Physically effectiveness of beet pulp in dairy cows 1: physical characteristics, ruminal kinetics of nutrients degradation, hydration, and functional specific gravity

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 215-215
Author(s):  
Teimouri Yansari Asadollah
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Particle Size Measurement ◽  
Effective Factor ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Kinetics Of

Some physical properties including particle size, functional specific gravity (FSG; Teimouri Yansari et al., 2004), hydration rate, water holding capacity (WHC) and ionion-cation exchange (Van Soest, 1994) influenced on physically effective factor (pef), but only particle size measurement is central to all effective fibre systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of three types of beet pulp (BP) on physical characteristics including bulk density, particle size, kinetics of hydration, FSG, WHC, and intrinsic osmotic pressure that measured usingin vitroandin situmethods.

scholarly journals Effects of lucerne particle size and source of dietary carbohydrates on in situ degradation and ruminal variables in sheep

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 277-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Asadi Alamouti ◽  
G.R. Ghorbani ◽  
M. Alikhani ◽  
H.R. Rahmani ◽  
A. Teimouri Yansari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Dietary Carbohydrates ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Degradation Rate Constant ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Feeding Diets ◽  
Kinetics Of

The effects of altering forage particle size and source of rapidly degradable carbohydrates on <I>in situ</I> degradation and ruminal variables were studied in four Iranian male sheep. The study was designed as a Latin square with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments including two carbohydrate sources (pelleted beet pulp vs. maize- and barley-based concentrate) and two lucerne particle sizes (2.38 vs. 0.94 mm). Kinetics of disappearance of lucerne, concentrates and mixed samples was studied <I>in situ</I>. Among feed samples, the degradation rate constant of lucerne dry matter was higher (<I>P</I> < 0.02) and disappearance of lucerne neutral detergent fibre (NDF) in 4 h of incubation was lower (<I>P</I> = 0.06) in diets with reduced particle size. The rapidly degradable fraction of lucerne samples was also affected by treatments. Other degradability components were not affected. The mean ruminal pH was lower in diets containing short hay than in those containing long hay (5.76 vs. 5.86, <I>P</I> < 0.006) and pH values were consistently lower immediately after feeding diets with short lucerne hay. The form of carbohydrates did not affect ruminal pH, however, altering the source of carbohydrates changed the pattern of pH over time. Total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration and proportions of individual VFA were similar but numerical differences indicated a lower acetate to propionate ratio in diets with short hay. Most of the affected variables were influenced by the particle size of forage to a larger extent than by the source of rapidly degradable carbohydrates or the interaction between them. So, when sheep diets contain no more than 250 g/kg starch, the source of dietary carbohydrates may not interact with forage particle size to affect DM degradability and ruminal fermentation.

Absorption of beta-casomorphins from autoperfused lamb and piglet small intestine

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (3) ◽  
pp. G443-G452 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Read ◽  
A. P. Lord ◽  
V. Brantl ◽  
G. Koch
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Gut Epithelium ◽  
Measured Absorption ◽  
Beta Casein ◽  
Kinetics Of

beta-Casomorphins (beta-CMs) derived from milk beta-casein may exert various opiate activities in milk-fed infants. To assess the physiological significance of beta-CMs as a source of circulating opioids in infants, we measured absorption rates of several beta-CMs under near-physiological conditions using in situ autoperfused lamb intestine. The naturally occurring beta-CMs, beta-CM-7 and beta-CM-4-amide, were absorbed readily into blood with no transfer into lymph. Uptake peaked within several minutes of the luminal infusion of peptide but then declined sharply and stopped within a further 10-15 min. The recovery in blood, intestinal contents, and tissue at the end of the 30-min experiment was less than 1% of the infused dose. The low recovery was due to rapid proteolysis based on in vitro studies that demonstrated half-lives of less than 5 min in lamb blood, luminal contents, and lymph. The synthetic dipeptidyl peptidase IV-resistant analogue beta-[D-Ala2]CM- 4-amide was stable during incubation in blood, lymph, or luminal contents and was absorbed into blood at rates that were maximal within several minutes and remained steady for the 30-min period. We conclude that although natural beta-CMs are transferred across the lamb small intestine, rapid degradation within the intestinal lumen, gut epithelium, and blood would prevent entry into the circulation under normal conditions. Val-beta-CM-7, a putative stable precursor, had similar stability and kinetics of absorption to beta-CM-7, results that exclude Val-beta-CM-7 as a stable precursor for delivery of beta-CMs to the circulation. Essentially identical results to those in lambs were obtained in 7-day-old piglets.

