Ketogenic diet for epilepsy

2006 ◽  
Vol 252 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Seizure Frequency ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Carbohydrate Intake ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

In a nutshellProducing ketosis by high fat and low carbohydrate intake appears to significantly reduce seizure frequency in 2/3rds of epileptics unresponsive to conventional drugs.Side-effects need to be watched for, and data on long-term complications is lacking. Since the evidence is mostly case-series rather than RCTs, caution in implementation alongwith expert dietetic support is appropriate.

scholarly journals Long-Term Ketogenic Diet Induces Metabolic Acidosis, Anemia, and Oxidative Stress in Healthy Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aryadi Arsyad ◽  
Irfan Idris ◽  
Andi A. Rasyid ◽  
Rezky A. Usman ◽  
Kiki R. Faradillah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

Background. Ketogenic diet has been used as supportive therapy in a range of conditions including epilepsy, diabetes mellitus, and cancer. Objective. This study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term consumption of ketogenic diet on blood gas, hematological profiles, organ functions, and superoxide dismutase level in a rat model. Materials and Methods. Fifteen male Wistar rats were divided into control (n = 8) and ketogenic (n = 7) groups. Controls received standard diet contained 52.20% of carbohydrates, 7.00% fat, and 15.25% protein; meanwhile, the ketogenic group received a high-fat-low-carbohydrate diet which contained 5.66% of carbohydrate, 86.19% fat, and 8.15% protein. All rats were caged individually and received 30g of either standard or high-fat-low-carbohydrate pellets. The experiment was carried out for 60 days before the blood samples were taken and analyzed to obtain blood gas, cell counts, organ biomarkers, and plasma antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Results. The rats subjected to ketogenic diet experienced a marked decrease in body weight, blood sugar, and increased blood ketones (p<0.05). The average blood pH was 7.36 ± 0.02 and base excess was −5.57 ± 2.39 mOsm/L, which were significantly lower than controls (p<0.05). Hematological analysis showed significantly lower erythrocyte, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels. No significant changes were found in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, urea, and creatinine levels, indicating normal liver and kidney functions. Nevertheless, plasma SOD level significantly reduced with ketogenic diet. Conclusion. Long-term ketogenic diet induces metabolic acidosis, anemia, and reduced antioxidant enzyme level in rats following 60 days of consuming high-fat-low-carbohydrate diet.

scholarly journals Hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and ER stress in mice maintained long term on a very low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet

2011 ◽  
Vol 300 (6) ◽  
pp. G956-G967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel R. Garbow ◽  
Jason M. Doherty ◽  
Rebecca C. Schugar ◽  
Sarah Travers ◽  
Mary L. Weber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Western Diet ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Term Administration

Low-carbohydrate diets are used to manage obesity, seizure disorders, and malignancies of the central nervous system. These diets create a distinctive, but incompletely defined, cellular, molecular, and integrated metabolic state. Here, we determine the systemic and hepatic effects of long-term administration of a very low-carbohydrate, low-protein, and high-fat ketogenic diet, serially comparing these effects to a high-simple-carbohydrate, high-fat Western diet and a low-fat, polysaccharide-rich control chow diet in C57BL/6J mice. Longitudinal measurement of body composition, serum metabolites, and intrahepatic fat content, using in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy, reveals that mice fed the ketogenic diet over 12 wk remain lean, euglycemic, and hypoinsulinemic but accumulate hepatic lipid in a temporal pattern very distinct from animals fed the Western diet. Ketogenic diet-fed mice ultimately develop systemic glucose intolerance, hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress, steatosis, cellular injury, and macrophage accumulation, but surprisingly insulin-induced hepatic Akt phosphorylation and whole-body insulin responsiveness are not impaired. Moreover, whereas hepatic Pparg mRNA abundance is augmented by both high-fat diets, each diet confers splice variant specificity. The distinctive nutrient milieu created by long-term administration of this low-carbohydrate, low-protein ketogenic diet in mice evokes unique signatures of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and whole-body glucose homeostasis.

scholarly journals The use of a formula-based ketogenic diet in children with refractory epilepsy

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 234-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia Pereira de Brito Sampaio ◽  
Cristina Takakura ◽  
Maria Luiza Giraldes de Manreza
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Seizure Frequency ◽  
Refractory Epilepsy ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Nonpharmacologic Treatment ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Restricted Protein Diet

