Potassium intake and heart disease

2007 ◽  
Vol 267 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Dietary Potassium

In a nutshellDietary potassium intake is protective against heart disease in observational studies, particularly for hypertension and stroke.A number of RCTs (but not all) have shown that extra dietary potassium can lower BP, particularly when combined with adequate magnesium and a lowering of sodium intake.

Dietary Sodium, Potassium, and Sodium to Potassium Ratio in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

2022 ◽  
pp. 109980042110654
Author(s):  
María Correa-Rodríguez ◽  
Sara DelOlmo-Romero ◽  
Gabriela Pocovi-Gerardino ◽  
José-Luis Callejas-Rubio ◽  
Raquel Ríos-Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Activity ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Complement C3 ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Complement C4 ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Dietary Potassium ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between dietary sodium, potassium, and sodium:potassium ratio and clinical disease activity parameters, damage accrual, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in a population of patients with systemic lupus erythematous (SLE). Research design and study sample: A cross-sectional study including a total of 280 patients was conducted (90.4% females; mean age 46.9 ± 12.85 years). Data collection: The SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI-2K) and the SDI Damage Index were used to assess disease activity and disease-related damage, respectively. A 24-hour diet recall was used to estimate dietary intake of sodium and potassium. Results: Dietary sodium intake was significantly associated with anti-dsDNA ( β  =  −.005; 95% CI [.002 .008]; p = .001) and complement C4 level ( β  =  −.002; 95% CI [−.003, .000]; p = .039). Dietary potassium intake was also significantly associated with complement C3 level ( β  =  −.004; 95% CI [−.007, −.001]; p = .021). Multiple logistic regression models revealed a positive association between dietary sodium intake and the risk of having hsCRP > 3 ( p = .005) and an inverse association between dietary potassium intake and the risk of having hsCRP > 3 ( p = .004). Conclusions: SLE patients with higher dietary sodium and lower dietary potassium intakes had an increased risk of higher hsCRP. Dietary sodium intake was significantly associated with anti-dsDNA and complement C4 level, while dietary potassium intake was associated with complement C3 level, supporting that dietary sodium and potassium intakes might play a key role in markers related to disease activity in SLE patients.

scholarly journals Sodium and Potassium Intake and Cardiovascular Disease in Older People: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3447
Author(s):  
Carla Gonçalves ◽  
Sandra Abreu
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Older People ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

This review aims to examine the relationship of sodium and potassium intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) among older people. Methods: We performed a literature search using PubMed and Web of Science (January 2015 to July 2020) without language restriction. Observational and experimental studies that reported the relationship between sodium, potassium, or sodium-to-potassium ratio with CVD among older adults aged higher than 60 years were included. The authors independently screened all identified studies, extracted information, and assessed the quality of included studies. Risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Nonrandomized Studies (RoBANS) for observational studies and the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (RoB 2 tool) for randomized trials. Results: We included 12 studies (6 prospective cohort studies, 5 cross-sectional studies, and 1 experimental study). Five of the studies reported on sodium-to-potassium ratio (n = 5), and the others on potassium and/or sodium intake. Cardiovascular events (e.g., stroke and heart failure) were the most reported outcome (n = 9). Of the 12 studies included, five observational studies had low bias risk and the randomized controlled trial was judged as uncertain risk of bias. We found inconsistent results for the effect of the reduction of sodium intake in this population for lower risk of CVD. We found that both the increase of potassium intake and the decrease of sodium-to-potassium ratio were associated with lower risk of hypertension and CVD, particularly stroke. Conclusion: The present review suggests that both higher potassium and lower sodium-to-potassium ratio are associated with lower risk of CVD.

