An Integrative Study of Autobiographical Memory for Positive and Negative Experiences

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvira García-Bajos ◽  
Malen Migueles
Keyword(s):  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Childhood Memories ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Integrative Study ◽  
Positive Experiences ◽  
Emotional Level

AbstractIn this study we examined autobiographical memory for emotional experiences from an integrative perspective, analyzing nature, distribution, content and phenomenological assessment of the experiences. Undergraduate students produced positive or negative life experiences, dated them and indicated their emotional level. Afterwards, they chose an experience to narrate, and rated their memory for the experience. The positive and negative experiences were grouped into 14 categories, although most of them fell into four areas: studies, family, friends and couple. The number of positive and negative experiences progressively increased from very few childhood memories to a larger percentage of more recent events. The distribution was equivalent, except during adolescence, in which a greater number of negative than positive experiences were recorded. The negative narratives included more emotional details, references to cognitive processes, mental rehearsal and justifications than the positive narratives. But the positive experiences obtained higher ratings in vividness and sensorial details than the negative experiences.

scholarly journals Experiences and Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Students and Academics in Health Care Education in Universiti Brunei Darussalam

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fazean Idris ◽  
Ihsan Zulkipli ◽  
Khadizah Abdul Mumin ◽  
Rohaiza Ahmad ◽  
Shahid Mitha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Online Teaching ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Academic Staff ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
Positive Experiences

Abstract Background: In keeping with nation-wide efforts to contain the spread of COVID-19, Universiti Brunei Darussalam (UBD) made the move towards online teaching to ensure students continue to receive their education while minimizing the risks of exposure and community spread of COVID-19. We investigated teaching and learning experiences, physical and mental health of undergraduate students and academic staff during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on undergraduate students and academic staff in a health science faculty using a self-developed pretested questionnaire through anonymous online data collection method.Results: 56 academics (100% response rate) and 279 students (83.3% response rate) participated. The positive experiences as reported by students include: becoming independent (72.8%), adapting to online learning (67.4%) and sudden changes (62.0%), learning to manage scheduling (58.8%), and being self-motivated (57.7%); while academics’ positive experiences included new teaching techniques (50.0%), flexible schedules (50.0%), remote teaching (48.2%) and improved teaching tools (46.4%). Students reported negative experiences as being distracted at home (72.0%), feeling of uncertainty with regards to examinations (66.7%), and getting a slow response from lecturers (55.6%). With regards to health, both students and academics reported stress, anxiety, loneliness, back problems, and eye strain.Conclusion: In this challenging period towards an abrupt shift to online teaching, students and academic staff of UBD identified both positive and negative experiences including the impact on their physical and mental health. Our findings are important to provide the evidence for online pedagogical benefits and can serve to promote the enhancement and adaptation of digital technology in education. Our findings also aim to promote the importance of addressing physical and mental health issues of the university community’s well-being through provision of emotional and mental health support and appropriate programs.

scholarly journals Maximizing student experience in mathematics: Traditional tools versus digital technologies

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra Luckwell
Keyword(s):  
Student Learning ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Online Surveys ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Math Manipulatives ◽  
Hands On Learning ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
Positive Experiences

This study was created to find out the tools that encourage and maximize student learning in mathematics, what causes positive and negative experiences in mathematics, and can any of these tools and experiences be replaced by digital technologies. I gathered an assortment of information through online surveys, interviews and field notes. My main findings showed that most people think that math manipulatives, direct teaching, and hands on learning were very important to their learning and help to decrease negative experiences in math. Furthermore, positive experiences were created through teacher feedback and encouragement and when students could relate what they were learning to their life experiences. My findings show that teachers need to be a positive model and create positive experiences for students. Moreover, teachers need to use traditional hands on tools for students and then use digital technologies as an assistive tool for further clarification and understanding.

