Does Social Content Influence the Subjective Evaluation of Affective Pictures?

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Kosonogov ◽  
José M. Martínez-Selva ◽  
Ginesa Torrente ◽  
Eduvigis Carrillo-Verdejo ◽  
Juan Sánchez-Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Pairwise Comparisons ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Affective Valence ◽  
Social Content ◽  
The Social ◽  
Valence And Arousal

Abstract This study explored the effect of the perceived social content of affective pictures on the subjective evaluation of affective valence and arousal. For this purpose, we established three categories of social content (pictures without people, with one person and with two or more people). A sample of 161 subjects rated 200 pictures varying in affective valence (unpleasant, neutral, and pleasant), arousal and social content. Results of two-factor analysis of variance, F(4, 157) = 71.7, p < .001, η p 2 = .31, showed that perceived social content influenced the ratings of affective valence, specially for unpleasant pictures, with the greatest social content (two or more people) leading subjects to rate unpleasant pictures with the lowest ratings (all pairwise comparisons’ p < .001). Regarding arousal, F(4, 157) = 64.0, p < .001, η p 2 = .29), the higher the social content, the higher the arousal ratings, but only for pleasant (all pairwise comparisons’ p < .007) and unpleasant (all pairwise comparisons’ p < .001) pictures. Overall, this study demonstrated an effect of the perceived social content on the subjective evaluation of affective valence and arousal of emotional stimuli.

scholarly journals The effects of the order of picture presentation on the subjective emotional evaluation of pictures

Psicologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-178
Author(s):  
Vladimir Kosonogov
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Presentation Order ◽  
Neutral Picture ◽  
Affective Valence ◽  
Sequential Effects ◽  
Emotional Evaluation ◽  
Picture Presentation ◽  
Valence And Arousal ◽  
Order Of Presentation

In the last twenty years, a great number of studies on subjective emotional evaluation of affective pictures have been published. However, it is well-known that the order of presentation may entail sequential effects, which is the perception of a previous stimulus that may influence the next stimulus's perception. Our study examines whether the order of picture presentation influences the subjective evaluation of their affective valence and arousal. The results showed some influence of the order of presentation on affective valence: unpleasant pictures at the end were less unpleasant than unpleasant pictures at the beginning, and the neutral picture, when presented after unpleasant pictures, was more pleasant than when presented after pleasant pictures. No effect of presentation order on arousal was found. These findings suggest that several picture presentation orders should be used in future experiments on emotions to avoid possible effects of the order on affective valence.

scholarly journals The paradox of age: an analysis of responses by aging Brazilians to International Affective Picture System (IAPS)

2010 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weyler Galvão Pôrto ◽  
Paulo Henrique Ferreira Bertolucci ◽  
Orlando Francisco Amodeo Bueno
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
International Affective Picture System ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Affective Valence ◽  
Subjective Analysis ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Valence And Arousal

OBJECTIVE: To explore the possible differences in subjective analysis of the emotional stimuli from the International Affective Picture System between elderly and young samples. METHOD: 187 elderly subjects ranked the International Affective Picture System images according to the directions from the Manual of Affective Ratings. Their scores were compared to those obtained from International Affective Picture System studies with young people. RESULT: There is an age-related difference in arousal and valence in the International Affective Picture System rating. The correlation between affective valence and arousal is strong, and negative for the elderly. The expected versus the observed frequency of International Affective Picture System images between elderly and young samples show a statistical difference. CONCLUSION: This study shows an inter-age statistical dichotomy in how elderly and young people subjectively evaluate International Affective Picture System images.

scholarly journals The Complex Affective Scene Set (COMPASS): Solving the Social Content Problem in Affective Visual Stimulus Sets

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariann R. Weierich ◽  
Olena Kleshchova ◽  
Jenna K. Rieder ◽  
Danielle M. Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Visual Stimulus ◽  
Real World ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Social Content ◽  
The Social ◽  
Valence And Arousal ◽  
Normative Ratings

Social information, including faces and human bodies, holds special status in visual perception generally, and in visual processing of complex arrays such as real-world scenes specifically. To date, unbalanced representation of social compared with nonsocial information in affective stimulus sets has limited the clear determination of effects as attributable to, or independent of, social content. We present the Complex Affective Scene Set (COMPASS), a set of 150 social and 150 nonsocial naturalistic affective scenes that are balanced across valence and arousal dimensions. Participants (n = 847) rated valence and arousal for each scene. The normative ratings for the 300 images together, and separately by social content, show the canonical boomerang shape that confirms coverage of much of the affective circumplex. COMPASS adds uniquely to existing visual stimulus sets by balancing social content across affect dimensions, thereby eliminating a potentially major confound across affect categories (i.e., combinations of valence and arousal). The robust special status of social information persisted even after balancing of affect categories and was observed in slower rating response times for social versus nonsocial stimuli. The COMPASS images also match the complexity of real-world environments by incorporating stimulus competition within each scene. Together, these attributes facilitate the use of the stimulus set in particular for disambiguating the effects of affect and social content for a range of research questions and populations.