Abstract P170: Associations of Calibrated Dietary Sodium and Potassium Intakes With the Risk of Heart Failure and its Subtypes in Postmenopausal Women: The Women's Health Initiative

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Gu ◽  
Lesley F Tinker ◽  
Alison E Field ◽  
Mary B Roberts ◽  
Matthew Allison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Health Initiative ◽  
Dietary Potassium ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Background: Previous studies have suggested that sodium reduction could be a viable strategy for reducing heart failure-related disease burden. Relatively few studies had been conducted on dietary sodium and the incidence of heart failure (HF) and its major subtypes; HF with preserved ejection function (HFpEF) and HF with reduced ejection function (HFrEF). Hypothesis: We hypothesized that dietary sodium was positively associated with the risk of HF and its major subtypes with a linear dose-response relationship, whereas dietary potassium was inversely associated with the risks of these outcomes. Methods: Our observational cohort study included 118,057 racial/ethnically diverse postmenopausal women recruited during 1993-1998 and followed up until 2015 in the Women’s Health Initiative. Women who reported a history of HF, were underweight, or had implausible/missing food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) data were excluded at baseline. The exposures of our study were FFQ-measured dietary sodium and potassium calibrated by recovery biomarkers estimated from 24-hour urine excretion collections. The main outcomes were hospitalized heart failure, including HFpEF and HFrEF subtyping, as adjudicated by trained physicians. Results: During up to 22 years of follow-up, 2,533, 1,048 and 673 participants developed HF, HFpEF and HFrEF, respectively. The mean age of the study population was 63.4 years, in which 84.3% (99,297 of 118,057) were white, 7.8% (9,150 of 118,057) were African American, 3.8% (4,469 of 118,057) were Hispanic and 4.1% (4,832 of 118,057) were other race/ethnicity groups. The median of calibrated dietary sodium intake was 2,712.4 mg/day (interquartile range: 2,503.3 mg/day-2,948.4 mg/day) and the median of dietary potassium intake was 2,494.5 mg/day (interquartile range: 2,249.8 mg/day-2,718.2 mg/day). After adjusting for potential confounding variables and risk factors of HF, calibrated sodium intake was positively associated with the incidence of HF (HR Q5 vs. Q1 =2.59, 95% CI: 2.26-2.98, P-trend <0.001). Comparing extreme quintiles of sodium intake, the HR was 2.87 for HFpEF (95% CI: 2.29-3.60) and 1.71 for HFrEF (95% CI: 1.28-2.30, both P-trend<0.001). The dose-response relationships between calibrated sodium intake and the risk of HF and HFrEF were non-linear with accelerated increasing risks at higher intake level, while the dose-response relationship for HFpEF was linear. Similar positive associations were observed for the analyses on calibrated sodium/potassium ratio, whereas calibrated potassium intake was not associated with the risk of HF and its major subtypes. Conclusions: Higher sodium intake is associated with increased risk of HF and its major subtypes. The observed positive association appears to be stronger for HFpEF than for HFrEF. These findings help to inform dietary recommendations for primary heart failure prevention.

The Antihypertensive Effect of Dietary Potassium Chloride Loading in Rats with Adrenal Regeneration Hypertension

1984 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Milmer ◽  
T. Bennett ◽  
S. M. Gardiner
Keyword(s):  
Antihypertensive Effect ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Dietary Potassium ◽  
Peripheral Vasodilatation ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Potassium Loading

1. Adrenal regeneration hypertension was induced in male Wistar rats by unilateral adrenal enucleation, contralateral adrenalectomy and the provision of a 1% (w/v) NaCl solution for drinking. 2. A fivefold increase in dietary KCl content caused a significant reduction in the systolic blood pressure of hypertensive rats but not of control rats. 3. During the increase in potassium intake there was a marked polydipsia. When 1% NaCl solution was the drinking fluid, the resultant increase in sodium intake was associated with an abolition of the antihypertensive effect of potassium loading, but when the sodium intake was held constant, the antihypertensive effect was maintained. 4. In rats with adrenal regeneration hypertension, plasma volume was significantly higher, and packed cell volume and plasma protein concentrations were significantly lower than in control rats. These differences were abolished after 4 days of dietary KCl supplementation. 5. Increased dietary potassium intake was associated with significantly lower serum aldosterone concentrations and significantly higher plasma potassium concentrations in adrenal enucleated rats compared with controls. 6. The possibility that a reduction in extracellular fluid volume (due to a natriuresis) and/or a peripheral vasodilatation contributed to the antihypertensive effect of KCl loading is discussed.

