Do Cardiovascular Responses to Active and Passive Coping Tasks predict Future Blood Pressure over a 10-Month Later?

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kornanong Yuenyongchaiwat ◽  
Ian Baker ◽  
Frankie Maratos ◽  
David Sheffield
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Active Coping ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
Current Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Passive Coping ◽  
Hemodynamic Reactivity

AbstractThe study examined whether cardiovascular responses to active or passive coping tasks and single or multiple tasks predicted changes in resting blood pressure (BP) over a ten-month period. Heart rate (HR), BP, cardiac output (CO), and total peripheral resistance (TPR) were measured at rest, and during mental stress tests (mental arithmetic, speech, and cold pressor tasks). A total of 104 eligible participants participated in the initial study, and 77 (74.04%) normotensive adult participants’ resting BP were re-evaluated at ten-month follow-up. Regression analyses indicated that after adjustment for baseline BP, initial age, gender, body mass index, family history of cardiovascular disease, and current cigarette smoking, heighted systolic blood pressure (SBP) and HR responses to an active coping task (mental arithmetic) were associated with increased future SBP (ΔR2 = .060, ΔR2 = .045, respectively). Further, aggregated SBP responsivity (over the three tasks) to the predictor models resulted in significant, but smaller increases in ΔR2 accounting for .040 of the variance of follow-up SBP. These findings suggest that cardiovascular responses to active coping tasks predict future SBP. Further, compared with single tasks, the findings revealed that SBP responses to three tasks were less predictive compared to an individual task (i.e., mental arithmetic). Of importance, hemodynamic reactivity (namely CO and TPR) did not predict future BP suggesting that more general psychophysiological processes (e.g., inflammation, platelet aggregation) may be implicated, or that BP, but not hemodynamic reactivity may be a marker of hypertension.

scholarly journals INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN EMOTION REGULATION AND CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONDING TO STRESS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siobhán M Griffin ◽  
Siobhán Howard
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Emotion Words

Instructed use of reappraisal to regulate stress in the laboratory is typically associated with a more adaptive cardiovascular response to stress, indexed by either: (i) lower cardiovascular reactivity (CVR; e.g., lower blood pressure); or (ii) a challenge-oriented response profile (i.e., greater cardiac output paired with lower total peripheral resistance). In contrast, instructed use of suppression is associated with exaggerated CVR (e.g., greater heart rate, blood pressure). Despite this, few studies have examined if the habitual use of these strategies are related to cardiovascular responding during stress. The current study examined the relationship between cardiovascular responses to acute stress and individual differences in emotion regulation style: trait reappraisal, suppression, and emotion regulation difficulties. Forty-eight participants (25 women, 23 men) completed a standardised laboratory stress paradigm incorporating a 20-minute acclimatization period, a 10-minute baseline, and two 5-minute speech tasks separated by a 10-minute inter-task rest period. The emotional valence of the speech task was examined as a potential moderating factor; participants spoke about a block of negative-emotion words and a block of neutral-emotion words. Cardiovascular parameters were measured using the Finometer Pro. Greater habitual use of suppression was associated with exaggerated blood pressure responding to both tasks. However, only in response to the negative-emotion task was greater use of reappraisal associated with a challenge-oriented cardiovascular response. The findings suggest that individual differences in emotion regulation translate to differing patterns of CVR to stress, but the emotional valence of the stressor may play a role.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Responses During Downhill Treadmill Walking at Self-Selected Intensity in Older Adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandy L. Gault ◽  
Richard E. Clements ◽  
Mark E.T. Willems
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Treadmill Walking ◽  
Metabolic Demand ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Cardiac Strain ◽  
Downhill Walking ◽  
Future Work

