The DiViSA’s Predictive Validity by Age: An Objective Online Test of Attention

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Santacreu ◽  
M. A. Quiroga
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Validity ◽  
School Achievement ◽  
Attention Problems ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Typical Development ◽  
Commission Errors ◽  
Online Test ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Task Organization

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to analyze the DiViSA’s predictive validity in school-age children. To do so, two groups of school-age children were compared: one with low school achievement (N = 1,174), and one with typical development (N = 1,426). The obtained results show that: (1) in all grades, children with poor school performance exhibited lower levels of attention and task organization, greater hastiness, and made more commission errors; (2) the combination of variables that best differentiated between groups was not the same in all grades; (3) level of organization improved with age in the low-school-achievement group, and did not in the typical-development group; (4) the data regarding sensitivity (81% to 93%) and specificity (79% to 90%), for the first time computed for each grade separately, support the test’s predictive validity in the grades we evaluated. The discussion focuses on the DiViSA test’s usefulness in diagnosing attention problems. It is the first computerized test to include separate scores for: (a) how children complete the task (organization) and (2) the source of their errors (distraction or hastiness).

Are there anthropometric and body composition differences between children with autism spectrum disorder and children with typical development? Analysis by age and spectrum severity in a school population

Autism ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 136236132098772
Author(s):  
Patricia Esteban-Figuerola ◽  
Paula Morales-Hidalgo ◽  
Victoria Arija-Val ◽  
Josefa Canals-Sans
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Typical Development ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Waist Height Ratio

Overweight and obesity have been reported to be more prevalent in populations with autism spectrum disorder than in children with typical development. The aim of this study was to compare the anthropometric status of children with autism spectrum disorder (diagnosed and subclinical) and children with typical development and analyse which variables can affect the anthropometric and health status of children with autism spectrum disorder. We present a two-phase epidemiological study in a school population of two age groups which assesses autism spectrum disorder diagnosis, anthropometric data and bioelectrical impedance analysis. From an initial sample of 3,713 children, 79 with autism spectrum disorder, 42 with subclinical autism spectrum disorder and 350 with typical development participated in the study. Pre-schoolers with autism spectrum disorder were taller than pre-schoolers with typical development. School-age children with autism spectrum disorder showed a significantly higher body mass index and rate of overweight/obesity than children with typical development (63.4% vs 46.3%). No significant differences were found for bioelectrical impedance analysis, but school-age children with autism spectrum disorder showed a significantly higher waist circumference, waist/height ratio and cardiovascular risk than children with typical development. The quality of the diet was lower in children with autism spectrum disorder than in children with typical development. Multiple regression analyses showed that having autism spectrum disorder and internalizing psychological problems were associated with waist/height ratio and high cardiovascular risk in school-age children. Lay abstract This study makes a comparison between the growth status of pre-school and school-age children with autism spectrum disorder and typical development children. Pre-schoolers with autism spectrum disorder were taller than children with typical development. School-age children with autism spectrum disorder were more overweight/obese, had more body fat and a greater waist circumference and waist/height ratio than children with typical development. The presence of autism spectrum disorder and internalizing problems was associated with cardiovascular risk in school-age children.

Deficient Emotional Self-Regulation in Preschoolers With ADHD: Identification, Comorbidity, and Interpersonal Functioning

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 887-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Grazia Melegari ◽  
Roberto Sacco ◽  
Barbara Manzi ◽  
Elena Vittori ◽  
Antonio M. Persico
Keyword(s):  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Attention Problems ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Interpersonal Functioning ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Psychiatric Interview

Objective: This study aims to develop an age-adjusted Child Behavior Checklist- (CBCL) and Teacher Report Form (TRF)-based method for the detection of deficient emotional self-regulation (DESR) in preschoolers with ADHD and to assess its incidence, comorbidities, and consequences on interpersonal functioning. Method: Eighty-six ADHD preschoolers and 104 controls were assessed using CBCL, TRF/1½ to 5, Psychiatric Interview With Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment, Leiter-R, and ADHD rating scales. Results: Greatest sensitivity and specificity were obtained applying slightly lower threshold scores compared with school-age children (CBCL: Anxiety/Depression [A/D] ≥ 59, Attention Problems [AP] ≥ 60, Aggression Behaviors [AB] ≥ 58; TRF: A/D ≥ 59, AP ≥ 60, AB ≥ 60). DESR was detected in 33/86 (38.4%) and in 16/54 (29.6%) ADHD preschoolers versus 2/104 (1.9%) controls using CBCL and TRF, respectively. DESR is associated with significantly greater comorbidity and impairment in interpersonal functioning. Conclusion: Among ADHD preschoolers, DESR (a) requires lower CBCL and TRF threshold scores for detection, compared with school-age children, (b) displays similar incidence rates, and (c) is associated with enhanced psychiatric comorbidity and interpersonal difficulties.

Psychosocial Maturity and School Achievement in Chinese Children of School-Age

1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
School Achievement ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
School Students ◽  
Psychosocial Maturity ◽  
Developmental Domains ◽  
Analysis Scale

The relationship between Eriksonian psychosocial maturity, measured by three sets of content analysis scales, and school achievement was examined in school-age children in the People's Republic of China. Primary and high school students ( N = 360) with equal numbers of boys and girls participated. A standard open-ended interview was used to collect verbalizations which then were transcribed and analysed by the Content Analysis Scale of Psychosocial Maturity, the Sociality Scales, and the Pawn and Origin Scales. School achievement, as measured by ordinary school examinations, was not linked with any of these psychological measures. The differences in measurement and the characteristics of Chinese culture might account for the findings, but blind scoring is advised. The implications of the independent developmental domains of psychosocial maturity and school achievement were discussed.

Health Risks and Outcomes of Homelessness in School-Age Children and Youth: A Scoping Review of the Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura E. Gultekin ◽  
Barbara L. Brush ◽  
Emily Ginier ◽  
Alexandra Cordom ◽  
Elizabeth B. Dowdell
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
School Achievement ◽  
Well Being ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Children Health ◽  
Health And Well Being

Despite reports that over 1.3 million school-age children (ages 5–18) were homeless in 2019, little is known about the effects of homelessness on their overall health and well-being. To better understand where gaps exist, a scoping review of the literature was conducted to identify studies of the physical, mental, and behavioral health risks and outcomes of school-age children experiencing homelessness or housing instability. Following the Joanna Briggs Institute framework and Preferred Reporting Items (PRISMA) guidelines, seven electronic databases were searched using key words: homelessness, children, health, and well-being. Of the 4,372 records, 23 articles met inclusion criteria. Most examined mental health and high-risk activities or behavioral risks related to school achievement. Few studies tracked the long-term health outcomes of homeless school-age children. Findings have implications for school nurses who have contact with children experiencing homelessness and are in position to intervene to prevent negative health sequelae in this vulnerable population.

A Therapeutic Technique for the Improvement of Lingua-Alveolar Valving Abilities

1978 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Paul Dworkin
Keyword(s):  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Bite Block ◽  
Therapeutic Technique ◽  
Remedial Program

This study was designed to determine if a remedial program using a bite-block device could inhibit hypermandibular activity (HMA) and thereby improve the lingua-alveolar valving (LAV) abilities of four school-age children who demonstrated multiple lingua-alveolar (LA) phonemic errors. The results revealed significant improvements in LAV and LA phoneme articulatory skills in all of the children who used the bite-block device to reduce HMA subsequent to comprehensive training sessions.

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