Planting False Childhood Memories: The Role of Event Plausibility

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 437-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy Pezdek ◽  
Kimberly Finger ◽  
Dandle Hodge
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Childhood Memories ◽  
School Students ◽  
Catholic High School ◽  
Jewish Ritual ◽  
False Event ◽  
Event Plausibility

Two experiments tested and confirmed the hypothesis that events will be suggestively planted in memory to the degree that they are plausible and script-relevant knowledge exists in memory In Experiment 1, 22 Jewish and 29 Catholic high school students were read descriptions of three true events and two false events reported to have occurred when they were 8 years old One false event described a Jewish ritual, and one described a Catholic ritual Results for the false events showed the predicted asymmetry Whereas 7 Catholics but 0 Jews remembered only the Catholic false event, 3 Jews but only 1 Catholic remembered only the Jewish false event Two subjects recalled both events In Experiment 2 20 confederates read descriptions of one true event and two false events to a younger sibling or close relative The more plausible false event described the relative being lost in a mall while shopping the less plausible false event described the relative receiving an enema Three events were falselv remembered, all were the more plausible event We conclude by outlining a framework that specifies the cognitive processes underlying suggestively planting false events in memory

Elicitation of “Childhood Memories” in Hypnosis-Like Settings is Associated with Complex Partial Epileptic-Like Signs for Women but Not for Men: Implications for the False Memory Syndrome

1994 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 643-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Persinger
Keyword(s):  
False Memory ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Sensory Deprivation ◽  
Gender Effect ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Pulsed Magnetic Fields ◽  
Childhood Memories ◽  
Subjective Experiences ◽  
Female Undergraduate ◽  
False Memory Syndrome

20 male and 20 female undergraduate students were exposed singly for 20 min. to an exotic setting (partial sensory deprivation and weak, bilateral trans-temporal pulsed magnetic fields) that enhances relaxation and exotic experiences. The numerical incidence of subjective experiences described as old memories, dreams, emotions, or vestibular sensations did not differ significantly between the sexes; however, women who reported a greater prevalence of preexperimental complex partial epileptic-like signs were more likely to report experiences of “old memories” ( r = 0.61) while men who exhibited these signs were more likely to report dream-like ( r = 0.49) experiences. Because complex partial epileptic-like signs are positively associated with suggestibility, the potential contribution of this differential gender effect to the etiology of the False Memory Syndrome requires further investigation.

The Euphoric Sensations of Cigarettes: Exploring How Operant Conditioning May Be the Missing Link in the Theoretical Understanding of Antidrug Policies

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-502
Author(s):  
Elizabeth L. Borkowski ◽  
Wanda E. Leal
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Operant Conditioning ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Add Health ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Drug Policies ◽  
Positive Experiences

This study aims to examine how positive and negative reinforcers during an individual’s first few cigarettes (cigarette initiation experiences) are associated with adulthood smoking behavior. Respondents from the Add Health were asked about subjective feelings during their first few cigarettes. Using ordinary least squares (OLS) and logistic regression, we examine the differential effects of positive and negative cigarette initiation experiences on 30-day cigarette use in adulthood and lifetime nicotine dependence. The results indicate that all measures of positive cigarette initiation experiences are positively associated with both cigarette measures; however, the opposite is not true of negative cigarette initiation experiences. The results highlight the misconceptions of antidrug policies aimed at punishment of users, by indicating that positive experiences influence later cigarette use more than negative experiences. These findings suggest that drug policies and initiatives aimed at punishment may be misguided and could benefit from adopting operant conditioning concepts that emphasize reinforcements.

scholarly journals Biased evaluations emerge from inferring hidden causes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeon Soon Shin ◽  
Yael Niv
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Negativity Bias ◽  
Inference Process ◽  
Inference Model ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Environmental Statistics ◽  
Model Average ◽  
Positive Experiences

How do we evaluate a group of people after having positive experiences with some members and negative experiences with others? In particular, how do rare experiences with members who stand out (e.g., negative experiences when most are positive) influence the overall impression we have of the group? Here, we show that such rare events may be overweighted due to normative inference of the hidden, or latent, causes that are believed to generate the observed events. We propose a Bayesian latent-cause inference model that learns environmental statistics by combining highly similar events together and separating rare or highly variable observations. The model predicts that group evaluations that rely on averaging inferred latent causes will overweight variable events. We empirically tested these model-derived predictions in four decision-making experiments, where subjects observed a sequence of social (Exp 1 to 3) or non-social (Exp 4) behaviors and were subsequently asked to estimate the average of observed values. As predicted by our latent-cause model, average estimation was biased toward rare and highly variable events when observing social behaviors. We then showed that tracking of a single summary value, instead of parsing events into distinct latent causes, eliminates the bias. These results suggest that biases in evaluations of social groups, such as negativity bias, may arise from the causal inference process of the group.