Cardiovascular responses of older adults to downhill (DTW, –10% incline) and level treadmill walking (0%) at self-selected walking speed (SSWS) were examined. Fifteen participants (age 68 ± 4 yr, height 1.69 ± 0.08 m, body mass 74.7 ± 8.1 kg) completed two 15-min walks at their SSWS (4.6 ± 0.6 km/hr). Cardiovascular responses were estimated using an arterial-volume finger clamp and infrared plethysmography. Oxygen consumption was 25% lower during DTW and associated with lower values for stroke volume (9.9 ml/beat), cardiac output (1.0 L/min), arteriovenous oxygen difference (a-v O2 diff, 2.4 ml/L), and systolic blood pressure (10 mmHg), with no differences in heart rate or diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure. Total peripheral resistance (TPR) was higher (2.11 mmHg) during DTW. During downhill walking, an exercise performed with reduced cardiac strain, endothelial changes, and reduced metabolic demand may be responsible for the different responses in TPR and a-v O2 diff. Future work is warranted on whether downhill walking is suitable for higher risk populations.

Usefulness of Exercise Stress Testing for Prediction of Blood Pressure Trends

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 1071-1075
Author(s):  
David E. Fixler ◽  
W. Pennock Laird ◽  
Kent Dana
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Stress Testing ◽  
Isometric Exercise ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Exercise Stress ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Exercise Stress Testing ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
Blood Pressures

The purpose of this study was to determine whether values of blood pressure during exercise help predict which adolescents are prone to maintain high blood pressure. Dynamic and isometric exercise stress tests were performed on 131 adolescents who had had systolic or diastolic pressures greater than the 95th percentile on three examinations the previous year. Follow-up blood pressures were measured 1 year after the stress testing, and outcomes were classified on the basis of the blood pressure status that year. Stepwise regression analysis was used to examine the association between earlier blood pressures and exercise pressures with outcome pressures. In both male and female adolescents, the average resting systolic pressure on the earlier survey was the best predictor of systolic pressure 2 years later. Blood pressures and heart rates during dynamic and isometric exercise did not significantly contribute to the models' prediction of future systolic or diastolic pressures. The data suggest that exercise stress testing is not a valid method for predicting youths whose blood pressures will remain elevated over the next 1 to 2 years.

scholarly journals Blunted cardiovascular responses to exercise in Parkinson’s disease patients: role of the muscle metaboreflex

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 1516-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeann L. Sabino-Carvalho ◽  
André L. Teixeira ◽  
Milena Samora ◽  
Maurício Daher ◽  
Lauro C. Vianna
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Muscle Metaboreflex ◽  
Pressor Test

Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) exhibit attenuated cardiovascular responses to exercise. The underlying mechanisms that are potentially contributing to these impairments are not fully understood. Therefore, we sought to test the hypothesis that patients with PD exhibit blunted cardiovascular responses to isolated muscle metaboreflex activation following exercise. For this, mean blood pressure, cardiac output, and total peripheral resistance were measured using finger photoplethysmography and the Modelflow method in 11 patients with PD [66 ± 2 yr; Hoehn and Yahr score: 2 ± 1 a.u.; time since diagnosis: 7 ± 1 yr; means ± SD) and 9 age-matched controls (66 ± 3 yr). Measurements were obtained at rest, during isometric handgrip exercise performed at 40% maximal voluntary contraction, and during postexercise ischemia. Also, a cold pressor test was assessed to confirm that blunted cardiovascular responses were specific to exercise and not representative of generalized sympathetic responsiveness. Changes in mean blood pressure were attenuated in patients with PD during handgrip (PD: ∆25 ± 2 mmHg vs. controls: ∆31 ± 3 mmHg; P < 0.05), and these group differences remained during postexercise ischemia (∆17 ± 1 mmHg vs. ∆26 ± 1 mmHg, respectively; P < 0.01). Additionally, changes in total peripheral resistance were attenuated during exercise and postexercise ischemia, indicating blunted reflex vasoconstriction in patients with PD. Responses to cold pressor test did not differ between groups, suggesting no group differences in generalized sympathetic responsiveness. Our results support the concept that attenuated cardiovascular responses to exercise observed in patients with PD are, at least in part, explained by an altered skeletal muscle metaboreflex. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) presented blunted cardiovascular responses to exercise. We showed that cardiovascular response evoked by the metabolic component of the exercise pressor reflex is blunted in patients with PD. Furthermore, patients with PD presented similar pressor response during the cold pressor test compared with age-matched controls. Altogether, our results support the hypothesis that attenuated cardiovascular responses to exercise observed in patients with PD are mediate by an altered skeletal muscle metaboreflex.

