Mother-Youth Acculturation Gaps and Health-Risking/Emotional Problems among Latin-American Adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margit Wiesner ◽  
Consuelo Arbona ◽  
Deborah M. Capaldi ◽  
Hyoun K. Kim ◽  
Charles D. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Emotional Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Acculturation Gap ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Weak Support ◽  
Heritage Culture ◽  
Acculturation Gaps

AbstractSecond-generation Latin-American adolescents tend to show higher levels of various health-risking behaviors and emotional problems than first-generation Latin-American adolescents. This cross-sectional study of 40 mother-adolescent dyads examined the association of mother-youth acculturation gaps to youth adjustment problems. Intergenerational acculturation gaps were assessed as a bidimensional self-report component and a novel observational measurement component. The Latin-American adolescents were predominantly second-generation of Mexican descent (Mage = 13.42 years, SD = 0.55). Most of the mothers were born in Mexico (Mage = 39.18 years, SD = 5.17). Data were collected from mothers, adolescents, and coders, using questionnaires, structured interviews, and videotaped mother-youth interaction tasks. Findings revealed generally weak support for the acculturation gap-distress hypothesis. In addition, stronger relative adherence to their heritage culture by the adolescents was significantly (p < .05, ES = 0.15) related to less engagement in early health-risking sexual behaviors, possibly reflecting selective acculturation processes. Mother-youth acculturation gaps in orientation to the heritage culture were the most salient dimension, changing the focus on the original formulation of the acculturation gap-distress hypothesis.

Objectively Measured Sedentary Behavior, Obesity, and Psychological Well-Being: A Cross-Sectional Study of Japanese Schoolchildren

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 270-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaori Ishii ◽  
Ai Shibata ◽  
Minoru Adachi ◽  
Yoshiyuki Mano ◽  
Koichiro Oka
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Emotional Problems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Japanese Children ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Well Being

Background:Sedentary behaviors (SB) are associated with health indicators; however, there are currently very few studies that have examined these associations, especially in conjunction with psychological factors, in children. The current study examined the independent relationship between objectively assessed SB, and indicators of obesity and psychological well-being, among Japanese children.Methods:A total of 967 elementary-school children completed a cross-sectional survey. SB was measured with accelerometers for 7 consecutive days. Psychological well-being data (eg, anxiety and behavior problems) were collected via a self-report questionnaire. To determine the relationship of SB with degree of obesity and psychological well-being, linear regression analyses were conducted to relate the indicators of obesity and psychological well-being on SB, adjusted by gender, grade, percentage of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per day, duration spent wearing the accelerometer, and degree of obesity.Results:SB was significantly related to behavioral/emotional problems (β = .280, P = .010, R2 = .015). There was a statistically significant relationship between SB and anxiety (β = .206, P = .059, R2 = .007). No significant association with degree of obesity was found.Conclusions:Excess SB relates higher levels of behavioral/emotional problems and anxiety. These results can inspire the development of interventions that promote well-being and enhance psychological health, by focusing on SB in Japanese children.

scholarly journals Original research Socio-demographic patterning of self-reported physical activity and sitting time in Latin American countries: findings from ELANS

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerson Luis de Moraes Ferrari ◽  
◽  
Irina Kovalskys ◽  
Mauro Fisberg ◽  
Georgina Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Latin American Countries

Abstract Background Low levels of physical activity (PA) and prolonged sitting time (ST) increase the risk of non-communicable diseases and mortality, and can be influenced by socio-demographic characteristics. The aim of this study was to use self-report data to characterise socio-demographic patterns of PA and ST in eight Latin American countries. Methods Data were obtained from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS), a household population-based, multi-national, cross-sectional survey (n = 9218, aged 15–65 years), collected from September 2014 to February 2015. Transport and leisure PA and ST were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire–long version. Overall and country-specific mean and median levels of time spent in transport and leisure PA and ST were compared by sex, age, socioeconomic and education level. Results Mean levels of transport and leisure PA were 220.3 min/week (ranging from 177.6 min/week in Venezuela to 275.3 min/week in Costa Rica) and 316.4 min/week (ranging from 272.1 min/week in Peru to 401.4 min/week in Ecuador). Transport and leisure PA were higher (p < 0.005) in men than women with mean differences of 58.0 and 34.0 min/week. The mean and median for transport PA were similar across age groups (15–29 years: mean 215.5 and median 120 min/week; 30–59 years: mean 225.0 and median 120 min/week; ≥60 years: mean 212.0 and median 120 min/week). The median time spent in transport and leisure PA between three strata of socioeconomic and education levels were similar. The prevalence of not meeting PA recommendations were 69.9% (95% CI: 68.9–70.8) for transport and 72.8% (95% CI: 72.0–73.7) for leisure. Men, younger people (15–29 years), individuals with higher socioeconomic and education levels spent significantly (p < 0.001) more time sitting than women, older people (30–59 years and ≥ 60 years) and those in the middle and low socioeconomic and education groups, respectively. Conclusions Transport and leisure PA and ST range widely by country, sex, and age group in Latin America. Programs for promoting leisure and transport PA and reducing ST in Latin America should consider these differences by age and gender and between countries. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.Gov NCT02226627. Retrospectively registered on August 27, 2014.

