Clinical and Sociodemographic Factors Associated with Cognitive Impairment and Neuroprotection in Diabetes Patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Valiente-Barroso ◽  
Jesús Mª Alvarado-Izquierdo ◽  
Emilio García García
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Cognitive Stimulation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

AbstractThe aim of this study is to analyze the potential impact of factors (clinical and demographic variables and comorbidities) associated with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) on certain mental processes related to cognitive impairment, with special attention to the analysis of parameters that define processing speed and executive function. Neuropsychological examination of elderly Spanish patients (N = 59, 33 females, Mage 70.98 years) diagnosed with DM, in addition to application of an ad hoc questionnaire to collect information on comorbidities and other relevant demographic variables. Based on a cross-sectional design, correlational analysis was carried out. Cognitive performance showed an inverse relationship to age and cardiopathology while years of schooling and regular physical activity appeared as neuroprotective factors. DM is an illness which, linked to other variables, can be regarded as a risk factor for the development of cognitive impairment. Certain factors (physical activity and cognitive stimulation) have the potential to mitigate this tendency. There is a need to further our understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms involved.

scholarly journals Sociodemographic factors associated with Public knowledge of dementia in a Cuban population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoylen Fernandez-Fleites ◽  
Yunier Broche-Perez ◽  
Claire Eccleston ◽  
Elizabeth Jimenez-Puig ◽  
Evelyn Fernandez-Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Cognitive Stimulation ◽  
University Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Dementia Prevention ◽  
Cuban Population

population with regard to dementia risk factors and to determine the demographic variables related with it. Study design: A cross-sectional survey was carried out on 1004 Cubans. Methods: The survey measured the importance placed on dementia, risk reduction knowledge and the actions to prevent it. Logistic regression was undertaken to identify variables associated with knowledge. Results: Most respondents (47.5%) believe that dementia risk reduction should start before age of 40. Cognitive stimulation and physical activities were selected with major frequency. Being older than 48 years, having previous contact with dementia and university education increases the probability of having healthy lifestyles. Conclusions: The exploration of demographic variables allows the prediction of likelihood to know about or have positive beliefs in relation to dementia. They should be contemplated into strategies for dementia prevention in Cuban population.

scholarly journals The Association between Violent Behavior, Academic Performance, and Physical Activity According to Gender in Scholars

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 4071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irwin Andrés Ramírez-Granizo ◽  
Félix Zurita-Ortega ◽  
José Luis Ubago-Jiménez ◽  
María Sánchez-Zafra
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Aggressive Behaviors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Violent Behaviors ◽  
The World ◽  
Points Of View

Background: Aggressive behaviors have increased in a worrying way all over the world, and this has been one more reason to be able to investigate what happens in schools. Its presence has been increasing in recent decades and, therefore, this issue has been approached from different points of view of society. The aim of this study was to analyze and establish the indices of aggressive behaviors and their possible association with gender, academic achievement, and the Physical Activity (PA) in schoolchildren aged 10–12 in Granada (Spain). Methods: Its design is descriptive and cross-sectional, the sample is 320 students, an ad-hoc questionnaire was used to establish socio-demographic variables, violent behavior (measured with the scale of violent behaviors), gender, academic performance, and PA. Results: The results showed that schoolchildren with higher levels of violent behaviors have been in the reactive and relational reactive manifest dimension, males are more assiduous to practice PA than females, and these were characterized by greater manifest and relational aggressiveness. However, they present higher average values in violent behaviors than they do if academic performance is taken into account. Conclusions: The main recommendation is the need to study, in greater depth, the active sports population in order to try to know the cause of these results.

scholarly journals Motivational Climate in Youth Football Players

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Castro-Sánchez ◽  
Félix Zurita-Ortega ◽  
José Ubago-Jiménez ◽  
Irwin Ramírez-Granizo ◽  
Ramón Chacón-Cuberos
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Motivational Climate ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
National Division ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Special Relevance

(1) Background: In recent decades, the psychology of sport has gained special relevance in this field, due to the influence of psychological variables on sports performance and the regularity of sports practice. The aim of this research is to analyse the motivational climate of footballers. (2) Methods: This study uses a descriptive cross-sectional design on a sample of 156 adolescent football players, using an ad-hoc questionnaire for the recording of socio-demographic variables and the PMCSQ-2 questionnaire on motivational climate in sport. (3) Results: The results of the present investigation indicate that footballers are more oriented towards task than ego, sportsmen who compete in Honor Division being the those who are more oriented towards ego and those of National Division being more oriented towards task. (4) Conclusions: The main conclusion of this research is those who are the motivational climate is related to the division in which the players compete.

scholarly journals Cross-Sectional Study of Self-Concept and Gender in Relation to Physical Activity and Martial Arts in Spanish Adolescents during the COVID-19 Lockdown

