scholarly journals In-transit cold treatment: a case of institutional path dependence

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-479
Author(s):  
Pasquale Lubello ◽  
Jean-Marie Codron
Keyword(s):  
Path Dependence ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Food Commodities ◽  
In Transit

AbstractIn-transit cold treatment consists of exposing food commodities – generally fresh agricultural products – to temperatures approaching 0 °C for a variable number of days during shipping in purpose-equipped containers in order to manage the risks of quarantine contamination. In this paper, we show that in-transit cold treatment is frequently required in the international trade of apples potentially affected by Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis Capitata), despite the existence of potentially less costly and equally effective alternative means of applying the same treatment, in particular ‘cold storage’. We then try to understand why these alternative methods do not emerge spontaneously or become more widespread. We suggest that technical aspects and their respective costs are not always the most important factors. Transaction costs may also come into play. In accordance with ‘institutional path dependence’ literature, we suggest that the negotiation costs a country has to bear in order to encourage its trading partners to adopt an alternative treatment are high enough for it to be preferable to continue using the current solution, despite its higher adoption cost.

scholarly journals Cold Response of the Mediterranean Fruit Fly (Ceratitis capitata) on a Lab Diet

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhan Al-Behadili ◽  
Vineeta Bilgi ◽  
Junxi Li ◽  
Penghao Wang ◽  
Miyuki Taniguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Mediterranean Fruit Fly ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Cold Response ◽  
The Mediterranean

Cold treatment at 0.0 °C with different exposure durations (0–12 days) was applied to the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) fed on a lab diet. The examined developmental stages were early eggs (<6 h), late eggs (>42 h), first instar, second instar and third instar larvae. Pupation, adult emergence and sex ratios of survived flies were investigated to study the C. capitata responses to this low temperature treatment. Our results showed that exposure time at low temperature has a clear effect on pupation and adult emergence. Based on pupation ratios, the first and third instar are the most cold tolerant stages, with LT99 = 7.3 for both of them. Cold tolerance at both stages are very close and no significant differences were detected. There were no significant differences on C. capitata sex ratios among different stages after treatment. This study improves our understanding of C. capitata responses to cold treatment, which may assist in the improvement of the current treatment strategies to control this destructive horticulture pest species.

scholarly journals Cold Response of the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) in the Lab Diet

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhan jasim Al-behadili
Keyword(s):  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Mediterranean Fruit Fly ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Cold Response ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
The Mediterranean

Cold treatment at 0.0 °C with different exposure durations (0-12 days) was applied to the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) fed on lab diet. The examined developmental stages were early eggs (<6 hr) (E.E), late eggs (>42 hr)(L.E),first instar (1st ), second instar(2nd ) and third instar larvae (3rd ). Pupation, adult emergence and sex ratios of survived flies were investigated to study the C. capitata responses to this low temperature treatment. Our results showed that based on pupation ratios, the 3rd instar is the most cold tolerant stage with LT99=7.36 days. The second most cold tolerant stage is the 1st instar with LT99=7.33 days. Cold tolerance at both two stages are very close, so they should be paid attention during the cold treatment. There were no significant differences on C. capitata sex ratios among different stages after treatment. This study improves our understanding of C. capitata responses to cold treatment, which may assist in the improvement of the current treatment strategies to control this destructive horticulture pest species

Disinfestation of Western Australian Granny Smith apples by cold treatment against the egg and larval stages of the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata (Wied.))

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (79) ◽  
pp. 280 ◽  
Author(s):  
AN Sproul
Keyword(s):  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Mediterranean Fruit Fly ◽  
Commercial Practice ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Experimental Programme ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Eggs And Larvae ◽  
Western Australian

In a series of tests during 1974 export grade Granny Smith apples artificially infested with eggs, young and old larvae of Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata (Wied.)) were cold stored at 0.5�C � 0.5�C for 14 days and at 1.5�C � 0.5�C for 16 days in simulated commercial conditions. No survivors were recorded from tests in which an estimated total of 340,200 eggs and larvae were treated. No injury to the fruit was caused by the treatments. Apples are held in cool stores after harvest at these temperatures as normal commercial practice. The experimental programme demonstrated that such commercial treatments can be applied to meet export requirements to obtain entry to quarantine areas.

Effectiveness of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Against Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) Pupae and Nematode Compatibility with Chemical Insecticides

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maguintontz Cedney Jean-Baptiste ◽  
Andressa Lima de Brida ◽  
Daniel Bernardi ◽  
Sérgio da Costa Dias ◽  
Juliano de Bastos Pazini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Mediterranean Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Pupal Mortality

Abstract The Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is among the main pests of fruit crops worldwide. Biological control using entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) may be an alternative to suppress populations of this pest. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the pathogenicity and virulence of six EPN isolates (Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HB, H. amazonensis IBCB-n24, Steinernema carpocapsae IBCB-n02, S. rarum PAM-25, S. glaseri IBCB-n47, and S. brazilense IBCB-n06) against C. capitata pupae. The compatibility of EPNs with different chemical insecticides that are registered for management of C. capitata was also assessed. Isolates of H. bacteriophora HB and S. brazilense IBCB-n06 at a concentration of 1,000 infective juveniles (IJ)/ml proved to be most pathogenic to C. capitata (70 and 80% mortality, respectively). In contrast, the isolates H. amazonensis IBCB-n24, Steinernema carpocapsae IBCB-n02, S. rarum PAM-25, S. glaseri IBCB-n47 provided pupal mortality of less than 60%. Bioassays to determine lethal concentrations indicated that concentrations of 600 IJ/ml (H. bacteriophora HB) and 1,000 IJ/ml (S. brazilense IBCB-n06) showed the highest virulence against C. capitata pupae. In contrast, the highest numbers of IJs emerged at concentrations of 1,200 and 200 IJ/ml. In compatibility bioassays, malathion, spinetoram, phosmet, acetamiprid, and novaluron were considered compatible with and harmless (Class 1) to H. bacteriophora HB and S. brazilense IBCB-n06, according to IOBC/WPRS. This information is important for implementing integrated management programs for C. capitata, using biological control with EPNs, whether alone or in combination with chemical insecticides.