ABSTRACT The ketogenic diet (KD) is a nonpharmacologic treatment that has been used for refractory epilepsy since 1921. The KD is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate, and restricted protein diet, which is calculated and weighed for each individual patient. Introducing and maintaining the diet for a long time remains a challenge. In this study, we evaluated the acceptability, tolerance, and efficacy of a formula-based KD in 10 children with refractory epilepsy. The ketogenic formula tested herein caused only mild KD-related adverse events and adequate adherence. Moreover, 60% of patients had more than 50% seizure frequency reduction and 10% were seizure-free.

scholarly journals Severe ketoacidosis in a non-diabetic lactating woman on a ketogenic diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-146
Author(s):  
John Alexander ◽  
Dinesh Nagi
Keyword(s):  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Term Efficacy ◽  
Ketogenic Diets ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

Ketogenic diets are high fat, moderate protein, low carbohydrate diets with carbohydrate content usually less than 50 g/day. They are a novel intervention in the management of obesity and there is emerging evidence that they are very effective. Evidence regarding the long-term efficacy and safety of this rather new and popular intervention is still emerging and there is a lack of data on the effect of this diet in specific populations such as breast feeding women. We describe a case of severe ketoacidosis in a non-diabetic breast feeding woman who was successfully treated with conservative measures. This case highlights the need by medical and dietetic professionals for extra caution in initiating special dietary measures in susceptible physiological states.

scholarly journals Ketogenic Diet for Treatment 2-Year 9 Month Old Boy With Intractable Epilepsy

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
I Made Ananta Wijaya ◽  
Alifiani Hikmah Putranti ◽  
Maria Mexitalia
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Intractable Epilepsy ◽  
Childhood Epilepsy ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Anti Epileptic Drug ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Key Word ◽  
Normal Protein Diet

Background:The ketogenic diet (KD) is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate, and normal-protein diet that has been used for the treatment of medically refractory childhood epilepsy since the 1920s.The KD includes 80% fat, 15% protein, and 5% carbohydrate; the ratio of fat to carbohydrate plus protein ranges from 2:1 to 4:1.The purpose of the case report was to learn benefits and factors that influence the administration of the ketogenic diet in intractable epilepsy. Case:A 2-years 9 months old boy since 3 month of age the child begins seizure. Five month the child was diagnosed with epilepsy received one type of anti epileptic drug (AED). Seven months of age the child began control in outpatient clinic Neurology Department of Dr. Kariadi Hospital with a diagnosis of general epilepsy, were given 2 type of AEDs. Since10 month of age the child was given 3 type of AEDs. The child still often seizure, at 15 months was diagnosed intractable epilepsyand at 29monthof age, was programed to have long term EEG and KD during hospitalization. Conclusion:The administration of KD in 2-years9 months old boy with intractable epilepsyshowed benefits in reducing the frequency of seizures. Key word : Ketogenic Diet, Intractable Epilepsy, Child

scholarly journals Middle and Long-Term Impact of a Very Low-Carbohydrate Ketogenic Diet on Cardiometabolic Factors: A Multi-Center, Cross-Sectional, Clinical Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arrigo F. G. Cicero ◽  
Maddalena Benelli ◽  
Marco Brancaleoni ◽  
Giuseppe Dainelli ◽  
Desiré Merlini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Cardiometabolic Factors

scholarly journals Ketogenic Diet-Induced Severe Ketoacidosis in a Lactating Woman: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Benedicta Nneoma Nnodum ◽  
Eziafa Oduah ◽  
David Albert ◽  
Mark Pettus
Keyword(s):  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis

The ketogenic diet (KD) is a high-fat, adequate-protein, and low-carbohydrate diet that leads to nutritional ketosis and weight loss. It is known to induce ketosis but is not an established cause of clinically significant ketoacidosis. Lactation ketoacidosis is well established in bovine literature but remains a rare phenomenon in humans. Here we present a life-threatening case of severe ketoacidosis in a nondiabetic lactating mother on a strict ketogenic diet. We review the available case reports of lactation ketoacidosis in humans and the mechanisms thereof. Although ketogenic diet has been shown to be safe in nonpregnant individuals, the safety of this diet in lactating mothers is not known. Health professionals and mothers should be made aware of the potential risk associated with a strict ketogenic diet when combined with lactation. Prompt diagnosis and immediate treatment cannot be overemphasized. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of life-threatening lactation ketoacidosis associated with ketogenic diet while consuming an adequate number of calories per day.

