Discriminant Profile of Young Adulthood Driving Behavior among Brazilian Drivers

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Maria Dotta-Panichi ◽  
Adriana Wagner ◽  
Jorge Castellá Sarriera
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Driving Behavior ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Driving Under The Influence ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Traffic Tickets

AbstractThe aim of this article was to describe the driving behavior profile of drivers aged 18 to 25 years old. Four hundred young adults were interviewed, 320 (80%) of them male and 80 (20%) female. Cluster analysis identified a group characterized by sensation-seeking behavior (Cluster 1), a group that did not show any risky driving behavior (Cluster 2), and a group engaged in transgressive behavior and driving under the influence of alcohol and/or drugs (Cluster 3). Discriminant analysis classified successfully and correctly 81.3% of the young adults into their original profiles. Function 1 distinguished cluster 1 from clusters 2 and 3, on the basis of the following factors: higher frequency of alcohol consumption, intrusive behavior, and motorcycle riding, as well as younger age, more aggressive behavior, and lower education level. Function 2 distinguished cluster 3 from cluster 1 and 2, especially as to higher amounts of alcohol consumption, higher frequency of marijuana use and delinquent behavior, larger number of traffic tickets and motor vehicle accidents, higher paternal education level, which were the variables with discriminant values above .20. Characteristics of vulnerability were identified, especially those related to alcohol consumption, drug use, and externalizing issues.

Predicting Alcohol-Impaired Driving among Spanish Youth with the Theory of Reasoned Action

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
José P. Espada ◽  
Kenneth W. Griffin ◽  
María T. Gonzálvez ◽  
Mireia Orgilés
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Theory Of Reasoned Action ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Reasoned Action ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Driving Under The Influence ◽  
Impaired Driving ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Young Drivers ◽  
Alcohol Impaired Driving

AbstractAlcohol consumption is a risk factor for motor vehicle accidents in young drivers. Crashes associated with alcohol consumption typically have greater severity. This study examines the prevalence of driving under the influence among Spanish youth and tests the theory of reasoned action as a model for predicting driving under the influence. Participants included 478 Spanish university students aged 17–26 years. Findings indicated that alcohol was the substance most associated with impaired driving, and was involved in more traffic crashes. Men engage in higher levels of alcohol and other drug use, and perceived less risk in drunk driving (p < .01). The study confirms that alcohol use and driving under the influence of alcohol are highly prevalent in Spanish young people, and some gender differences exist in these behaviors (p < .01). Furthermore, the study confirms the validity of theory of reasoned action as a predictive model of driving under the influence of alcohol among youth in Spain (p < .001) and can help in the design of prevention programs.

scholarly journals The Effect of Alcohol Consumption on Mortality: Regression Discontinuity Evidence from the Minimum Drinking Age

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Carpenter ◽  
Carlos Dobkin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Regression Discontinuity ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Regression Discontinuity Design ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Percent Increase ◽  
Drinking Age

We estimate the effect of alcohol consumption on mortality using the minimum drinking age in a regression discontinuity design. We find large and immediate increases in drinking at age 21, including a 21 percent increase in recent drinking days. We also find a discrete 9 percent increase in the mortality rate at age 21, primarily due to motor vehicle accidents, alcohol-related deaths, and suicides. We estimate a 10 percent increase in the number of drinking days for young adults results in a 4.3 percent increase in mortality. Our results suggest policies that reduce drinking among young adults can have substantial public health benefits. (JEL I12, I18)

Sex differences in the association between impulsivity and driving under the influence of alcohol in young adults: The specific role of sensation seeking

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 174-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan F. Navas ◽  
Cristina Martín-Pérez ◽  
Dafina Petrova ◽  
Antonio Verdejo-García ◽  
Marta Cano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Specific Role ◽  
Driving Under The Influence

The Effects of Cannabis Use on the Development of Adolescents and Young Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 461-483
Author(s):  
Wayne Hall ◽  
Janni Leung ◽  
Michael Lynskey
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Occupational Choice ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Vehicle Accidents

This review summarizes evidence on the effects of cannabis use on the development of adolescents and young adults. It draws on epidemiological studies, neuroimaging studies, case-control studies, and twin and Mendelian randomization studies. The acute risks include psychiatric symptoms associated with the use of high THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) products and motor vehicle accidents. Daily cannabis use during adolescence is associated with cannabis dependence and poor cognitive function, which may affect educational attainment and occupational choice. Daily use of highly potent cannabis is associated with more severe psychological symptoms, such as psychoses, mania, and suicidality. There are more mixed findings on depressive symptoms, anxiety, and violence and debates about the interpretation of these associations. Legalization of adult cannabis use may increase cannabis use and dependence among adolescents and young adults. The regulation of cannabis after legalization needs to minimize adolescent uptake and cannabis-related adverse developmental outcomes.