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
David Lindell-Postigo ◽  
Félix Zurita-Ortega ◽  
Manuel Ortiz-Franco ◽  
Gabriel González-Valero
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sociodemographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
And Gender

The COVID-19 lockdown has negatively affected individuals’ welfare. However, there has been no research published heretofore about the levels of self-concept (SC) in adolescents, nor how having practised martial arts (MA) or any physical activity (PA) before the lockdown may have influenced the SC in that time. Hence, this study aimed to analyze some demographic, physical, and psychosocial parameters in Spanish adolescents throughout the COVID-19 quarantine through a cross-sectional investigation, establishing correlations among these factors. Methods: The present study had a descriptive, comparative, and cross-sectional design. The sample comprised of 54 (39.7%) male and 82 (60.3%) female Spanish adolescents aged 12–18 (M = 14.49; SD = 1.80). An ad-hoc questionnaire collected sociodemographic data; the self-concept Form 5 (AF5) questionnaire obtained data on SC dimensions. Results: There were some differences among the SC dimensions, with family and academic dimensions having higher values than the physical and emotional ones. Females’ academic SC was higher than that of males (p = 0.019). The practice of PA before the lockdown was positively associated with physical (p < 0.001) and social (p = 0.012) SC, yet there was no significant association between the previous practice of MA and SC (p > 0.050). Conclusions: the findings suggest that the COVID-19 lockdown negatively affected Spanish adolescents by decreasing their total SC and some dimensions of it, although PA may buffer psychological harmfulness in adolescents.

scholarly journals Sociodemographic factors associated with public knowledge of dementia in a Cuban population

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-479
Author(s):  
Zoylen Fernández-Fleites ◽  
Yunier Broche-Pérez ◽  
Claire Eccleston ◽  
Elizabeth Jiménez-Puig ◽  
Evelyn Fernández Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Cognitive Stimulation ◽  
University Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Cuban Population

ABSTRACT International organizations estimate that a new dementia is diagnosed every 3 s. Objectives: To explore the knowledge and beliefs among a cross-section of the adult population of Cuba with regard to dementia risk factors and to determine the demographic variables related with it. A cross-sectional survey was carried out on 1,004 Cubans. Methods: The survey measured the importance placed on dementia, risk reduction knowledge, and the actions to prevent it. Logistic regression was undertaken to identify variables associated with knowledge. Results: Many respondents (47.5%) believe that dementia risk reduction should start before the age of 40. Cognitive stimulation and physical activities were selected with major frequency. Being older than 48 years, having previous contact with dementia, and university education increases the probability of having healthy lifestyles. Conclusions: The exploration of demographic variables allows the prediction of likelihood to know about or have positive beliefs in relation to dementia. They should be contemplated into strategies for dementia prevention in Cuban population.

Physical Activity and Cognitive Function in Multiple Sclerosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 734-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Motl ◽  
Eduard Gappmaier ◽  
Kathryn Nelson ◽  
Ralph H.B. Benedict
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neuropsychological Assessments ◽  
Cognitive Processing Speed

Cognitive impairment is prevalent, disabling, and poorly managed in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). This cross-sectional study examined the associations among physical activity, cognitive processing speed, and learning and memory in 33 persons with MS who underwent neuropsychological assessments and wore a physical activity monitor for 7 days. Cognitive impairment was greatest in cognitive processing speed. Physical activity was significantly correlated with cognitive processing speed (pr = .35), but not learning and memory (pr = .20), after controlling for sex, age, and education. Researchers should examine exercise training and physical activity effects on cognitive performance, particularly processing speed, in MS.

scholarly journals Exploring activity levels in physical education lessons in the UK: a cross-sectional examination of activity types and fitness levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e000924
Author(s):  
Nick Beale ◽  
Emma Eldridge ◽  
Anne Delextrat ◽  
Patrick Esser ◽  
Oliver Bushnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Global Norms ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Fitness Levels

