scholarly journals Food variety, socioeconomic status and nutritional status in urban and rural areas in Koutiala (Mali)

2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Hatløy ◽  
Jesper Hallund ◽  
Modibo M Diarra ◽  
Arne Oshaug
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Urban Households ◽  
Food Variety ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

AbstractObjective: The purpose of this study was to analyse the associations between the food variety score (FVS), dietary diversity score (DDS) and nutritional status of children, and to assess the associations between FVS, DDS and socioeconomic status (SES) on a household level. The study also assessed urban and rural differences in FVS and DDS.Design: Cross-sectional studies in 1994/95, including a simplified food frequency questionnaire on food items used in the household the previous day. A socioeconomic score was generated, based on possessions in the households. Weight and height were measured for all children aged 6–59 months in the households, and anthropometric indices were generated.Subjects and setting: Three hundred and twenty-nine urban and 488 rural households with 526 urban and 1789 rural children aged 6–59 months in Koutiala County, Sikasso Region, Mali.Results: Children from urban households with a low FVS or DDS had a doubled risk (OR>2) for being stunted and underweight. Those relations were not found in the rural area. There was an association between SES and both FVS and DDS on the household level in both areas. The FVS and DDS in urban households with the lowest SES were higher than the FVS and DDS among the rural households with the highest SES.Conclusions: Food variety and dietary diversity seem to be associated with nutritional status (weight/age and height/age) of children in heterogeneous communities, as our data from urban areas showed. In rural areas, however, this association could not be shown. Socioeconomic factors seem to be important determinants for FVS and DDS both in urban and rural areas. FVS and DDS are useful variables in assessing the nutritional situation of households, particular in urban areas.

scholarly journals Seasonality and household diets in Ethiopia

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1723-1730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalle Hirvonen ◽  
Alemayehu Seyoum Taffesse ◽  
Ibrahim Worku Hassen
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Nationally Representative

AbstractObjectiveTo revisit seasonality by assessing how household diets vary across agricultural seasons in rural and urban Ethiopia. The role of seasonality on the sources and intake of energy (per capita) and household dietary diversity score (HDDS) was analysed.DesignThe use of nationally representative household-level data collected each month over one year to study the seasonal changes in the sources and intake of energy and HDDS.SettingEleven regions of Ethiopia, including rural and urban settings.SubjectsTotal of 27 835 households were interviewed between July 2010 and July 2011 in all eleven regions of the country. On average each month saw 2300 household interviews, yielding nationally representative data for each calendar month.ResultsFor rural households, the mean daily per capita energy intake was 10 288 kJ (2459 kcal) in February (post-harvest period) and lower in the lean season: 9703 kJ (2319 kcal) in June (P<0·05) and 9552 kJ (2283 kcal) in July (P<0·001). HDDS for rural households was highest in February (6·73) and lowest in June (5·98; P<0·001) but high again in July (6·57). Urban energy intake was also lower in the lean season but HDDS varied less by season. Considerable seasonal variation was also found in energy sources in rural areas, less so in urban areas.ConclusionsHousehold diets in Ethiopia remain subjected to significant seasonal stress. HDDS and food security measured using energy intake do not always agree. Preferably, HDDS and energy intake data should be used together to assess food security.

scholarly journals Comparison of Staple Food Availability in Urban and Rural Households in Kabupaten Malaka

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-99
Author(s):  
Falentina Adriana Nahak ◽  
Johanna Suek ◽  
Lika Bernadina
Keyword(s):  
Food Availability ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Staple Food ◽  
Urban Households ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Availability Index

This study aims to investigate the differences staple food availability and household consumption patterns in urban and rural areas. This research took place in Kabupaten Malaka, with the sample of 60 urban households and 60 households chosen through random sampling. The obtianed data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Results show that staple food availability respondents’ household were from the production of own farming, purchasing, and assistance from relatives. However, the availability of staple food did not support household consumption needs for 365 days (1 year). Staple food availability index in urban areas was 58.4, and the rural households reached 57.2. These numbers were far below the national index of 100. Analysis of z-tests showed significant differences in staple food availability between urban and rural households.

scholarly journals Does living in an urban environment confer advantages for childhood nutritional status? Analysis of disparities in nutritional status by wealth and residence in Angola, Central African Republic and Senegal