scholarly journals Interindividual variability in the dose-specific effect of dopamine on carotid chemoreceptor sensitivity to hypoxia

2016 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline K. Limberg ◽  
Blair D. Johnson ◽  
Walter W. Holbein ◽  
Sushant M. Ranadive ◽  
Michael T. Mozer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Ventilatory Response ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Dopamine Infusion ◽  
Ventilatory Responses ◽  
Body Responsiveness ◽  
Ventilatory Response To Hypoxia

Human studies use varying levels of low-dose (1-4 μg·kg−1·min−1) dopamine to examine peripheral chemosensitivity, based on its known ability to blunt carotid body responsiveness to hypoxia. However, the effect of dopamine on the ventilatory responses to hypoxia is highly variable between individuals. Thus we sought to determine 1) the dose response relationship between dopamine and peripheral chemosensitivity as assessed by the ventilatory response to hypoxia in a cohort of healthy adults, and 2) potential confounding cardiovascular responses at variable low doses of dopamine. Young, healthy adults ( n = 30, age = 32 ± 1, 24 male/6 female) were given intravenous (iv) saline and a range of iv dopamine doses (1–4 μg·kg−1·min−1) prior to and throughout five hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) tests. Subjects initially received iv saline, and after each HVR the dopamine infusion rate was increased by 1 μg·kg−1·min−1. Tidal volume, respiratory rate, heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation were continuously measured. Dopamine significantly reduced HVR at all doses ( P < 0.05). When subjects were divided into high ( n = 13) and low ( n = 17) baseline chemosensitivity, dopamine infusion (when assessed by dose) reduced HVR in the high group only ( P < 0.01), with no effect of dopamine on HVR in the low group ( P > 0.05). Dopamine infusion also resulted in a reduction in blood pressure (3 μg·kg−1·min−1) and total peripheral resistance (1–4 μg·kg−1·min−1), driven primarily by subjects with low baseline chemosensitivity. In conclusion, we did not find a single dose of dopamine that elicited a nadir HVR in all subjects. Additionally, potential confounding cardiovascular responses occur with dopamine infusion, which may limit its usage.

Cardiovascular responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia in barodenervated rats

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 678-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Walker ◽  
B. L. Brizzee
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Acute Hypoxia ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Arterial Baroreflex ◽  
Conscious Rat ◽  
Hypercapnic Hypoxia ◽  
Intact Rats

Experiments were performed to examine the role of the arterial baroreceptors in the cardiovascular responses to acute hypoxia and hypercapnia in conscious rats chronically instrumented to monitor systemic hemodynamics. One group of rats remained intact, whereas a second group was barodenervated. Both groups of rats retained arterial chemoreceptive function as demonstrated by augmented ventilation in response to hypoxia. The cardiovascular effects to varying inspired levels of O2 and CO2 were examined and compared between intact and barodenervated rats. No differences between groups were noted in response to mild hypercapnia (5% CO2); however, the bradycardia and reduction in cardiac output observed in intact rats breathing 10% CO2 were eliminated by barodenervation. In addition, hypocapnic hypoxia caused a marked fall in blood pressure and total peripheral resistance (TPR) in barodenervated rats compared with controls. Similar differences in TPR were observed between the groups in response to isocapnic and hypercapnic hypoxia as well. It is concluded that the arterial baroreflex is an important component of the overall cardiovascular responses to both hypercapnic and hypoxic stimuli in the conscious rat.