Driving Under the Influence, Public Policy, and Pharmacy Practice

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Sigona ◽  
Karl G. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
The Body ◽  
Driving Under The Influence ◽  
Mood Stabilizers ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Impaired Driving ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Driving Impairment ◽  
Drug Impairment

Motor vehicle accidents due to prescription drug impairment have increased in the past decade. Typically, impairment is associated with medications causing excessive drowsiness, such as opioids or benzodiazepines, but the scope of driving under the influence (DUI)-drug charges is reaching into medications that are not typically considered impairing, such as antipsychotics, antiepileptics, and mood stabilizers. Data associating medication use with driving impairment are growing, especially with agents not typically thought of as impairing. Forty-three states currently train drug recognition experts who employ a 12-step evaluation to detect the presence of drug impairment. Seventeen states have instituted “per se” laws, which make it illegal to drive with the presence of drugs or metabolites in the body. Pharmacists should recognize an ethical, professional, and perhaps legal responsibility to inform patients of the risk of impaired driving with prescription agents. Pharmacists should reconsider how they are counseling patients on medication impairment and lower their threshold for warning a patient of potential impairment, expanding to agents typically not thought of as impairing. Pharmacists are in a position to ensure that patients fully understand the risk of impaired driving and the potential for DUI prosecution.

Risky driving behaviour among the motorized two-wheeler novice riders in Davanagere city, Karnataka- Cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-136
Author(s):  
Nandini Venkatesh ◽  
Sumit Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Driving Behavior ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Risky Driving ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Driving Behaviour ◽  
Two Wheeler

Introduction-Road traffic accidents (RTA) account for more significant mortality and morbidity rates worldwide, resulting in considerable global burden. In Indi, motor vehicle accidents are one of the common reasons for mortality among young riders. The present study provides insight into different aspects of risky driving behavior from individual attitudes, and psychological factors like anger, mood, and emotions. Methodology- A cross-sectional study was conducted among college students; findings from this study say young males are more involved in risky driving behavior. Results- Number of males are involved in risky driving behaviour and mobile phone usage while riding is more significant the results focus on the role that risky driving behaviour plays in two-wheeler motor vehicle accidents and suggests the need for further research in this area of risky driving behaviour to improve road safety education and law enforcement policies that focus upon ensuring good driving behaviours.

scholarly journals Cannabis and Driving

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godfrey D. Pearlson ◽  
Michael C. Stevens ◽  
Deepak Cyril D'Souza
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Driving Under The Influence ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Alcohol Impaired Driving ◽  
Medicinal Cannabis ◽  
Time Courses

As more states in the U.S legalize recreational and medicinal cannabis, rates of driving under the influence of this drug are increasing significantly. Aspects of this emerging public health issue potentially pit science against public policy. The authors believe that the legal cart is currently significantly ahead of the scientific horse. Issues such as detection procedures for cannabis-impaired drivers, and use of blood THC levels to gauge impairment, should rely heavily on current scientific knowledge. However, there are many, often unacknowledged research gaps in these and related areas, that need to be addressed in order provide a more coherent basis for public policies. This review focuses especially on those areas. In this article we review in a focused manner, current information linking cannabis to motor vehicle accidents and examine patterns of cannabis-impairment of driving related behaviors, their time courses, relationship to cannabis dose and THC blood levels, and compare cannabis and alcohol-impaired driving patterns directly. This review also delves into questions of alcohol-cannabis combinations and addresses the basis for of per-se limits in cannabis driving convictions. Finally, we distinguish between areas where research has provided clear answers to the above questions, areas that remain unclear, and make recommendations to fill gaps in current knowledge.

scholarly journals Risky Lifestyles and Unintentional Firearms Fatalities

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-64
Author(s):  
Rick Ruddell ◽  
G. Larry Mays
Keyword(s):  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Occupational Injuries ◽  
State Level ◽  
Background Checks ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Public Health Model ◽  
Lifestyle Choices ◽  
Risky Lifestyles ◽  
Health Model

This state-level study departs from other investigations of unintentional firearms fatalities by examining the relationships between lifestyle choices, legislation, and accidental gun deaths. We find that the source of these deaths is very similar to those for unintentional fatalities from other mechanisms, such as motor vehicle accidents, residential fires, or occupational injuries. Unintentional mortality is consistently associated with state-level indicators of risky behavior, and to a lesser extent, inactivity. Moreover, we also examined the influences of child access prevention (safe storage), overall firearms laws, and background checks on firearms fatalities. Unlike previous research, we found that these legislative initiatives were not significantly associated with reductions in accidental shooting deaths. Our findings suggest that theories about unintentional fatalities will remain incomplete and harm reduction policies, including the public health model endorsed by many scholars, will not be fully effective if the role of risktaking and sensation-seeking behaviors as an important source of these tragedies is neglected.

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