scholarly journals Genetic analysis of medfly populations in an area of sterile insect technique applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubén Sancho ◽  
Ana Guillem-Amat ◽  
Elena López-Errasquín ◽  
Lucas Sánchez ◽  
Félix Ortego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Sterile Insect Technique ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Genetic Sexing ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Genetic Sexing Strains

AbstractThe sterile insect technique (SIT) is widely used in integrated pest management programs for the control of the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata. The genetic interactions between the released individuals from the genetic sexing strains (GSS), used for SIT applications worldwide, and wild individuals have not been studied. Under the hypothesis that a number of Vienna GSS individuals released to the field might not be completely sterile and may produce viable offspring, we have analyzed medfly Spanish field populations to evaluate the presence of Vienna strain genetic markers. To this goal, we have used contrasted nuclear and mitochondrial genetic markers, and two novel sets of nuclear polymorphisms with the potential to be markers to discriminate between Vienna and wild individuals. Nuclear Vienna markers located on the 5th chromosome of Vienna males have been found in 2.2% (19 from 875) of the Spanish wild medfly females captured at the area where SIT is applied. In addition, a female-inherited mitochondrial Vienna marker has been found in two from the 19 females showing nuclear Vienna markers. The detection of several of these markers in single individuals represents evidence of the introgression of Vienna strain into natural populations. However, alternative explanations as their presence at low frequency in wild populations in the studied areas cannot be fully discarded. The undesired release of non-fully sterile irradiated GSS individuals into the field and their interactions with wild flies, and the potential environmental implications should be taken into account in the application of the SIT.

scholarly journals Bioinvasions of the Medfly Ceratitis capitata: Source Estimation Using DNA Sequences at Multiple Intron Loci

Genetics ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 351-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Davies ◽  
Francis X Villablanca ◽  
George K Roderick
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
The Status ◽  
Considerable Controversy ◽  
Source Populations ◽  
Traditional Population

Abstract The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, is a devastating agricultural pest that threatens to become established in vulnerable areas such as California and Florida. Considerable controversy surrounds the status of Californian medfly infestations: Do they represent repeated introductions or the persistence of a resident population? Attempts to resolve this question using traditional population genetic markers and statistical methods are problematic because the most likely source populations in Latin America were themselves only recently colonized and are genetically very similar. Here, significant population structure among several New World medfly populations is demonstrated through the analysis of DNA sequence variation at four intron loci. Surprisingly, in these newly founded populations, estimates of population structure increase when measures of subdivision take into account the relatedness of alleles as well as their frequency. A nonequilibrium, likelihood-based statistical test that utilizes multilocus genotypes suggests that the sole medfly captured in California during 1996 was introduced from Latin America and was less likely to be a remnant of an ancestral Californian population. Many bioinvasions are hierarchical in nature, consisting of several sequential or overlapping invasion events, the totality of which can be termed a metainvasion. Phylogenetic data from multilocus DNA sequences will be vital to understanding the evolutionary and ecological processes that underlie metainvasions and to resolving their constituent levels.

scholarly journals Blue Tansy Essential Oil: Chemical Composition, Repellent Activity Against Aedes aegypti and Attractant Activity for Ceratitis capitata

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2199019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Stappen ◽  
Juergen Wanner ◽  
Nurhayat Tabanca ◽  
Ulrich R. Bernier ◽  
Paul E. Kendra
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Stationary Phases ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Effective Dosage ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Potential Applications

Blue tansy essential oil (BTEO) ( Tanacetum annuum L.) was analyzed by GC-MS and GC-FID using two different capillary column stationary phases. Sabinene (14.0%), camphor (13.6%), myrcene (8.0%), β-pinene (7.7%), and chamazulene (6.9%) were the main components using an SE52 column (non-polar). On a polar CW20M phase column, sabinene (15.1%), camphor (14.4%), α-phellandrene (7.9%), β-pinene (7.7%), and myrcene (6.9%) were the most abundant compounds. To assess the oil for potential applications in integrated pest management strategies, behavioral bioassays were conducted to test for repellency against yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti, and for attractant activity for Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata. Results showed that BTEO was not effective in repelling Ae. aegypti (minimum effective dosage [MED]: 0.625 ± 0.109 mg/cm2 compared with the standard insect repellent DEET (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide). In assays with male C. capitata, BTEO displayed mild attraction compared with two positive controls (essential oils from tea tree Melaleuca alternifolia and African ginger bush Tetradenia riparia). Additional studies are needed to identify the specific attractant chemicals in BTEO and to determine if they confer a synergistic effect when combined with other known attractants for C. capitata. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first investigation of BTEO for repellency against the mosquito vector Ae. aegypti and for attractancy to C. capitata, a major agricultural pest worldwide.

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