scholarly journals Prevalence of alcohol, tobacco and street drugs consumption in adult Latin American immigrants

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 528-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Rafael González-López ◽  
María de los Ángeles Rodríguez-Gázquez ◽  
María de las Mercedes Lomas-Campos
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Preventive Practices ◽  
Latin American Immigrants

To estimate the prevalence of alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug consumption (through the self-report) in adult Latin-American immigrants of Seville, a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in a representative sample of 190 immigrants. The results showed that 61.4% of the participants had consumed alcohol in previous month before data collection, although 13.2% of them were at risk of alcoholism. Moreover, 30.0% were smokers. In addition, 5.3% of the interviewed people had consumed illicit psychoactive substances in the previous six months (Marihuana: 3.7%, hashish: 1.1% and cocaine: 0.5%). For all substances under analysis, the consumption prevalence was much higher in men from 25 to 39 years of age. In conclusion, prevalence levels of this consumption were high among the studied immigrants. Nurses could train the population in the prevention of these risk behaviors through preventive practices.

scholarly journals Determinants of Syphilis and Trichomonas Infections among Women Attending Selected Health Facilities in Kigali, Rwanda

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nzeyimana Z ◽  
◽  
Mochama M ◽  
Dzinamarira T ◽  
Safari E ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Sex Partner

Background: Syphilis and Trichomonas are among more than 30 known Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs). They make part of the four (4) most prevalent treatable STIs globally, together with Chlamydia and gonorrhea. They are associated with lifelong health problems, especially among women and their babies, including but not limited to exacerbation of HIV acquisition risks, preterm labor, birth defects, and deaths. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and determinants of Syphilis and Trichomonas infections among women attending selected Health Facilities (HFs) in Kigali, Rwanda. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey that collected data from 174 women who attended eight (8) HFs in Kigali, Rwanda from October 7 to December 6, 2019, for Outpatient Diagnosis (OPD) services. The HFs were purposefully selected while women participants were recruited using a systematic random sampling strategy. Vaginal swabs were microscopically examined for the presence of Trichomonas vaginalis and Syphilis was diagnosed using FaStep Syphilis Rapid tests to detect IgG and IgM specific to Treponema pallidum. The questionnaire captured information on the socio-demographic characteristics and sexual behaviors of the participants. Fisher exact test, Phi, and logistic regression were the main statistical analysis of the study. Results: This study recruited 174 women; aged between 17 and 49 years old, with a mean age of 29 years. The findings show that 12% (21 out of 174) of the women had either Syphilis (9.8%) or Trichomonas (2.3%), but none had both. Syphilis infections significantly affected women living in slums (40%, p=0.001), with a history of STI before (15.2%, p=0.028), not always using a condom (14.9%, p=0.014), and self-reporting to have had one lifetime sex partner (23.5%, p= 0.002). Living in slums, not always using a condom, and self-report of one lifetime sex partner uniquely increase the risks of getting syphilis up to 6.305, 5.53, and 5.81 times compared to their counterparts who are not, respectively. Trichomonas infection was significantly high (p <0.01) among women in economic category one (18.2%, p=0.029), self-reporting to lack transport (13.6%, p <0.001) and health cover (12.5%, p <0.001) as barriers of not attending a health facility while they are sick. Lacking transport means and health cover uniquely exacerbate the risks of Trichomonas infection up to 36.7 and 22.32 times, respectively. Conclusion: This study concludes that Syphilis and trichomonas infections are still major public health problems among women attending health facilities in Kigali, Rwanda. Therefore, there is still a need to enhance health promotion programs to improve healthcare-seeking behaviors and empower women to negotiate safe sexual activities.

scholarly journals Association of stature and mental problems among adolescents in Jatinangor District, West Java

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meita Dhamayanti ◽  
Pia H. Deliana ◽  
Faisal Bukkar
Keyword(s):  
Short Stature ◽  
Emotional Problems ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
West Java ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mental Problems ◽  
Weight Problems