OPERATION TOKHANG ENFORCEMENT: SENTIMENTS AND DILEMMAS AMONG DRUG-USER SURRENDEREES IN BRGY SINAWILAN, DIGOS CITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-180
Author(s):  
Jonel Mark Daligdig Sarno ◽  
Jories F. Baluran ◽  
Alsan Lorie P. Santillan ◽  
Roweno B. Gamban
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Drug User ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Sport Activity ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Motivation To Change ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Positive Experiences

The researchers conducted this study to unveil the experiences, the motivation to change their lives and the coping mechanisms of the drug-user surrenderees. A qualitative research method employed in the conduct of the study. The researchers personally made an inter-view questionnaire to 10 participants but only 8 participants came, which are the drug-user surrenderees in Brgy. Sinawilan, Digos City. The results are summarized according to the themes that were drawn from the participants’ responses and these are followed: Positive Experiences, Negative Experiences, Acceptance, Faith and Hope and Advantages of OPLAN Tokhang. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers recommended by giving spiritual practices and rehabilitation to discover the life beyond delinquency and to enlighten them. Giving livelihood program can help them survive in their daily living and it gives benefits to their family. Lastly, giving them a sport activity so that the attention of the surrenderees be redirected and be comforted. The drug-user surrenderees should be active in participating such activities for them to have more knowledge and able to apply in their daily activities in life.

“The secret to happiness may be unhappiness”

Propelled ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Andreas Elpidorou
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Good Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Good Life ◽  
Philosophical Literature ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Emotional Adaptation ◽  
Positive Experiences ◽  
Conception Of The Good

The chapter explores the nature of the good life, articulates the role that happiness, pleasure, and positive emotions play in such a life, and considers the effects of emotional adaptation and emotional diversity on our well-being. By drawing upon both philosophical literature and research in social psychology and cognitive neuroscience, it argues for a broad conception of the good life, one that does not identify the good life simply with the presence of positive experiences and the absence of negative ones. The chapter shows not only that negative experiences aren’t detrimental to our well-being, but that they are often necessary to achieve it.

scholarly journals Citizens’ and Farmers’ Framing of ‘Positive Animal Welfare’ and the Implications for Framing Positive Welfare in Communication

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belinda Vigors
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Qualitative Interview Study ◽  
Positive Experiences ◽  
Existing Frames ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Positive Animal

Human perception can depend on how an individual frames information in thought and how information is framed in communication. For example, framing something positively, instead of negatively, can change an individual’s response. This is of relevance to ‘positive animal welfare’, which places greater emphasis on farm animals being provided with opportunities for positive experiences. However, little is known about how this framing of animal welfare may influence the perception of key animal welfare stakeholders. Through a qualitative interview study with farmers and citizens, undertaken in Scotland, UK, this paper explores what positive animal welfare evokes to these key welfare stakeholders and highlights the implications of such internal frames for effectively communicating positive welfare in society. Results indicate that citizens make sense of positive welfare by contrasting positive and negative aspects of welfare, and thus frame it as animals having ‘positive experiences’ or being ‘free from negative experiences’. Farmers draw from their existing frames of animal welfare to frame positive welfare as ‘good husbandry’, ‘proactive welfare improvement’ or the ‘animal’s point of view’. Implications of such internal frames (e.g., the triggering of ‘negative welfare’ associations by the word ‘positive’) for the effective communication of positive welfare are also presented.

LOVE STYLES AND ROMANTIC LOVE EXPERIENCES IN JAPAN

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Kanemasa ◽  
Junichi Taniguchi ◽  
Ikuo Daibo ◽  
Masanori Ishimori
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Romantic Love ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Love Styles ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Positive Feelings ◽  
Negative Feelings ◽  
The Relationship

This research investigated the relationship between the six love styles based on Lee's theory (1973) and several romantic experiences, such as emotional experiences, self-perceptions, and partner's impressions. The subjects were 343 undergraduate students. The main results were as follows: Eros was positively related to positive feelings and positive self-perceptions. Mania and Agape showed similar patterns of emotional experiences, but Agape was distinguished from Mania in that agapic individuals thought of themselves as kind in romantic relationships. Pragma and Ludus were positively related to negative feelings in romantic relationships, and, in addition, Ludus was negatively correlated with partner's attractiveness. These results mostly provided support for Lee's theory and the conceptual validity of the six love styles.

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