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina Kennedy ◽  
Guy Nantel ◽  
Inge D Brouwer ◽  
Frans J Kok
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Poor Children

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between childhood undernutrition and poverty in urban and rural areas.DesignAnthropometric and socio-economic data from Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys in Angola-Secured Territory (Angola ST), Central African Republic and Senegal were used in this analysis. The population considered in this study is children 0–59 months, whose records include complete anthropometric data on height, weight, age, gender, socio-economic level and urban or rural area of residence. In addition to simple urban/rural comparisons, the population was stratified using a wealth index based on living conditions and asset ownership to compare the prevalence, mean Z-score and odds ratios for stunting and wasting.ResultsIn all cases, when using a simple urban/rural comparison, the prevalence of stunting was significantly higher in rural areas. However, when the urban and rural populations were stratified using a measure of wealth, the differences in prevalence of stunting and underweight in urban and rural areas of Angola ST, Central African Republic and Senegal disappeared. Poor children in these urban areas were just as likely to be stunted or underweight as poor children living in rural areas. The odds ratio of stunting in the poorest compared with the richest quintile was 3.4, 3.2 and 1.5 in Angola ST, Senegal and Central African Republic, respectively.ConclusionsThis paper demonstrates that simple urban/rural comparisons mask wide disparities in subgroups according to wealth. There is a strong relationship between poverty and chronic undernutrition in both urban and rural areas; this relationship does not change simply by living in an urban environment. However, urban and rural living conditions and lifestyles differ, and it is important to consider these differences when designing programmes and policies to address undernutrition.

scholarly journals Household food consumption and nutritional status of children aged 6 to 59 months in Zinder, Niger Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (06) ◽  
pp. 16652-16668
Author(s):  
Diadie Halima Oumarou ◽  
◽  
HA Issaka ◽  
A Balla ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Food Diversity ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Female Headed Households ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children

Malnutrition exists in both urban and rural areas in Niger. An analysis of food and nutrition situation was carried out in the urban municipality of Zinder in order to contribute to a better understanding of the situation.This work was done from February to March 2018, at the household level,sampled by probabilistic method.The study involved 168 children from 6 to 59 months selected from 150 households in 15neighborhoods in the urban municipalities of Zinder. An analysis of the Food Consumption Score and Household Food Diversity Score showed acceptable food consumption and high food diversity respectively in58.7% and 67.3% of households.Furthermore, the results showed that the socio-economic characteristics that determined Score of food consumption were the main activities of heads of households and their wives. Food diversity was generally acceptable, although 2.7 %of households still had low dietary diversity in the study area.Also,food diversity remained low overall for nearly 8.9% of children with a rate of 6.0% for households headed by a woman.Nevertheless, the latter female-headed households had an estimated 13.7% of children with average individual food diversity. The prevalence of acute global malnutrition is 13.1% with the severe form at3%. It should be noted that girls were much more affected by this severe form (3.4%) compared to 2.5% for boys.However, stunting was more prevalent in males than in females with 57.5% and 46.6%,respectively. Moderate form accounting for 28.4% in females compared to 17.5% in males.This nutritional status reflects the relatively acceptable food situation in which these children lived. Furthermore, the appreciation of different foods and modes of consumption have shown on the one hand that the diet remains monotonous. On the other hand, this analysis revealed that cereal-based dishes accompanied by vegetable/leafy sauces predominated in these households in the study area.This situation exposes the members of these households and especially young children to the risk of malnutrition.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Status in Relation to Stunting and Motor Skill Development of Toddlers in Urban and Rural Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-347
Author(s):  
Syifa F Syihab ◽  
Mesa Rahmi Stephani ◽  
Isti Kumalasari ◽  
Adang Suherman
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Skill Development ◽  
Exact Methods ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Motor Skill Development ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

