Perceived Self-efficacy during an Emergency Situation Reduces Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Saccinto ◽  
Lola Vallès ◽  
Ed Hilterman ◽  
Malin Roiha ◽  
Luca Pietrantoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis study investigates if perceived self-efficacy during an emergency situation has a protective role in the development of posttraumatic stress symptoms among Italian and Spanish survivors of several emergency situations. We explored the impact of self-efficacy in a multiple regression model including other predictors of posttraumatic stress symptoms, such as emergency prevention knowledge; trust in emergency services; risk perception of becoming a victim of an emergency situation; and conscious and active behaviors in comparison with no conscious and no active behavior during the emergency. We carried out a retrospective study recruiting 214 participants who reported their experience as victims of one specific emergency event. Results showed that survivors who perceived themselves as more self-efficacious during the traumatic event had less posttraumatic stress symptoms. In contrast, female gender, more self-threat perception and higher trauma severity were associated with more symptoms. Findings contribute to better understand human behavior in emergency situations and evidence the protective role of perceived self-efficacy beliefs among survivors of emergency situations.

scholarly journals Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Among Polyvictimized Women in the Colombian Armed Conflict: The Mediating Role of Social Acknowledgment

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis González-Castro ◽  
Silvia Ubillos-Landa ◽  
Alicia Puente-Martínez ◽  
Marcela Gracia-Leiva ◽  
Gina Marcela Arias-Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Impact

For decades, in a situation of armed conflict in Colombia, women have suffered polyvictimization and discrimination with severe consequences that last even during the post-war peace process. This study analyzes the impact on posttraumatic stress and recovery of war-related violence against women, discrimination, and social acknowledgment. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019–2020. Participants were 148 women with a mean age of 47.66years (range 18–83), contacted through the NGO Ruta Pacifica de las Mujeres who had experienced significant personal violence. Results show that levels of perceived discrimination and lack of social acknowledgment are mediators in the relationship between polyvictimization and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Recognition by significant others, disapproval by family and the larger social milieu affects different posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) dimensions and therefore how these women adapt to the effects of trauma. Findings provide strong evidence that the way society and family treats women after a traumatic event affects how the victim recovers from this event. Recognition as a victim and disapproval can coexist and be a burden for women if not adequately addressed. Results stress the importance of understanding and intervening in PTSD recovery through the analysis of social processes, and not only through and individual focus.

Coping Self-Efficacy, Dissociation, and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Following Injury

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle D. Malluche ◽  
Kent F. Burnett ◽  
David Victorson ◽  
Lorie S. Farmer ◽  
Vicki L. Burns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms ◽  
Stress Symptoms

Social engagement, self‐efficacy, and posttraumatic stress symptoms across 6 months of psychotherapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-77
Author(s):  
Kotaro Shoji ◽  
Andrew J. Smith ◽  
Riko Sano ◽  
Kristin W. Samuelson ◽  
Charles C. Benight
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms ◽  
Stress Symptoms

Beyond Trauma Exposure: Discrimination and Posttraumatic Stress, Internalizing, and Externalizing Problems Among Detained Youth

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052092631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucybel Mendez ◽  
Michaela M. Mozley ◽  
Patricia K. Kerig
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Problems ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Externalizing And Internalizing Problems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

According to the race-based traumatic stress model, racial discrimination is proposed to comprise a traumatic experience that results in posttraumatic stress symptoms, as well as internalizing and externalizing problems among youth. Accordingly, a significant body of research has emerged that supports the associations among these constructs. However, the majority of these empirical studies have not accounted for the potential role of traditionally defined traumatic events in these associations. This study investigated whether self-reported racial discrimination was related to posttraumatic stress symptoms, internalizing, and externalizing symptoms above and beyond the impact of other trauma exposures in a sample of 266 detained youth (79% boys, 60% identified as an ethnic minority). Results of hierarchical linear regressions demonstrated that, after accounting for youths’ other trauma exposures, racial discrimination accounted for significant variance in the models predicting delinquency and risk-taking but no other externalizing and internalizing problems, or posttraumatic stress symptoms. These findings indicate that racial discrimination may be particularly important for understanding offending behavior among detained youth.