scholarly journals Very low-carbohydrate high-fat diets are superior to low-fat diets in improving cardiovascular markers: meta-analysis of large, long-term randomised controlled trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teuta Gjuladin-Hellon ◽  
Ian Davies ◽  
Jackie Fealey ◽  
Alexander Montasem ◽  
Katie Lane
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Fat Diets

AbstractOur recent study (1) showed that the amount of dietary carbohydrates in obesity interventions has differential effects on cardiovascular risk markers (CVM) and effects magnitude depends on intervention duration. Very-low carbohydrate high-fat diets (VLCD) were superior in ameliorating lipid markers compared to high-carbohydrate low-fat diets (LFD).We updated our systematic review and meta-analysis to include long-term effects of VLCD (< 50 g /day) on weight, glucose, total cholesterol, insulin and blood pressure (BP) among overweight/obese adults in comparison to LFD.Medline, PubMed, Cochrane Central, and CINAHLPlus were searched to identify large (n > 100) randomised controlled trials (RCT) with duration ≥ 6 months. Risk of bias, a random effects model and subgroup analyses based on duration of follow-up were performed using Review Manager. Results were reported according to PRISMA.Four open label RCT (n = 723; 362 VLCD; 361 LFD) with some form of behavioral intervention and duration 6–24 months were identified. VLCD showed more favorable effects on diastolic BP at 6 months (-1.96; 95%CI, -2.99 to 00.93; P = 0.0002) and 24 months (-2.69; 95%CI, -4.87 to -0.51; P = 0.001), near significant level at 12 months (-1.79; 95%CI, -3.56 to 0.04; P = 0.05) and an overall total favourable effect (-1.98; 95%CI, -2.73 to -1.22). The decrease in systolic BP was greater among VLCD for the whole period and the overall total effect reached the level of significance (-1.76; 95%CI, -3.56 to 0.04; P = 0.05). VLCD showed beneficial effect on total cholesterol level at 6 and 12 months (-0.01 mmol/L; 95%CI, -0.01 to –0.00; P = 0.002 and -0.01 mmol/L; 95%CI, -0.01 to –0.00; P = 0.005, respectively). The mean changes in weight, and fasting glucose and insulin levels revealed non-significant differences between both diets at any measured time, although these parameters decreased within both groups compared to baseline.VLCD led to significant total weighted mean decrease of diastolic BP and near significant decrease of systolic BP independent of changes in body weight, fasting glucose or insulin levels. The present data on decreased levels of diastolic BP and total cholesterol, combined with our recently published results on increased HDL-cholesterol, decreased triglycerides and no significant effect on LDL-cholesterol (1) provide evidence that VLCD are superior to LFD in improving traditional CVM in longer term.

scholarly journals Overweight and diabetes prevention: is a low-carbohydrate–high-fat diet recommendable?

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1301-1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Brouns
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

Abstract In the past, different types of diet with a generally low-carbohydrate content (< 50–< 20 g/day) have been promoted, for weight loss and diabetes, and the effectiveness of a very low dietary carbohydrate content has always been a matter of debate. A significant reduction in the amount of carbohydrates in the diet is usually accompanied by an increase in the amount of fat and to a lesser extent, also protein. Accordingly, using the term “low carb–high fat” (LCHF) diet is most appropriate. Low/very low intakes of carbohydrate food sources may impact on overall diet quality and long-term effects of such drastic diet changes remain at present unknown. This narrative review highlights recent metabolic and clinical outcomes of studies as well as practical feasibility of low LCHF diets. A few relevant observations are as follows: (1) any diet type resulting in reduced energy intake will result in weight loss and related favorable metabolic and functional changes; (2) short-term LCHF studies show both favorable and less desirable effects; (3) sustained adherence to a ketogenic LCHF diet appears to be difficult. A non-ketogenic diet supplying 100–150 g carbohydrate/day, under good control, may be more practical. (4) There is lack of data supporting long-term efficacy, safety and health benefits of LCHF diets. Any recommendation should be judged in this light. (5) Lifestyle intervention in people at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes, while maintaining a relative carbohydrate-rich diet, results in long-term prevention of progression to type 2 diabetes and is generally seen as safe.

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