Validation of a Questionnaire for Personality Profiling using Cognitive Diagnostic Modeling

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Revuelta ◽  
Lucia Halty ◽  
Carmen Ximénez
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Inhibition ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Behavioral Activation ◽  
Anger Expression ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Personality Profiles ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Callous Unemotional ◽  
Cognitive Diagnostic Modeling ◽  
Diagnostic Modeling

AbstractThis article describes the development of the ENCUIST (Extroversion, Neuroticism, Callous-Unemotional, Instability, Short-Test) questionnaire, which has been created to provide a personality profiling method based on a cognitive diagnostic modeling framework. The ENCUIST measures the attributes of extroversion, neuroticism, callous unemotionality and overt expressions of anger that are relevant in a forensic context. The scores provided by the ENCUIST are binary classifications of the individuals (high/low) in these attributes. The ENCUIST was developed using a sample of 516 subjects to study its validation through psychometric procedures, including factor analysis, cognitive diagnostic modeling and structural equation modeling. The results supported a four-factor structure. Linear regressions were used to evaluate the predictive validity of the scores provided by ENCUIST with respect to two external criteria that are relevant in the forensic context, namely behavioral activation and behavioral inhibition. The results showed that the extroversion dimension is positively related to behavioral activation, although the effect size is modest and the proportion of explained variance is only 11%. Moreover, the dimensions of neuroticism and anger expression are positively related to behavioral inhibition, with 7% of the variance explained. Together, these results suggest that cognitive diagnostic models are useful tools for the elaboration of personality profiles based on classifying subjects along binary attributes.

scholarly journals Respiratory sinus arrhythmia and heart period in infancy as correlates of later oppositional defiant and callous-unemotional behaviors

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Wagner ◽  
Roger Mills-Koonce ◽  
Michael Willoughby ◽  
Cathi Propper ◽  
Peter Rehder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Heart Period ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Callous Unemotional ◽  
Oppositional Defiant

Extant literature suggests that oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and callous-unemotional (CU) behaviors in childhood and adolescence are associated with distinct patterns of psychophysiological functioning, and that individual differences in these patterns have implications for developmental pathways to disorder. Very little is known about the associations between psychophysiological functioning in infancy and later ODD and CU behaviors. This study examined associations between basal autonomic nervous system (ANS) functioning in infancy and ODD and CU behaviors in later childhood. Using longitudinal heart period (HP) and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) data from the Durham Child Health and Development Study ( N = 206), the current study tested associations within a structural equation modeling framework, between continuous measures of HP and RSA across the first 2 years of life, and later ODD and CU behaviors at first grade. Results indicate that ODD and CU behaviors in childhood are associated with lower baseline RSA, but not HP, across infancy. The implications of these findings for developmental models of ODD and CU behaviors are discussed.

scholarly journals Person perception across group boundaries: a dynamic model of perception across race and gender lines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Yan-Jun Xie
Keyword(s):  
Face Perception ◽  
Impression Formation ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Person Perception ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Trait Impressions

People form impressions of others from their faces, inferring character traits (e.g., friendly) along two broad, influential dimensions: Warmth and Competence. Although these two dimensions are presumed to be independent, research has yet to examine the generalizability of this model to cross-group impressions, despite extant evidence that Warmth and Competence are not independent for outgroup targets. This thesis explores this possibility by testing models of person perception for own-group and other-group perceptions, implementing confirmatory factor analysis in a structural equation modeling framework, and analyzing the underlying trait space using representational similarity analysis. I fit 402,473 ratings of 873 unique faces from 5,040 participants on 14 trait impressions to own-group and other-group models, exploring whether perceptions across race and gender are more unidimensional. Results indicate that current models of face perception fit poorly and are not universal as presumed: the space of trait impressions varies depending on targets’ race and gender. Keywords: person perception, impression formation, face perception, intergroup processes, social cognition

Tabloid news, anti-immigration attitudes, and support for right-wing populist parties

2019 ◽  
pp. 205704731988412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor Diehl ◽  
Ramona Vonbun-Feldbauer ◽  
Matthew Barnidge
Keyword(s):  
Political Communication ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
News Media ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Immigration Attitudes

This study examines the role of individuals’ media diets in contributing to the growing support for right-wing populist parties. Drawing on social identity theory and the notion of populism as political communication, this study argues that socio-economic status and tabloid news use explain support for right-wing candidates through heightened out-group hostility. Using survey data from the Austrian National Election Study ( N = 1161), we present a process model in the structural equation modeling framework, and we compare the direct and indirect effects of attention to tabloid versus broadsheet news on the probability to vote for the Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs. Results show that the link between social status and support for right-wing populism is mediated by attention to tabloid news and anti-immigration attitudes. Implications for democratic norms are discussed in light of the overlap between news media and politicians in their use of populist narratives.

Sex, Race, and Place

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-537
Author(s):  
Lyndsay N. Boggess ◽  
Ráchael A. Powers ◽  
Alyssa W. Chamberlain
Keyword(s):  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Neighborhood Structure ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Objectives: We draw upon theories of social disorganization, strain, and subculture of violence to examine how sex and race/ethnicity intersect to inform nonlethal violent offending at the macrolevel. Methods: Using neighborhood-level incidents, we examine (1) the structural correlates of male and female nonlethal violence and (2) whether ecological conditions have variable impacts on the prevalence of White, Black, and Latino male and female offenses above and beyond differential exposure to disadvantage. We use multivariate negative binomial regression within a structural equation modeling framework which allows for the examination of the same set of indicator variables on more than one dependent variable simultaneously while accounting for covariance between the dependent variables. Results: We find few significant differences in the salience of disadvantage on female and male violence across race and ethnicity although some differences emerge for White men and women. Structural factors are largely sex invariant within race and ethnicity. Conclusions: Despite expectations that disadvantage would have differential effects across sex and race/ethnicity, we uncover only minor differences. This suggests that structural effects are more invariant than variant across subgroups and highlights the importance of investigating both similarities and differences when examining neighborhood structure, intersectionality, and criminal behavior.

scholarly journals Synthetic data generation with probabilistic Bayesian Networks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grigoriy Gogoshin ◽  
Sergio Branciamore ◽  
Andrei S. Rodin
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Synthetic Data ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Data Generation ◽  
Computational Systems Biology ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Probabilistic Networks ◽  
Benchmark Datasets

AbstractBayesian Network (BN) modeling is a prominent and increasingly popular computational systems biology method. It aims to construct probabilistic networks from the large heterogeneous biological datasets that reflect the underlying networks of biological relationships. Currently, a variety of strategies exist for evaluating BN methodology performance, ranging from utilizing artificial benchmark datasets and models, to specialized biological benchmark datasets, to simulation studies that generate synthetic data from predefined network models. The latter is arguably the most comprehensive approach; however, existing implementations are typically limited by their reliance on the SEM (structural equation modeling) framework, which includes many explicit and implicit assumptions that may be unrealistic in a typical biological data analysis scenario. In this study, we develop an alternative, purely probabilistic, simulation framework that more appropriately fits with real biological data and biological network models. In conjunction, we also expand on our current understanding of the theoretical notions of causality and dependence / conditional independence in BNs and the Markov Blankets within.

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