scholarly journals Perceptions of portion size and energy content: implications for strategies to affect behaviour change

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Brindal ◽  
Carlene Wilson ◽  
Philip Mohr ◽  
Gary Wittert
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Energy Estimation ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Actual Size

AbstractObjectiveTo assess Australian consumers’ perception of portion size of fast-food items and their ability to estimate energy content.DesignCross-sectional computer-based survey.SettingAustralia.SubjectsFast-food consumers (168 male, 324 female) were asked to recall the items eaten at the most recent visit to a fast-food restaurant, rate the prospective satiety and estimate the energy content of seven fast-food or ‘standard’ meals relative to a 9000 kJ Guideline Daily Amount. Nine dietitians also completed the energy estimation task.ResultsRatings of prospective satiety generally aligned with the actual size of the meals and indicated that consumers perceived all meals to provide an adequate amount of food, although this differed by gender. The magnitude of the error in energy estimation by consumers was three to ten times that of the dietitians. In both males and females, the average error in energy estimation for the fast-food meals (females: mean 3911 (sd 1998) kJ; males: mean 3382 (sd 1957) kJ) was significantly (P < 0·001) larger than for the standard meals (females: mean 2607 (sd 1623) kJ; males: mean 2754 (sd 1652) kJ). In women, error in energy estimation for fast-food items predicted actual energy intake from fast-food items (β = 0·16, P < 0·01).ConclusionsKnowledge of the energy content of standard and fast-food meals in fast-food consumers in Australia is poor. Awareness of dietary energy should be a focus of health promotion if nutrition information, in its current format, is going to alter behaviour.

scholarly journals The Design and Development of a Food Composition Database for an Electronic Tool to Assess Food Intake in New Caledonian Families

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1668
Author(s):  
Juliana Chen ◽  
Solène Bertrand ◽  
Olivier Galy ◽  
David Raubenheimer ◽  
Margaret Allman-Farinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Caledonia ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Specific Food ◽  
Country Specific

The food environment in New Caledonia is undergoing a transition, with movement away from traditional diets towards processed and discretionary foods and beverages. This study aimed to develop an up-to-date food composition database that could be used to analyze food and nutritional intake data of New Caledonian children and adults. Development of this database occurred in three phases: Phase 1, updating and expanding the number of food items to represent current food supply; Phase 2, refining the database items and naming and assigning portion size images for food items; Phase 3, ensuring comprehensive nutrient values for all foods, including saturated fat and total sugar. The final New Caledonian database comprised a total of 972 food items, with 40 associated food categories and 25 nutrient values and 615 items with portion size images. To improve the searchability of the database, the names of 593 food items were shortened and synonyms or alternate spelling were included for 462 foods. Once integrated into a mobile app-based multiple-pass 24-h recall tool, named iRecall.24, this country-specific food composition database would support the assessment of food and nutritional intakes of families in New Caledonia, in a cross-sectional and longitudinal manner, and with translational opportunities for use across the wider Pacific region.

scholarly journals The Effect of Dietary Patterns on Mental Distress in Males and Females: Results from a Large Cross-Sectional Study Among an International Sample

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1202-1202
Author(s):  
Gia DeRose ◽  
Lina Begdache
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to assess dietary factors that associate with mental health in males and females. Methods A validated Food-Mood (FMQ) survey was distributed anonymously using several social media platforms targeting adults ages 18 years and above. Data was partitioned based on gender. Classification of young versus mature adults was based on level of brain maturity as evidenced in the literature. A Pearson's correlation analysis and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were performed on the categorized data using (SPSS) version 25.0. Results A total of 2637 individuals (1789 females and 848 males) completed the survey. Respondents were from North and Central Americas, Europe, Asia, North Africa and the Middle East. Correlational studies identified common and differential food groups that associate with mental distress in men and women. PCA results identified three different patterns for both males and females, which also confirmed common and differential dietary factors that associate with mental health. The first pattern suggests that mental distress in young males (18–29 years) associates with fast food and high glycemic index (HGI) food. For females, high consumption of dairy, fast food, and caffeine associates with mental distress. Both patterns reflect unbalanced diets. The second pattern suggests that absence of mental distress in mature males and females (30 years or older) associates with a spectrum of nutrient-dense food; however different factor loadings propose that food groups may have a different effect on mental distress among genders. The third pattern indicates that mental wellbeing among mature males and females with a moderately healthy diet associates with region of residency in both mature genders, and with higher education among mature females. These facts imply that environmental factors that may impact the brain counteract the flaws of the diet. Conclusions A nutrient dense diet may support a positive mood among males and females. However, customization of diet may optimize mood in both genders. Additionally, continent of residence may affect equally mental distress in males and females. However, mature females with a higher educational level may be able to counteract some of the dietary triggers of mental distress. Funding Sources The authors received no specific funding for this work.

scholarly journals Changes in energy content of lunchtime purchases from fast food restaurants after introduction of calorie labelling: cross sectional customer surveys