ObjectivesTo establish pupil fitness levels, and the relationship to global norms and physical education (PE) enjoyment. To measure and describe physical activity (PA) levels during secondary school PE lessons, in the context of recommended levels, and how levels vary with activity and lesson type.MethodsA cross-sectional design; 10 697 pupils aged 12.5 (SD 0.30) years; pupils who completed a multistage fitness test and wore accelerometers to measure PA during PE lessons. Multilevel models estimated fitness and PE activity levels, accounting for school and class-level clustering.ResultsCardiorespiratory fitness was higher in boys than girls (ß=−0.48; 95% CI −0.56 to −0.39, p<0.001), within absolute terms 51% of boys and 54% of girls above the 50th percentile of global norms. On average, pupils spent 23.8% of PE lessons in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), and 7.1% in vigorous PA (VPA). Fitness-focused lessons recorded most VPA in co-educational (ß=1.09; 95% CI 0.43 to 1.74) and boys-only lessons (ß=0.32; 95% CI −0.21 to 0.85). In girls-only lessons, track athletics recorded most VPA (ß=0.13; 95% CI −0.50 to 0.75) and net/wall/racket games (ß=0.97; 95% CI 0.12 to 1.82) the most MVPA. For all lesson types, field athletics was least active (ß=−0.85; 95% CI −1.33 to −0.36). There was a relationship of enjoyment of PE to fitness (ß=1.03; 95% CI 0.83 to 1.23), and this relationship did not vary with sex (ß=−0.14 to 0.23; 95% CI −0.16 to 0.60).ConclusionsPE lessons were inactive compared with current guidelines. We propose that if we are to continue to develop a range of sporting skills in schools at the same time as increasing levels of fitness and PA, there is a need to introduce additional sessions of PE activity focused on increasing physical activity.Trial registration numberNCT03286725.

scholarly journals Patterns of Change in Dietary Habits and Physical Activity during Lockdown in Spain Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
Carmen Pérez-Rodrigo ◽  
Marta Gianzo Citores ◽  
Gotzone Hervás Bárbara ◽  
Fátima Ruiz-Litago ◽  
Luis Casis Sáenz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dietary Change ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Active Cluster

Background: Lockdown due to COVID-19 influenced food habits and lifestyles with potential negative health impact. This study aims to identify patterns of change in eating habits and physical activity during COVID-19 lockdown in Spain and to identify associations with sociodemographic factors and usual habits. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1155 adults recruited online to answer a 10-section questionnaire. The protocol assessed usual diet by means of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, usual physical activity (PA) and supplement use, dietary changes, sedentary time, PA, exposure to sunlight, sleep quality, and smoking during confinement. Patterns of dietary change were identified by factor analysis. Factor scores were included in cluster analysis together with change in PA. Results: Six patterns of dietary change were identified that together with PA changes during lockdown defined three clusters of lifestyle change: a cluster less active, a more active cluster, and a third cluster as active as usual. People who were usually less active were more likely to be classified in the cluster that increased physical activity in confinement. Scores of the Healthy Mediterranean-Style dietary pattern were higher in this group. Conclusions: Different patterns of change in lifestyles in confinement suggest the need to tailor support and advice to different population groups.

scholarly journals Prevalence of physical inactivity and associated factors among adolescents from public schools in Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 2217-2229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Gustavo Bergmann ◽  
Mauren Lúcia de Araújo Bergmann ◽  
Alexandre Carriconde Marques ◽  
Pedro Curi Hallal
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Behavioral Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

This study aimed to identify the prevalence of physical inactivity and associated factors in adolescents, using a cross-sectional design with a sample of 1,455 adolescents (741 females). Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic, perceptual, and behavioral variables. Physical activity was estimated with the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children and Adolescents. Prevalence of physical inactivity was 68% (95%CI: 65.6%-70.4%). The following variables remained associated with physical inactivity in the adjusted analysis (p < 0.05): living in an apartment, female gender, older adolescents, lower self-rated physical activity compared to peers, low perception of maternal physical activity, passive commuting to school, non-participation in physical education at school, non-enjoyment of physical education classes, and limited involvement in other types of physical exercise besides physical education at school. There were a high proportion of inactive adolescents. Strategies to prevent physical inactivity in adolescents should be elaborated with a central role for the school and family.

Reduced information processing speed as primum movens for cognitive decline in MS

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen Van Schependom ◽  
Marie B D’hooghe ◽  
Krista Cleynhens ◽  
Mieke D’hooge ◽  
Marie-Claire Haelewyck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Information Processing Speed ◽  
Survival Curves ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Cognitive impairment affects half of the multiple sclerosis (MS) patient population and is an important contributor to patients’ daily activities. Most cognitive impairment studies in MS are, however, cross-sectional or/and focused on the early disease stages. Objective: We aim to assess the time course of decline of different cognitive domains. Methods: We collected neuropsychological data on 514 MS patients to construct Kaplan-Meier survival curves of the tests included in the Neuropsychological Screening Battery for MS (NSBMS) and the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT). Cox-proportional hazard models were constructed to examine the influence of MS onset type, age at onset, gender, depression and level of education on the time course, expressed as age or disease. Results: Survival curves of tests focusing on information processing speed (IPS) declined significantly faster than tests with less specific demands of IPS. Median age for pathological decline was 56.2 years (95% CI: 54.4–58.2) on the SDMT and 63.9 years (95% CI: 60–66.9) on the CLTR, a memory task. Conclusion: In conclusion, IPS is the cognitive domain not only most widely affected by MS but it is also the first cognitive deficit to emerge in MS.

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