Changes in lipophosphoglycan and gene expression associated with the development ofLeishmania majorinPhlebotomus papatasi

Parasitology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. B. Saraiva ◽  
P. F. P. Pimenta ◽  
T. N. Brodin ◽  
E. Rowton ◽  
G. B. Modi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Expression ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Surface Expression ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Surface Coat ◽  
Natural Vector ◽  
Metacyclic Promastigotes ◽  
Kinetics Of

SUMMARYStage-specific molecular and morphogenic markers were used to follow the kinetics of appearance, number, and position of metacyclic promastigotes developing during the course ofL. majorinfection in a natural vector,Phlebotomus papatasi. Expression of surface lipophosphoglycan (LPG) on transformed promastigotes was delayed until the appearance of nectomonad forms on day 3, and continued to be abundantly expressed by all promastigotes thereafter. An epitope associate with arabinose substitution of LPG side-chain oligosaccharides, identified by its differential expression by metacyclics invitro, was detected on the surface of a low proportion of midgut promastigotes beginning on day 5, and on up to 60% of promatigotes on days 10 and 15. In contrast 100% of the parasites egested from the mouthparts during forced feeding of 15 day infected flies stained strongly for this epitope. At each time-point, the surface expression of the modified LPG was restricted to morphologically distinguished metacyclic forms. Ultrastructural study of the metacyclic surface revealed an approximate 2-fold increase in the thickness of the surface coat compared to nectomonad forms, suggesting elongation of LPG as occurs during metacyclogenesisin vitro. A metacyclic-associated transcript (MAT-1), another marker identified by its differential expression invitro, also showed selective expression by promastigotes in the fly, and was used inin situhybridization studies to demonstrate the positioning of metacyclics in the anterior gut.

scholarly journals Synthetic and genetic dimers as quantification ruler for single-molecule counting with PALM

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1369-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim N. Baldering ◽  
Marina S. Dietz ◽  
Karl Gatterdam ◽  
Christos Karathanasis ◽  
Ralph Wieneke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Fusion Proteins ◽  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Superresolution Microscopy ◽  
Superresolution Imaging ◽  
Molecular Information ◽  
Kinetics Of

How membrane proteins oligomerize determines their function. Superresolution microscopy can report on protein clustering and extract quantitative molecular information. Here, we evaluate the blinking kinetics of four photoactivatable fluorescent proteins for quantitative single-molecule microscopy. We identified mEos3.2 and mMaple3 to be suitable for molecular quantification through blinking histogram analysis. We designed synthetic and genetic dimers of mEos3.2 as well as fusion proteins of monomeric and dimeric membrane proteins as reference structures, and we demonstrate their versatile use for quantitative superresolution imaging in vitro and in situ. We further found that the blinking behavior of mEos3.2 and mMaple3 is modified by a reducing agent, offering the possibility to adjust blinking parameters according to experimental needs.

The Effect of Pore Forming Agent Particle Size on the Porosity, Microstructure and In Vitro Studies of Hydroxyapatite Ceramics

2011 ◽  
Vol 493-494 ◽  
pp. 277-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Zalite ◽  
Janis Locs ◽  
D. Vempere ◽  
Liga Berzina-Cimdina
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Fibroblast Cell ◽  
Particle Size Effect ◽  
Ammonium Bicarbonate ◽  
Porous Hydroxyapatite ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Ceramics ◽  
Ceramic Microstructure ◽  
Viscous Mass

In situ viscous mass foaming with ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3)as foaming agent was used for the preparation of porous hydroxyapatite ceramics. Three different particle fractions (100-300 μm, 300-500 μm, 500-1000 μm) of NH4HCO3 were used in order to evaluate the particle size effect on the ceramic microstructure. Foamed and dried green bodies were sintered at 1150°C. The porosity and microstructure of ceramics were determined with Archimedes method and scanning electron microscopy. As the NH4HCO3 particle fraction was decrease from 100-300 μm to 500-1000 μm, the open porosity increased from 42 to 54 %. In situ viscous mass foaming leads to the interconnected pore channels with wide pore size range (10-600 μm). In the present work cytotoxicity of obtained porous HA ceramics and fibroblast cell viability was investigated.

scholarly journals A comparative study of ruminal activity in Churra and Merino sheep offered alfalfa hay

1997 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Ranilla ◽  
M. D. Carro ◽  
C. Valdés ◽  
F. J. Giráldez ◽  
S. López
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Sheep Rumen ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Kinetics Of

AbstractA study was carried out to compare the fermentation parameters and kinetics of digestion of a range of different foods in the rumen of two breeds of sheep (Churra and Merino). Ten mature sheep (five Churra and five Merino), each fitted with a rumen cannula, were used in this study. In situ rumen degradability of both dry matter (DM) and cell wall was greater in Churra than in Merino sheep, the breed differences being significant for most of the foods used in the study (P < 0·05). These differences were greater when the foods had a higher cell wall concentration and this could be related to differences in the ruminal environment. However, when the foods were incubated with rumen fluid their in vitro organic matter (OM) degradability was similar in both breeds. Rumen pH was higher (P < 0·05) and ammonia concentrations were lower (P < 0·05) in Churra than in Merino sheep. Rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations tended to be higher in Merino than in Churra sheep, though differences were only significant just before feeding (P < 0·05). The ratio acetate: propionate was higher in the Churra than Merino breed before and 12 h after feeding (P < 0·05). Protozoa numbers in rumen liquid were similar for both genotypes. The greater degradation of forages in the rumen of Churra sheep is discussed in relation to the possible higher activity of fibre-degrading micro-organisms and the greater buffering capacity of the rumen contents against fermentation acids, which could result in more favourable conditions for the microbial degradation of foods in the rumen.

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