BMJ ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 343 (jul26 1) ◽  
pp. d4464-d4464 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Dumanovsky ◽  
C. Y. Huang ◽  
C. A. Nonas ◽  
T. D. Matte ◽  
M. T. Bassett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fast Food Restaurants

scholarly journals Measured energy content of frequently purchased restaurant meals: multi-country cross sectional study

BMJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. k4864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan B Roberts ◽  
Sai Krupa Das ◽  
Vivian Marques Miguel Suen ◽  
Jussi Pihlajamäki ◽  
Rebecca Kuriyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Bomb Calorimetry ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sedentary Woman ◽  
Fast Food Restaurants ◽  
Restaurant Meals

Abstract Objective To measure the energy content of frequently ordered meals from full service and fast food restaurants in five countries and compare values with US data. Design Cross sectional survey. Setting 223 meals from 111 randomly selected full service and fast food restaurants serving popular cuisines in Brazil, China, Finland, Ghana, and India were the primary sampling unit; 10 meals from five worksite canteens were also studied in Finland. The observational unit was frequently ordered meals in selected restaurants. Main outcome measure Meal energy content, measured by bomb calorimetry. Results Compared with the US, weighted mean energy of restaurant meals was lower only in China (719 (95% confidence interval 646 to 799) kcal versus 1088 (1002 to 1181) kcal; P<0.001). In analysis of variance models, fast food contained 33% less energy than full service meals (P<0.001). In Finland, worksite canteens provided 25% less energy than full service and fast food restaurants (mean 880 (SD 156) versus 1166 (298); P=0.009). Country, restaurant type, number of meal components, and meal weight predicted meal energy in a factorial analysis of variance (R 2 =0.62, P<0.001). Ninety four per cent of full service meals and 72% of fast food meals contained at least 600 kcal. Modeling indicated that, except in China, consuming current servings of a full service and a fast food meal daily would supply between 70% and 120% of the daily energy requirements for a sedentary woman, without additional meals, drinks, snacks, appetizers, or desserts. Conclusion Very high dietary energy content of both full service and fast food restaurant meals is a widespread phenomenon that is probably supporting global obesity and provides a valid intervention target.

scholarly journals Nutritional composition of takeaway food in the UK

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 414-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Jaworowska ◽  
Toni M. Blackham ◽  
Rachel Long ◽  
Catherine Taylor ◽  
Matthew Ashton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Nutritional Profile ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
The Uk

Purpose – This paper aims to determine the nutritional profile of popular takeaway meals in the UK. Fast food has a poor nutritional profile; research has focused on the major catering chains, with limited data on takeaway food from independent establishments. Design/methodology/approach – Random samples of takeaway meals were purchased from small, independent takeaway establishments. Multiple samples of 27 different takeaway meals, from Indian, Chinese, kebab, pizza and English-style establishments (n = 489), were analysed for portion size, energy, protein, carbohydrate, total fat, salt and total sugars. Findings – Takeaway meals were inconsistent with UK dietary recommendations; pizzas revealed the highest energy content, and Chinese meals were lowest in total fat. However, there was a high degree of variability between and within categories, but the majority of meals were excessive for portion size, energy, macronutrients and salt. Research limitations/implications – The present study focused on energy, macronutrients, salt and total sugars. Future research should analyse the quality of fat and carbohydrates and micronutrients to provide a more detailed nutritional profile of takeaway food. Practical implications – The nutritional variability between establishments suggests that recipe reformulation should be explored in an attempt to improve the nutritional quality of takeaway foods. In addition, portion size reduction could favour both the consumer and the industry. Social implications – Takeaway outlets do not provide nutritional information; due to the excessive nutritional profiles, regular intake may increase the risk of non-communicable disease. Therefore, there is a pressing need for this provision to help consumers make conscious food choices. Originality/value – This is the first study to analyse energy and macronutrient content of independent takeaway meals in the UK.

scholarly journals Urban v. suburban perceptions of the neighbourhood food environment as correlates of adolescent food purchasing

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary O Hearst ◽  
Keryn E Pasch ◽  
Melissa N Laska
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Convenience Store ◽  
Food Retail ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Food Outlets ◽  
Retail Outlets ◽  
Pedestrian Infrastructure

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the relationship between adolescent perception of time to walk to neighbourhood food retail outlets and purchasing of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), fast and convenience food items, and to test for differences by urban v. suburban environment.DesignCross-sectional observational study.SettingTwin Cities Metropolitan Area, Minnesota, USA.SubjectsAdolescents from two studies completed survey-based measures on perceptions of time to walk to food retail outlets from home, purchasing patterns of SSB and fast and convenience store items, perceptions of personal safety and pedestrian infrastructure, and demographic characteristics. Descriptive analysis, Spearman correlations and multivariate linear regression, accounting for clustering, were conducted.ResultsThere were 634 adolescents, approximately half male, predominantly white, with a middle-class background. Greater perceived time to food outlets was associated with less frequent purchasing of SSB, convenience store foods and fast-food items. Multivariate models showed that a perceived shorter walking time (i.e. 1−5 v. 31+ min) was significantly associated with more SSB purchasing. SSB purchases were also significantly associated with the number of food outlets within a 10 min walk (B = 0·05, P = 0·02).ConclusionsA reduction in consumption of SSB and other energy-dense snacks is an important obesity prevention approach. An approach offering alternatives or reducing exposure in addition to education to alter purchasing habits may contribute to improving dietary habits and reducing the obesity epidemic.