The development of child motor skills is closely related to nutritional status. Stunted children generally experience delays in motor development. The objective was to determine the relationship between stunting, socioeconomic status, and children’s motor skill development. This research was conducted in 2018 using a cross-sectional method. Respondents were 80 children aged 48-60 months in urban and rural areas of West Java. The researcher used a simple random technique data collection on anthropometric, socioeconomic, and motor skills development. Then it was analyzed using chi-square and Fisher exact methods. The researcher used a simple random technique data collection on anthropometric, socioeconomic, and motor skills development. Then it was analyzed using chi-square and Fisher exact methods. We found that stunting prevalence in rural areas was higher than in urban areas. As much as 30 % of children in rural areas and only 12.5 % of children in urban areas were categorized as stunted. There is no significant association between stunting with the family’s socioeconomic status and motor skill development. The weight for the age variable showed a significant association with stunting. Children who are malnourished have a stunting risk of 10.9 times greater than normal children (OR 10.9 p < 0.001).

scholarly journals Determinants of Dietary Diversity and Nutritional status of Women and Children in India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanumant Waghmare ◽  
Jitendra Gupt ◽  
Archana Kujur
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Future Evolution ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
High Level ◽  
Status Of Women

Abstract Background: This study aims to understand the relationship between dietary diversity and nutritional status through the lenses of nutritional policies among women in reproductive age and children under age five in India.Method: Demographic and Health Survey data collected in year 2015-16 is used for Analysis in the aspects of current and past efforts taken at programme and policy level to improve nutritional and anaemia status among women and children. Further we review some of the critical interventions in nutrition and draws out several issues that have bearing on these policies' future evolution. Through the study we explore the statistical associations between nutritional status and nutritional policy in India.Result: The findings show that the evolution of nutrition policies and the programme has a slow but have positive impact on anaemia among women and children under age five in India. The study finds declining trend in prevalence of anaemia among women and children from 55.4 percent and 77.1 percent in 1990 to 51.4 percent and 57.3 percent in 2016 respectively. The dietary consumption shows that 37 percent women consume milk, further result shows that diet of children increase in fourth and fifth year. Mothers education shows inverse relation with malnutrition, with education sever and stunted percentage decreases. BMI among women, shows highest prevalence of underweight in early age 15-19 (41%), of normal in age 20-24 (62%), of overweight in older age 45-49 (25%) and of obese (10%) too. The nutritional status of women and children is better in urban areas as compared to rural areas. Conclusion: To deal with the diverse culture, food practices and improve the nutritional status of women and children government has introduced multiple policies and program but high level of anaemia among the women and children still exists. This result shows that government needs to take up a more approaches to this problem for effectively improving it.

scholarly journals Food insecurity and socioeconomic, food and nutrition profile of schoolchildren living in urban and rural areas of Picos, Piauí

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jailane de Souza Aquino ◽  
Leopoldina Augusta Souza Sequeira-de-Andrade ◽  
Patrícia Elaine Bellini Alencar da Silva ◽  
Alciene Pacheco da Silva ◽  
Cid Rangel de Sousa Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Homogeneous Population ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Municipal Schools ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children

Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of food insecurity among schoolchildren living in urban and rural areas of Picos, Piauí associated with the socioeconomic profile of families and their food intake and nutritional status. Methods: Study participants were families with children aged 7-10 years enrolled in municipal schools, totaling 342 families/schoolchildren. The study was conducted at school facilities through interviews with mothers - or guardians - using a questionnaire based on the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale and socioeconomic variables and food frequency questionnaire. The nutritional status of children was assessed using the following indexes: weight/age, height/age and body mass index/age. Results: The prevalence of food insecurity was high and similar for rural and urban areas, 84.3% and 83.3%, respectively. In general, lower income and consumption of untreated water was associated with greater frequency of food insecurity (p≤0.01). In urban areas, higher percentage of food insecurity was associated to lower educational levels (p≤0.05). Dietary intake and nutritional status of schoolchildren were not associated with food insecurity condition of families. Conclusion: The percentage of families at food insecurity, as well as the food consumption and nutritional status of schoolchildren were similar between urban and rural areas, characterized as a homogeneous population in terms of socioeconomic conditions.

scholarly journals A community based cross-sectional study to assess malnutrition among elderly population residing in urban and rural areas of a district in Karnataka, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Ananthesh B. G. ◽  
Geeta V. Bathija ◽  
Dattatraya D. Bant
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Elderly Living

