’ (1880–7), Via del Babuino — are notable examples of High Victorian design. Yet little scholarly attention has been afforded either church, especially All Saints’. This article considers both these buildings not so much as works of architecture but as markers of cultural intent in an environment (and age) fraught with political and religious tension and conflict. It seeks to understand them in the difficult and often fluid context of Risorgimento Italy out of which they emerged, including the city of Rome immediately following its capture by Italian national forces on 20 September 1870. The aim is to establish an interpretation of the two buildings that pays due attention to their political and religious agency. In so doing this article considers closely how architecture was understood as a mediating force in the struggle over politics and identity in the late nineteenth century. In taking a fresh look at the extant archival documentation, alternative possibilities are offered (and revealed) as to how we might further decode the significance of these beguiling if still largely misunderstood works of architecture.

King John and the Historians

1961 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Warren Hollister
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Untimely Death ◽  
Personal Morality ◽  
The Common ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Distinguished Scholar ◽  
Scholarly Attention ◽  
King John

King John Lackland was surely one of the most enigmatic figures ever to rule England. The dramatic ambivalence of his personality, the passions that he stirred among his own contemporaries, the very magnitude of his failures, have made him an object of endless fascination to historians and biographers. Whose interests would not be piqued by the man who was recently described by a distinguished scholar as “cruel and ruthless, violent and passionate, greedy and self-indulgent, genial and repellant, arbitrary and judicious, clever and capable, original and inquisitive”?As one might expect, King John has received a great deal of scholarly attention. Nearly every historian who touches on any aspect of his reign feels compelled to offer his own judgment of John's puzzling character, his effectiveness, even his personal morality. The present century has seen, in addition to numerous specialized studies of various facets of John's reign, no less than three major biographies of that indefatigable but luckless king. The first of these, by Miss Kate Norgate, was published in 1902 and reflects the traditional viewpoint of the late nineteenth century. The second, Sidney Painter's work of 1949, stresses the monarch's relations with his baronial and administrative subordinates and presents a more genial and sophisticated interpretation of John himself. Hopes for a promised companion volume dealing with military and naval institutions and the development of the common law under John have been shattered by Painter's untimely death.

A Critical Review of Estimates of Net Income from Agriculture for 1880 and 1900: New Hampshire, a Case Study

1977 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 634-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Glenn Munyon
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
State Level ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Nineteenth Century America ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
Late Nineteenth

During the past twenty-five years American economic historians have made substantial progress in improving the quantitative measures of the nation's economic performance in the nineteenth century. Using New Hampshire as a case study, this paper attempts to build on this earlier research in the area of late-nineteenth-century American agriculture; the primary focus is on Richard Easterlin's estimates of state and regional income. The research reported here suggests that Easterlin's estimates need to be revised on the basis of state-level analysis and that in their present form his figures may lead to erroneous conclusions about the regional distribution of service income in late-nineteenth-century America.

Contents of Western Sociology of Religion as a Science and Educational Discipline

2002 ◽  
pp. 106-110
Author(s):  
Liudmyla O. Fylypovych
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
International Society ◽  
Sociology Of Religion ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
The West ◽  
Late Nineteenth

Sociology of religion in the West is a field of knowledge with at least 100 years of history. As a science and as a discipline, the sociology of religion has been developing in most Western universities since the late nineteenth century, having established traditions, forming well-known schools, areas related to the names of famous scholars. The total number of researchers of religion abroad has never been counted, but there are more than a thousand different centers, universities, colleges where religion is taught and studied. If we assume that each of them has an average of 10 religious scholars, theologians, then the army of scholars of religion is amazing. Most of them are united in representative associations of researchers of religion, which have a clear sociological color. Among them are the most famous International Society for the Sociology of Religion (ISSR) and the Society for Scientific Study of Religion (SSSR).

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