Background: The prevalence of short stature during adolescence in Indonesia remains high. Adolescents are very concerned about their stature. Most adolescent health problems are related to psychosocial issues. The prevalence of mental disorders among adolescents in Indonesia is 6.0%, and West Java is 9.3%. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between stature and mental problems during middle adolescence.Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was performed at three high schools in Jatinangor, West Java, Indonesia. The subjects were students, age of 16–17 years old without physical abnormalities other than short stature and weight problems. Mental problems were screened using a self-report Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Data were analyzed using the chi-square test with prevalence risk.Results: Of the 150 respondents, 116 subjects met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The prevalence of short stature was 55 cases (47.4%) and more predominant in females. Among the behavioral and emotional problems assessed, the emotional symptom was associated significantly with short stature; prevalence ratio 1.87 (95% CI=1.14; 3.08). There was no significant association of short stature with other attributes such as conduct, hyperactivity, peer problems, and total difficulties (p>0.05).Conclusion: Stature in adolescence is associated with emotional problems.

scholarly journals Influenza and pneumococcal vaccination coverage in Latin American patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a cross-sectional and comparative study

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edson Hernán Chiganer ◽  
Bruno Camargo Ochi ◽  
Carmen Flora Lessa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in systemic lupus (SLE). Vaccination would be an effective method to reduce infection rate. Coverage for influenza and pneumococcus appears to be low in Latin America. The objective of this study was to evaluate vaccination coverage for influenza and pneumococcus in Latin America, causes of non-vaccination and to compare it with European patients. Methods A survey was conducted through social networks targeting Latin American lupus patients. A self-report was used to assess the demographics, risk factors for pneumonia, vaccination status, and causes of non-vaccination. The same method was used for European patients. We used binary logistic regression to identify factors associated with pneumococcal and influenza vaccination. Results There were 1130 participants from Latin America. Among them, 97% were women with an average of 37.9 years (SD: 11.3) and 46.5% had more than 7 years of disease duration. Two or more risk factors for pneumonia were found in 64.9%. Coverage for influenza and pneumococcal was 42.7 and 25% respectively, being lower than in Europe. Tetanus coverage was the most important predictor for receiving influenza and pneumococcal vaccination. Lack of prescription was the most common cause of non-application (64.6%). Conclusions Vaccination coverage for influenza and pneumonia is low in Latin America, especially compared to Europe. It is necessary to make specialists aware of their role in vaccine control and to implement measures to improve coordination between them and general practitioners.

scholarly journals Feeding Styles, Feeding Practices and Child Weight Status Between 2-to-12 Years Old Children in Latin America: A Systematic Review (P11-121-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Vizcarra ◽  
Po-Chia Tseng ◽  
Ruopeng An
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Feeding Styles ◽  
Child Weight ◽  
Child Bmi

Abstract Objectives The prevalence of obesity in children of Latin American and Caribbean countries (LAC) has increased, becoming a public health priority while undernutrition is decreasing. Associations between caregiver's feeding practices (FP) and feeding styles (FS) with child BMI and/or overweight/obesity (OW/OB) have been reported in developed countries, but little is known in LAC. This review synthesizes the existing evidence on the associations between caregiver's FP and FS with weight status of 2-to-12-year-old children in LAC. Methods The study eligibility criteria included 2-to-12-year-old children and their parents/caregivers; LAC/nationality; Child weight status (CWS) as main outcome; peer-reviewed publications; and articles in English or Spanish. Keywords and MESH terms involving FS and FP, childhood stage, and CWS were used to search in PubMed. The key words were adjusted to search until March 2018 in the Web of Science, PsycINFO, and CINAHL. Titles and abstracts of the articles were screened against the selection criteria. Two researchers independently screened titles and abstracts and conducted the retrieval. A full-text-evaluation was conducted on potentially relevant papers. Results Among 1237 articles identified, 25 were full-text revised and 6 were finally selected. Among the 6 articles, 5 were cross-sectional and 1 was case-control. The studies were conducted in Chile, Mexico and Brazil and involved self-report measures of FP and FS. 5 studies reported a positive association between restrictive parental feeding and higher child BMI z-score or higher likelihood of being OW/OB. While 1 study found pressure to eat negatively associated with child BMI z-score, 1 study found uninvolved and indulgent FS associated with higher child BMI. Conclusions Restrictive feeding, and indulgent and uninvolved FS have been linked to heavier weight or higher risk of being OW/OB in children of LAC. The research of the associations between FP and FS with CWS is scarce and limited to three countries. In addition, most studies are cross-sectional, which does not permit to establish the direction of the effect. Therefore, longitudinal studies are needed to improve understanding of causal relations and stability of FP and FS; finally, studies involving observations to compare with self-report measures of FP and PS are also needed. Funding Sources CONICYT Becas Chile Grant number 72170608.