Children’s menus in shopping centre restaurants: a multicentric study

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia Viegas ◽  
João Lima ◽  
Cláudia Afonso ◽  
András Jozsef Toth ◽  
Csaba Bálint Illés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
List Type ◽  
Unhealthy Food ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multicentric Study ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Shopping Centres

PurposeThe aim of this study is to identify and characterize kids' menu offer in fast-food and traditional restaurants located in shopping centres in five different countries.Design/methodology/approachAn observational cross-sectional study is carried out, though a study was performed in all restaurants located in shopping centres from main cities, in five countries: Brazil, Chile, Croatia, Hungary and Portugal. A tool for assessing the quality of menus is used for the analysis (Kids Menu Healthy Score (KIMEHS)). Menu prices between countries were compared.FindingsA total of 192 kids' menus were collected, 44 in Portugal, 57 in Brazil, 66 in Chile, 15 in Hungary and 10 in Croatia. All the countries have average negative KIMEHS values for the menus, indicating that the offer is generally poor in terms of healthy options. The cost of children's menus in European countries is generally low. In Brazil, the price is significantly more expensive, which may limit the accessibility by social economically deprived populations. No significant differences were found in the average cost of meals from different restaurants typology. Traditional/Western restaurants present the highest price.Practical implicationsGlobally, kids' menus are composed by unhealthy food items, pointing to the need of improvements in food availability, aiming to promote healthy food habits among children.Originality/valueThis study presents innovative data on children's menus, allowing for characterization of meals offered to children and comparison between different countries.Key pointsKids’ menus are composed by unhealthy food items.Improvement of kids' menus quality will promote children food habits.Healthier out-of-home food consumption will contribute to public health.

scholarly journals Nutrition composition of children’s meals in twenty-six large US chain restaurants

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 2245-2252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline G Dunn ◽  
Kelsey A Vercammen ◽  
Johannah M Frelier ◽  
Alyssa J Moran ◽  
Sara N Bleich
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
Lower Energy ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Side Dishes ◽  
Children's Meals ◽  
Marketing To Children

AbstractObjective:To compare the nutritional quality of children’s combination meals offered at large US chain restaurants characterised by three versions – default (advertised), minimum (lower-energy) and maximum (higher-energy).Design:We identified default children’s meals (n 92) from online restaurant menus, then constructed minimum and maximum versions using realistic additions, substitutions and/or portion size changes for existing menu items. Nutrition data were obtained from the MenuStat database. Bootstrapped linear models assessed nutrition differences between meal versions and the extent to which meal components (main dish, side dish, beverage) drove differences across versions. For each version, we examined the proportion of meals meeting the Guidelines for Responsible Food Marketing to Children.Setting:Twenty-six fast-food and fast-casual restaurants, in 2017.Participants:None.Results:Nutrient values differed significantly across meal versions for energy content (default 2443 kJ (584 kcal), minimum 1674 kJ (400 kcal), maximum 3314 kJ (792 kcal)), total fat (23, 17, 33 g), saturated fat (8, 6, 11 g), Na (1046, 915, 1287 mg) and sugar (35, 14, 51 g). The substitution of lower-energy beverages resulted in the greatest reduction in energy content (default to minimum, −418 kJ (−100 kcal)) and sugar (−20 g); choosing lower-energy side dishes resulted in the greatest reduction in total fat (default to minimum, −4 g), saturated fat (−1·1 g) and Na (−69 mg). Only 3 % of meals met guidelines for all nutrients.Conclusions:Realistic modifications to children’s combination meals using existing menu options can significantly alter a meal’s nutrient composition. Promoting lower-energy items as the default option, especially for beverages and side dishes, has a potential to reduce fat, saturated fat and/or sugar in children’s meals.

Health Status of Senior Citizens: A Cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Beniwal ◽  
Chandrakala Singh
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Senior Citizens ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Poor Health Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Average Health

Aging is a series of processes that begin with life and continue throughout the lifecycle. It represents the closing period in the lifespan, a time when the individual looks back on life, lives on past accomplishments and begins to finish off his life course. It represents the accumulation of changes in person over time. The study aims to investigate the health status of senior citizens. The present study was carried out in Hisar and Sirsa district of Haryana state. A total of 400 elderly equally representing both males and females of age group 65-70 years were selected randomly for the study. Modified inventory developed by Khan and Lal (2011) was used to assess health status of senior citizens. The results of the study elucidated that health status of senior citizens depicted that 54.25 per cent of the total respondents had average health status followed by good (25.25%) and poor health status (20.50%). The most common health problems reported by the senior citizens were joint pains, back pains, blood pressure, and chest pain etc. Gender wise comparison of total sample further pointed out that females were poor in their health against males.

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