Emotions Under the Skin

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catarina Silva ◽  
Ana Cláudia Ferreira ◽  
Isabel Soares ◽  
Francisco Esteves
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Style ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Physiological Reactivity ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Skin Conductance Responses ◽  
Lower Accuracy ◽  
Emotional Pictures ◽  
Valence And Arousal

Abstract. The present study examined physiological reactivity to emotional stimuli as a function of attachment style. Skin conductance responses (SCRs) and heart rate (HR) changes were simultaneously recorded while participants engaged in a visual attentional task. The task included positive, neutral, and negative emotional pictures, and required the identification of a target (neutral picture rotated 90° to the left or right), among a stream of pictures in which an emotional distracter (positive or negative) was presented. Participants additionally rated each of the emotional distracters for valence and arousal. Behavioral results on the attentional task showed that positive pictures facilitated overall target detection for all participants, compared to negative and neutral pictures, and that anxiously attached participants had significantly lower accuracy scores, relative to the other groups. Affective ratings indicated that positive pictures were rated as being more pleasant than negative ones, although no differences were found in HR changes to picture valence. In contrast, negative pictures were evaluated as being highly arousing. Consistent with this, negative pictures elicited larger SCRs in both insecure anxious and avoidant groups, especially for the anxious while the secure group showed SCRs unaffected by stimuli’s arousal. Present results show that individuals with different attachment styles reveal distinct patterns of attentional bias, appraisal, and physiological reactivity toward emotionally arousing stimuli. These findings further highlight the regulatory function of the attachment system.

Pharmacologically Increasing Sleep Spindles Enhances Recognition for Negative and High-arousal Memories

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1597-1610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik J. Kaestner ◽  
John T. Wixted ◽  
Sara C. Mednick
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Emotional Memory ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Sleep Spindles ◽  
Sleep Spindle ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Valence And Arousal

Sleep affects declarative memory for emotional stimuli differently than it affects declarative memory for nonemotional stimuli. However, the interaction between specific sleep characteristics and emotional memory is not well understood. Recent studies on how sleep affects emotional memory have focused on rapid eye movement sleep (REM) but have not addressed non-REM sleep, particularly sleep spindles. This is despite the fact that sleep spindles are implicated in declarative memory as well as neural models of memory consolidation (e.g., hippocampal neural replay). Additionally, many studies examine a limited range of emotional stimuli and fail to disentangle differences in memory performance because of variance in valence and arousal. Here, we experimentally increase non-REM sleep features, sleep spindle density, and SWS, with pharmacological interventions using zolpidem (Ambien) and sodium oxybate (Xyrem) during daytime naps. We use a full spread of emotional stimuli to test all levels of valence and arousal. We find that increasing sleep spindle density increases memory discrimination (da) for highly arousing and negative stimuli without altering measures of bias (ca). These results indicate a broader role for sleep in the processing of emotional stimuli with differing effects based on arousal and valence, and they raise the possibility that sleep spindles causally facilitate emotional memory consolidation. These findings are discussed in terms of the known use of hypnotics in individuals with emotional mood disorders.

Study on Subjective Evaluation of Comfort of Lighting Environment in Nursing Institutions

2016 ◽  
Vol 858 ◽  
pp. 262-266
Author(s):  
Yuan Yuan Zhou ◽  
Wang Da Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Environment Quality ◽  
Switch Control ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
Lighting Environment ◽  
Main Factors

This paper investigated and determined the subjective evaluation indicators of comfort in lighting environment for elderly in nursing institutions. Factor analysis method was utilized and the result showed that the recognition of space and figures, sense of security from even illumination, convenience of switch control and no glare were the main factors. The conclusion of the study was not only used to evaluate the lighting environment quality, but also used to guide the design of lighting environment in nursing institutions.

Factor Analysis of Students’ Exposure to Social Media for Food and Beverage

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Noora Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Rotation Method ◽  
The Social ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Strongly Agree ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Food and beverage marketing on social media is a powerful factor to influence students’ exposure to social media and application for food and beverage. It is a well-known fact that most of the food and beverage business target young people on the social media. The objective of the study is to identify the factors associated to the students’ exposure in the social media platforms for food and beverage. The young students between the ages 20 to 26 years completed a self-administered questionnaire survey on their media use for food and beverages. The questionnaire was prepared using Likert scale with five options from strongly agree to strongly disagree. The data set was described with descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation. The exploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation method was used to extract the factors. The most popular social media among the respondents were Facebook, Instagram, and You Tube. 73.3% of the students were exposed to food and beverage application in their mobile device and 76% of them followed the popular food and beverage pages in social media. The result revealed that social media posts, promotional offer, and hygienic concept have positively influenced majority of the students’ exposure to social media for food and beverage. Keywords: Factor analysis, Social Media, Food and Beverage, Student, Promotional Offer.

Social and Psychological Effects of Major Craniofacial Deformity

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 578-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Pruzinsky
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Family Factors ◽  
Facial Deformity ◽  
Social Stressors ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

This paper discusses the social and psychological experiences of patients with the most severe forms of craniofacial deformity. The paper concludes that individuals with the most severe forms of craniofacial deformities are at risk for experiencing social and psychological stress and for having their quality of life negatively impacted by the experience of having a facial deformity. Much of the stress experienced by these individuals is the result of the negative social response to their facial deformity. It is emphasized that many patients will not develop psychopathology, because of intervening personality and family factors that may ameliorate these negative social stressors. The excellent progress made in assessing, preventing, and treating the negative psychosocial impact of facial deformity is noted. Finally, in attempting to understand the impact of facial deformity on quality of life, emphasis is placed on the subjective evaluation of these factors by each individual patient and family.

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