scholarly journals Magnitude of Sexual Behaviours Among College Students In The Eighth Macro-Region of Iran By Self-Reported and Network Scale-Up

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohadeseh Balvardi ◽  
Nasim Dehdashti ◽  
Zahra Imani Ghoghary ◽  
Fatemeh Alavi-Arjas ◽  
Mojtaba Keikha
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Heterosexual Intercourse ◽  
Network Scale ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background This study was designed to directly and indirectly estimate the prevalence of sexual behaviors among students of medical science universities in the eighth Macro- region of Iran. Methods This cross-sectional study was performed on 3900 students from Kerman and Sistan and Baluchestan provinces in 2019. The data were collected using direct (i.e., self-report of their own behaviors) and indirect (NSU: Network scale-up) methods. Results The mean (SD) age of students was 22.45 (3.25). The prevalence of heterosexual intercourse in return for money, extramarital heterosexual intercourse, masturbation, sexting, porn watching, homosexuality and abortion based on NSU method was 6.0%, 8.5%, 19.5%, 9.1%, 22.9%, 2.4% and 0.5% respectively. Corresponding figures of the direct method were 5.7%, 5.8% 18.6%, 9.7%, 23.1%, 2.1% and 0.9% respectively. Conclusion Sexual behaviors like porn watching, masturbation and sexting can harm the youth, family and society. The youth should be given training to correctly react to sexual situations.

scholarly journals Help-Seeking on Facebook Versus More Traditional Sources of Help: Cross-Sectional Survey of Military Veterans (Preprint)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan R Teo ◽  
Heather E Marsh ◽  
Samuel B L Liebow ◽  
Jason I Chen ◽  
Christopher W Forsberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Military Veterans ◽  
Emotional Problems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Current Form

BACKGROUND The media has devoted significant attention to anecdotes of individuals who post messages on Facebook prior to suicide. However, it is unclear to what extent social media is perceived as a source of help or how it compares to other sources of potential support for mental health problems. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the degree to which military veterans with depression use social media for help-seeking in comparison to other more traditional sources of help. METHODS Cross-sectional self-report survey of 270 adult military veterans with probable major depression. Help-seeking intentions were measured with a modified General Help-Seeking Questionnaire. Facebook users and nonusers were compared via t tests, Chi-square, and mixed effects regression models. Associations between types of help-seeking were examined using mixed effects models. RESULTS The majority of participants were users of social media, primarily Facebook (n=162). Mean overall help-seeking intentions were similar between Facebook users and nonusers, even after adjustment for potential confounders. Facebook users were very unlikely to turn to Facebook as a venue for support when experiencing either emotional problems or suicidal thoughts. Compared to help-seeking intentions for Facebook, help-seeking intentions for formal (eg, psychologists), informal (eg, friends), or phone helpline sources of support were significantly higher. Results did not substantially change when examining users of other social media, women, or younger adults. CONCLUSIONS In its current form, the social media platform Facebook is not seen as a venue to seek help for emotional problems or suicidality among veterans with major depression in the United States.

The Prevalence of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Chile: A Nationwide Study Performed as Part of the National Health Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 951-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josefina Durán ◽  
Loreto Massardo ◽  
Carolina Llanos ◽  
Sergio Iacobelli ◽  
Paula I. Burgos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Latin American ◽  
National Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Population Based ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study

Objective.Genetic and environmental backgrounds influence the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In Latin America, epidemiologic data are scarce. We aimed to determine the prevalence of RA in Chile in a population-based study.Methods.The National Health Survey was a cross-sectional household survey with a stratified multistage probability sample of 6233 participants performed between August 2016 and March 2017. A screening instrument for RA was applied to a random sample of 3847 subjects > 30 years old. Positive screening was defined by at least 1 of the following: 2 swollen joints for at least 4 consecutive weeks (past/present), and/or a diagnosis of arthritis in the past. Individuals with positive screening had rheumatoid factor, anticitrullinated protein antibodies, and C-reactive protein measured, as well as clinical examination performed by a rheumatologist. Self-report of doctor-diagnosed RA was also performed.Results.The screening questionnaire was applied to 2998 subjects. A positive screening was found for 783 (22.1%). Among subjects with positive screening, 493 (66%) had a clinical evaluation performed by a rheumatologist. Using the American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism 2010 classification criteria, prevalence was 0.6% (95% CI 0.3–1.2). Prevalence was higher in women, and 3.3% of subjects self-reported having RA.Conclusion.According to this national population-based study, RA prevalence in Chile is 0.6% (0.3–1.2), a value similar to what has been found in developed countries and slightly lower than some Latin American countries. Self-reporting leads to overestimating RA.

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