Influence of Ethnicity and Gender on Cardiovascular Responses to Active Coping and Inhibitory-Passive Coping Challenges

1997 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrice G. Saab ◽  
Maria M. Llabre ◽  
Neil Schneiderman ◽  
Barry E. Hurwitz ◽  
Paige Green McDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Active Coping ◽  
Passive Coping ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Ethnicity And Gender

Effects of Stimuli on Cardiovascular Reactivity Occurring at Regular Intervals During Mental Stress

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Karl Lackner ◽  
Nandu Goswami ◽  
Helmut Hinghofer-Szalkay ◽  
Ilona Papousek ◽  
Hermann Scharfetter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Cardiovascular Reactivity ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Mental Task ◽  
Transient Effects

Studies examining the direct effects of stimuli needed to perform mental stress tasks such as instructor commands at regular intervals during the mental task are limited to date. Because of the comprehensive effects of different stimuli, we studied the effect of short instructor commands occurring at regular intervals on the behavior of the cardiovascular system during two different types of tasks. Continuous beat-to-beat heart rate and blood pressure, respiration, thoracic impedance, skin conductance, and peripheral temperature were measured in 20 healthy females during a cancellation test of attention (stimuli interval of 20 s) and during mental arithmetic tasks (stimuli interval of 120 s). The transient effects of the stimuli on measures in the time domain as well as the effects of stimulus intervals on measures in the frequency domain (using spectral analysis) were examined. Instructor commands caused increases in several cardiovascular variables and in skin conductance. SBP (systolic blood pressure) and DBP (diastolic blood pressure) showed a significant stimulus response only during the mental arithmetic tasks. An effect of instructor commands at regular intervals was seen in the spectral analysis at 0.05 Hz (cancellation test of attention) and 1/120 Hz (mental arithmetic), according to the stimulus intervals of 20 s and 120 s used in these tasks. The findings suggest that even simple instructor commands given during high mental task load had a strong impact and can considerably influence measures of cardiovascular reactivity. The effects of paced stimuli should be considered when interpreting cardiovascular responses to task conditions with constant stimulus intervals.

Abstract P075: Stroke Volume and Visceral Fat Drive Differences in Blood Pressure Between Two Generations: A Population-Based Study of Adolescents and Their Parents

Hypertension ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catriona A Syme ◽  
Michal Abrahamowicz ◽  
Gabriel Leonard ◽  
Michel Perron ◽  
Louis Richer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Hemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
Renal Handling ◽  
Generation Differences

Excess total body fat (TBF) and visceral fat (VF) are major risk factors of hypertension. Blood pressure (BP) increases with age, as do TBF and VF. Here we investigated whether TBF and VF contribute to BP differences between adolescents and adults. A population-based sample of adolescents (n=933, 12-18 years) and their parents (n=429, 38-65 years) was studied as part of the Saguenay Youth Study. In all participants, beat-by-beat values of SBP, DBP and underlying hemodynamic parameters (heart rate, stroke volume [SV] and total peripheral resistance) were obtained with a Finometer during a 52-minute protocol mimicking daily life activities and including posture and math-stress tests. TBF was assessed by bioelectrical impedance and VF was examined by magnetic resonance imaging. SBP was higher in parents than adolescents by an average of 10.2±0.3 mmHg in males and 9.1±0.3 mmHg in females (p<0.0001 for both sexes). DBP differed minimally throughout the protocol (p=0.3 and 0.1, respectively). In males and females, respectively, the ‘generation’ differences in SBP were reduced to 6.0±0.1 and 4.3±0.1 mmHg when adjusted for height and TBF (p<0.0001 for both), and were further reduced to 1.9±0.1 and 2.5±0.2 mmHg when additionally adjusted for VF (p=0.1 and 0.02). Of the underlying hemodynamic parameters, only SV was higher in parents than adolescents (by 46±2 ml in males and 39±2 ml in females, p<0.0001 for both). Again, the ‘generation’ differences in SV were reduced to 23±1 (males) and 20±1 ml (females) when adjusted for height and TBF (p<0.0001 for both sexes), and were further reduced to 11.8±0.6 and 15.7±0.8 ml when additionally adjusted for VF (p<0.0001 for both sexes). These results suggest that the transition from adolescence to middle-aged adulthood is associated with an increase in SBP (but not DBP), which is driven mainly by SV augmentation. They also suggest that VF contributes to the generational differences in both SBP and SV above and beyond the contribution of TBF, despite VF being a relatively small fraction of TBF. The co-occurrence of these differences in VF, SV and SBP may be related to sympathoactivation and renal handling of sodium and water reabsorption; further research is required to confirm this possibility.

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