scholarly journals Potassium Intake in Austrian Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Verena Hasenegger ◽  
Petra Rust ◽  
Kristina Englert ◽  
Jürgen König
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Dietary Potassium ◽  
Austrian Study ◽  
German Speaking

AbstractIntroductionBeing the predominant osmotically active element inside cells, potassium is a central regulator of the osmotic balance and the electrochemical membrane potential. As such, it has an effect on blood pressure and therefore counteracts the effects of excess dietary sodium intake. Furthermore, potassium affects glucose homeostasis by influencing insulin secretion from the pancreatic β-cells. Due to the health-promoting effects of potassium, the German-speaking countries have recently updated the reference values for potassium. The revised estimates of adequate potassium intake are 4000 mg/d instead of previously recommended 2000 mg/d. However, a typical Western diet on average contains less potassium and more sodium.Materials and methodsThe presented data were collected within the Austrian Study on Nutrition 2014/2016, a regularly conducted representative cross-sectional survey to monitor food consumption in Austria. Altogether, data from 2129 adults aged between 18 and 64 years were included in the analysis. In the course of two years, and thus with the consideration of seasonal variations, the survey was conducted on the basis of two non-consecutive 24 hour recalls in accordance with the guidelines of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The survey was approved by the Ethical Committee of the University of Vienna (reference number: 00284).ResultsAfter exclusion of misreporters the final sample consisted of 2018 individuals, of which 1282 (63.5%) were women. The mean age was 38.8 ± 11.9 years.Median dietary potassium intake was 2783 mg/d (IQR: 1245). Men had a higher median intake than women (3018 mg/d (IQR: 1303) vs. 2546 mg/d (IQR: 1112), p < 0.001). Significant differences between sexes existed in all age groups (p < 0.001). However, there was no significant correlation between age and dietary potassium intake.The estimates of adequate potassium intake of 4000 mg/d (DGE et al., 2017) were met by only 13.3% of the participants, 7.4% of women and 19.2% of men. Moreover, only 479 participants (23.8%, 16.7% of women and 30.9% of men) had intakes equal to or above 3500 mg/d, the adequate intake established by EFSA (2016).DiscussionOur data show that potassium intake has to be improved in all gender and age groups by increasing the consumption of potassium-rich foods. However, since the estimates of adequate potassium intake have doubled recently, it seems even more difficult to achieve these recommendations in daily food routine.

Dietary Potassium Intake and Mortality in a Prospective Hemodialysis Cohort

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Narasaki ◽  
Yusuke Okuda ◽  
Sara S. Kalantar ◽  
Amy S. You ◽  
Alejandra Novoa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Dietary Potassium

scholarly journals Association between 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion and blood pressure among Chinese adults aged 18–69 years

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofu Du ◽  
Le Fang ◽  
Jianwei Xu ◽  
Xiangyu Chen ◽  
Yamin Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Potassium Excretion ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

AbstractThe direction and magnitude of the association between sodium and potassium excretion and blood pressure (BP) may differ depending on the characteristics of the study participant or the intake assessment method. Our objective was to assess the relationship between BP, hypertension and 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion among Chinese adults. A total of 1424 provincially representative Chinese residents aged 18 to 69 years participated in a cross-sectional survey in 2017 that included demographic data, physical measurements and 24-h urine collection. In this study, the average 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion and sodium-to-potassium ratio were 3811.4 mg/day, 1449.3 mg/day, and 4.9, respectively. After multivariable adjustment, each 1000 mg difference in 24-h urinary sodium excretion was significantly associated with systolic BP (0.64 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.05–1.24) and diastolic BP (0.45 mm Hg; 95% CI 0.08–0.81), and each 1000 mg difference in 24-h urinary potassium excretion was inversely associated with systolic BP (− 3.07 mm Hg; 95% CI − 4.57 to − 1.57) and diastolic BP (− 0.94 mm Hg; 95% CI − 1.87 to − 0.02). The sodium-to-potassium ratio was significantly associated with systolic BP (0.78 mm Hg; 95% CI 0.42–1.13) and diastolic BP (0.31 mm Hg; 95% CI 0.10–0.53) per 1-unit increase. These associations were mainly driven by the hypertensive group. Those with a sodium intake above about 4900 mg/24 h or with a potassium intake below about 1000 mg/24 h had a higher risk of hypertension. At higher but not lower levels of 24-h urinary sodium excretion, potassium can better blunt the sodium-BP relationship. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of hypertension in the highest quartile compared with the lowest quartile of excretion were 0.54 (95% CI 0.35–0.84) for potassium and 1.71 (95% CI 1.16–2.51) for the sodium-to-potassium ratio, while the corresponding OR for sodium was not significant (OR, 1.28; 95% CI 0.83–1.98). Our results showed that the sodium intake was significantly associated with BP among hypertensive patients and the inverse association between potassium intake and BP was stronger and involved a larger fraction of the population, especially those with a potassium intake below 1000 mg/24 h should probably increase their potassium intake.