The Impact of Internet Coverage of the March 2011 Japan Earthquake on Sleep and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms: An International Perspective

2012 ◽  
Vol 169 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Bui ◽  
Rachel F. Rodgers ◽  
Christophe Herbert ◽  
Debra L. Franko ◽  
Naomi M. Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
The Impact

Effect of a group intervention for children and their parents who have cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 575-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariko Kobayashi ◽  
Sue P. Heiney ◽  
Kaori Osawa ◽  
Miwa Ozawa ◽  
Eisuke Matsushima
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Group Intervention ◽  
The United States ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Children And Parents ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTObjective:Although support programs for children whose parents have cancer have been described and evaluated, formal research has not been conducted to document outcomes. We adapted a group intervention called CLIMB®, originally developed in the United States, and implemented it in Tokyo, Japan, for school-aged children and their parents with cancer. The purpose of this exploratory pilot study was to examine the feasibility, acceptability, and impact of the Japanese version of the CLIMB® Program on children's stress and parents' quality of life and psychosocial distress.Methods:We enrolled children and parents in six waves of replicate sets for the six-week group intervention. A total of 24 parents (23 mothers and 1 father) diagnosed with cancer and 38 school-aged children (27 girls and 11 boys) participated in our study. Intervention fidelity, including parent and child satisfaction with the program, was examined. The impact of the program was analyzed using a quasiexperimental within-subject design comparing pre- and posttest assessments of children and parents in separate analyses.Results:Both children and parents experienced high levels of satisfaction with the program. Children's posttraumatic stress symptoms related to a parent's illness decreased after the intervention as measured by the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder–Reaction Index. No difference was found in children's psychosocial stress. The Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy scores indicated that parents' quality of life improved after the intervention in all domains except for physical well-being. However, no differences were found in parents' psychological distress and posttraumatic stress symptoms.Significance of results:Our results suggest that the group intervention using the CLIMB® Program relieved children's posttraumatic stress symptoms and improved parents' quality of life. The intervention proved the feasibility of delivering the program using manuals and training. Further research is needed to provide more substantiation for the benefits of the program.

Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in a Population of Rural Children in South Africa

1999 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 646-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Peltzer
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Loved One ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Age Range

The purpose of the study was to identify exposure to experiences such as violence and the consequences for health in children in a rural South African community. The stratified random sample included 148 children below 17 yr., which comprised 68 (46%) boys and 80 (54%) girls in the age range of 6 to 16 years ( M = 12.1 yr., SD = 3.1). Their ethnicity was Northern Sotho. The interviews included the Children's Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Inventory and the Reporting Questionnaire for Children. The experiences could be grouped into either traumatic or other events. 99 (67%) had directly or vicariously experienced a traumatic event which included witnessing someone killed or seriously injured, serious accident, violent or very unexpected death or suicide of loved one, sexual abuse or rape of relative or friend, violent crime, child abuse, and other life-threatening situations. Scores on the Children's Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Inventory of 17 (8.4%) fulfilled the criterion for posttraumatic stress disorder. 71% had more than one score and 53% had more than four scores on the Reporting Questionnaire for Children. Posttraumatic stress symptoms were significantly related to age and experiences such as those mentioned above.

The Association Between Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Anxiety Sensitivity in a College Sample

2020 ◽  
pp. 003329412094822
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Caulfield ◽  
Rachel L. Martin ◽  
Aaron M. Norr ◽  
Daniel W. Capron
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Anxiety Sensitivity ◽  
Ptsd Symptom ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Symptom Clusters ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Stress Symptoms

Background/Objectives One-half of all U.S. adults will experience at least one traumatic event, and of those, approximately 11% develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Despite efficacious treatments for PTSD, one-third of people diagnosed still express symptoms after treatment.Thus, it is important to identify underlying factors that may be associated with PTSD symptom clusters to improve treatment efficacy. One potential factor is anxiety sensitivity (AS), or “the fear of fear,” and includes three different subfactors: physical, cognitive, and social concerns, yet few studies have examined this association using the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3. Method Participants included 65 undergraduate students from a Southeastern University who were elevated on anxiety sensitivity cognitive concerns and experienced at least one traumatic event. Participants completed measures of trauma exposure, anxiety sensitivity, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and suicidal ideation. Results Results revealed that AS physical symptoms had the most robust association with potential PTSD symptoms and individual PTSD symptom clusters with the exception of the avoidance and numbing cluster Conclusions These findings may help clarify the nature of the relationship between PTSD symptoms and AS using the most updated measure of AS (ASI-3).

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