Background: The geriatric age group is the fastest-growing segment of the population in most of the countries. Malnutrition has emerged as an important problem among elderly. Nutritional status of the elderly population is seldom focused upon. This study was conducted to evaluate malnutrition among elderly population and its association with sociodemographic correlates and to compare the nutritional status of elderly living in the urban and rural areas of a district in Karnataka.  Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among 102 urban and 102 rural residents of Dharwad district for a period of 4 months using pre-designed and structured questionnaire which include details of sociodemographic data and nutritional status which was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) questionnaire.Results: The prevalence of malnutrition was found to be 18.6 %. Among 204 subjects, 42.6% were well nourished and 38.7% were at risk of malnutrition. Elderly living in rural are more malnourished than urban areas. And 12.7% of elderly living in urban area were obese, whereas only 7.8% of rural elderly were obese. A significant association was found between nutritional status with age, literacy and the socioeconomic status of the elderly.Conclusions:High prevalence of under-nutrition (at risk of malnutrition and malnutrition) was found in our study. With higher percentages in elderly living in rural area, among illiterates and with low socioeconomic status. This study emphasizes increased need to give attention to the nutritional needs of elderly and also to screen and support elderly with malnutrition. 

scholarly journals Impact of International Remittances on Poverty in Bangladesh: Evidence from the Household Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-66
Author(s):  
Rezwana Rahman ◽  
Nurun Naher Moni
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Propensity Scores ◽  
Kernel Estimator ◽  
Average Treatment Effect ◽  
Consumption Expenditure ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The Impact

Although the impact of remittances on poverty is a widely examined topic, only a few studies shed light on this issue at the household level, especially in the case of Bangladesh. This study compares households with and without remittance receivers to estimate the poverty impact of remittances on a regional basis. The dataset used for this study is the Household Income Expenditure Survey (HIES) 2010, obtained from a representative sample of 12,239 households, and collected by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS). Determining propensity scores from the estimation of probit regression, the average treatment effect on the treatment group has been estimated by using nearest neighbour matching and Kernel estimator. Both of the techniques confirm that receiving remittances has an inverse impact on households’ propensity of being poor. A regional comparison shows that this propensity is lower in urban areas (11.3 per cent) than the rural areas (16.3 per cent). In both urban and rural areas, per capita consumption expenditure and monthly consumption expenditure vary positively with remittance receipt of the households. Moreover, probit regression estimates that the probability of having migrant members in rural households is 2.8 per cent higher than that of urban households. On the basis of the major findings, the study reaches the conclusion that rural areas show more potential in terms of producing exportable manpower. Appropriate policy in terms of creating an enabling environment both in the destination and home countries should be arranged, especially to facilitate women migration.

scholarly journals Differences in expenditure and amounts of fresh foods, fruits and vegetables, and fish purchased in urban and rural Scotland

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 524-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baukje de Roos ◽  
Ferdinando Binacchi ◽  
Stephen Whybrow ◽  
Alan A Sneddon
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Frozen Foods ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Raw Foods ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Fresh Foods

AbstractObjectiveTo quantitatively analyse expenditure on all fresh foods, fruits and vegetables (F&V) and fish across urban and rural households in Scotland. Fresh foods were chosen since, in general, they are perceived to contribute more to health than processed foods.DesignDescriptive analysis of purchase data of all foods brought into the home during 2012 from the Kantar Worldpanel database. Purchase data were restricted to fresh, unprocessed and raw foods or ‘fresh to frozen’ foods where freezing was part of harvesting. Total household purchases were adjusted for household size and composition.SettingScotland.SubjectsHouseholds (n 2576).ResultsRural households reported the highest expenditure per person on fresh foods and F&V, but also bought the most (kilograms) of these items. There were linear trends of average prices paid with urban–rural location (P<0·001), with average prices paid by large urban and remote rural households being £2·14/kg and £2·04/kg for fresh foods, £1·64/kg and £1·60/kg for F&V and £10·07/kg and £10·20/kg for fish, respectively, although differences were quantitatively small.ConclusionsContrary to previous studies, purchase data show that access to and average prices of fresh foods generally, and F&V and fish specifically, are broadly similar between urban and rural areas. Therefore, the higher expenditure on these foods in rural v. urban areas is probably due to factors other than pricing and availability.

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