scholarly journals Assessment of Foods Associated with Sodium and Potassium Intake in Japanese Youths Using the Brief-Type Self-Administered Diet History Questionnaire

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2345
Author(s):  
Masayuki Okuda ◽  
Satoshi Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Potassium Excretion ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Soybean Paste ◽  
Diet History Questionnaire ◽  
Diet History ◽  
8Th Graders ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

The identification of sodium and potassium intake in youths is an important step to preventing the increase of blood pressure in childhood. We examined food intake and estimated mineral intake using a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ) to test its validity as a comparison with urinary excretion in Japanese youths. The subjects were 5th and 8th graders (n = 2377), who completed the BDHQ and permitted the use of their overnight urine specimens. Sodium intake was poorly associated with sodium excretion (Rho = 0.048), and the coefficients of dietary potassium and a sodium-to-potassium molar ratio were 0.091–0.130. Higher soybean paste (miso) intake and pickles were significantly associated with higher sodium excretion (p ≤ 0.005). However, these foods were positively associated with potassium excretion (p = 0.002–0.012), and not associated with an excreted sodium-to-potassium ratio. Fruits and dairy products were positively associated (p ≤ 0.048), whereas beverages were negatively associated with potassium excretion (p ≤ 0.004). The association of the sodium-to-potassium ratio was opposite to that of potassium (p ≤ 0.001). The choice of foods, potassium, and the sodium-to-potassium ratio assessed using the BDHQ are available as part of health education for youths, but the assessment of sodium intake in population levels should be carefully conducted.

scholarly journals Potential impact of a modest reduction in salt intake on blood pressure, cardiovascular disease burden and premature mortality: a modelling study

Open Heart ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leopold Ndemnge Aminde ◽  
Linda J Cobiac ◽  
J Lennert Veerman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveTo assess the potential impact of reduction in salt intake on the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and premature mortality in Cameroon.MethodsUsing a multicohort proportional multistate life table model with Markov process, we modelled the impact of WHO’s recommended 30% relative reduction in population-wide sodium intake on the CVD burden for Cameroonian adults alive in 2016. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted and used to quantify uncertainty.ResultsOver the lifetime, incidence is predicted to decrease by 5.2% (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 4.6 to 5.7) for ischaemic heart disease (IHD), 6.6% (95% UI 5.9 to 7.4) for haemorrhagic strokes, 4.8% (95% UI 4.2 to 5.4) for ischaemic strokes and 12.9% (95% UI 12.4 to 13.5) for hypertensive heart disease (HHD). Mortality over the lifetime is projected to reduce by 5.1% (95% UI 4.5 to 5.6) for IHD, by 6.9% (95% UI 6.1 to 7.7) for haemorrhagic stroke, by 4.5% (95% UI 4.0 to 5.1) for ischaemic stroke and by 13.3% (95% UI 12.9 to 13.7) for HHD. About 776 400 (95% UI 712 600 to 841 200) health-adjusted life years could be gained, and life expectancy might increase by 0.23 years and 0.20 years for men and women, respectively. A projected 16.8% change (reduction) between 2016 and 2030 in probability of premature mortality due to CVD would occur if population salt reduction recommended by WHO is attained.ConclusionAchieving the 30% reduction in sodium intake recommended by WHO could considerably decrease the burden of CVD. Targeting blood pressure via decreasing population salt intake could translate in significant reductions in premature CVD mortality in Cameroon by 2030.

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