scholarly journals Food patterns defined by cluster analysis and their utility as dietary exposure variables: a report from the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study

2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabet Wirfält ◽  
Irene Mattisson ◽  
Bo Gullberg ◽  
Göran Berglund
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Food Habit ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cluster Procedure ◽  
Food Patterns ◽  
Diet And Cancer

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the utility of cluster analysis in defining complex dietary exposures, separately with two types of variables.DesignA modified diet history method, combining a 7-day menu book and a 168-item questionnaire, assessed dietary habits. A standardized questionnaire collected information on sociodemographics, lifestyle and health history. Anthropometric information was obtained through direct measurements. The dietary information was collapsed into 43 generic food groups, and converted into variables indicating the per cent contribution of specific food groups to total energy intake. Food patterns were identified by the QUICK CLUSTER procedure in SPSS, in two separate analytical steps using unstandardized and standardized (Z-scores) clustering variables.SettingThe Malmö Diet and Cancer (MDC) Study, a prospective study in the third largest city of Sweden, with baseline examinations from March 1991 to October 1996.SubjectsA random sample of 2206 men and 3151 women from the MDC cohort (n=28098).ResultsBoth variable types produced conceptually well separated clusters, confirmed with discriminant analysis. ‘Healthy’ and ‘less healthy’ food patterns were also identified with both types of variables. However, nutrient intake differences across clusters were greater, and the distribution of the number of individuals more even, with the unstandardized variables. Logistic regression indicated higher risks of past food habit change, underreporting of energy and higher body mass index (BMI) for individuals falling into ‘healthy’ food pattern clusters.ConclusionsThe utility in discriminating dietary exposures appears greater for unstandardized food group variables. Future studies on diet and cancer need to recognize the confounding factors associated with ‘healthy’ food patterns.

scholarly journals Diet and cancer in Northeast Brazil: evaluation of eating habits and food group consumption in relation to breast cancer

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 820-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Emília Leite de Lima ◽  
Maria do Rosário Dias de Oliveira Latorre ◽  
Maria José de Carvalho Costa ◽  
Regina Mara Fisberg
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Diet And Cancer ◽  
Control Study

A hospital-based case-control study was performed from August 2002 to November 2003 in Northeast Brazil. Eighty-nine women were recruited with histologically confirmed breast cancer (age 30-80 years), matched for age with 94 controls. Food consumption of cases and controls was evaluated by foods and food groups, categorized in consumption tertiles. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were obtained through unconditional logistic regression. Intake of fruits and juices, beans, and dairy products showed a strong association with reduced risk of breast cancer. Consumption of red and fried meat was positively associated with risk of breast cancer (red meat - OR = 4.30; 95%CI: 1.74-10.67; p for trend = 0.00). No association was observed in vegetable and sausage meat groups and breast cancer. Red and fried meat may be risk factors, and intake of fruit, beans, and dairy products may protect against breast cancer.

P0753HOW FREQUENTLY PATIENTS WITH RISK FACTORS FOR CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE ACHIEVE RECOMMENDATIONS OF FOOD CONSUMPTION FREQUENCY

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Corona Rodríguez ◽  
Roxana Michel Márquez Herrera ◽  
Laura Cortés Sanabria ◽  
Gabriela Karen Nuñez Murillo ◽  
Erika Fabiola Gomez Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background and Aims Risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), high blood pressure (HBP) and obesity are strongly related to negative lifestyle and nutritional habits. The aim of this study was to estimate the proportion of patients with and without risk factors for CKD who meet recommendations for food consumption. Method Cross-sectional study. A qualitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was applied. Consumption of each food group was classified as adequate or inadequate based on dietary guidelines (DASH and ENSANUT Mexican Guidelines). Sociodemographic, biochemical and clinical variables were measured. DM2, HBP and obesity were defined as risk factors. Results 744 adults were evaluated, age 51±16 y, 68% women, 59% without risk factors, 7% DM2, 17% HBP, 8% DM2+HBP, and 18% obesity. Glomerular filtration rate was 99 (89-100) mL/min/1.73m2. Differences in FFQ between groups were found in relation to consumption of legumes, fast food, sugar, sweets and desserts (p<0.05). Figure A shows the frequency of consumption of healthy and B, unhealthy foods. Conclusion In general, subjects in this sample had negative dietary habits, with <50% consuming healthy food and >50% consuming unhealthy food. Subjects without risk factors for CKD displayed a similar pattern of food consumption than those with risk factors, with only a significantly lower legumes intake than patients with HBP, and higher intake of sweets and desserts, sugar, and fast food compared to patients with DM2+HBP. It is necessary to implement strategies to prevent the long-term development of CKD in groups with poor adherence to healthy food consumption recommendations.

The changing role of convenience stores in South Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (7) ◽  
pp. 1642-1654 ◽  
Author(s):  
So-young Kim ◽  
Ji Yu Choi
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Food Environment ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Convenience Stores

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop policy recommendations for creating a healthy food environment around convenience stores which has been recently extending beyond the retail to the food retail and even to the foodservice market in South Korea. Design/methodology/approach This study was based on case studies of evaluating the nutritional quality of lunch box products sold by the Korean big 3 convenience store brands (CU, GS25 and 7-Eleven) as meal replacements. Samples of all lunch box products sold during October 2016 in Asan city, South Korea were collected for nutritional quality evaluation. Findings The amount of food items in the “Meats/Fish/Eggs/Legume” food group was 2.4 times the recommended intake, while that in the “Vegetables” food group was even less than one serving size. The most frequent cooking method both for the animal- and plant-based food groups was stir-frying. The average calories fell short of the reference value for men but exceeded it for women. The percentage energy contribution from fats exceeded the reference range. The average amounts of protein, saturated fat, cholesterol and sodium were higher than recommended. Originality/value This study calls attention to the necessity and importance of establishing a healthy food environment around convenience stores, given the ever-growing reliance on these establishments as a go-to spot for a convenient meal. The results may also provide useful insights for developing countries in Asia, which are being spotlighted as the emerging markets for convenience stores.

scholarly journals The reproducibility and stability of dietary patterns

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Orla Prendiville ◽  
Aoife E. McNamara ◽  
Lorraine Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Energy Contribution ◽  
Dietary Analysis ◽  
Breakfast Cereals ◽  
Time Points

AbstractA person's dietary intake consists of multiple foods eaten as part of a meal as opposed to any one single food/nutrient. Therefore, it is important to understand the interactions between foods and how they affect diet-disease associations. As a result, dietary patterns have emerged as important tools in nutrition research. The objective of the current study is to assess the reproducibility and stability of dietary patterns across four different time-points. Anthropometric measurements were taken from a subset of participants of a free-living cohort study (n = 94), followed by the administration of a 24-hour dietary recall once a month, for four months. The dietary data was entered into dietary analysis software, Nutritics, by two researchers independently, and cross-checked. Foods were assigned to one of 33 predefined food groups, which were further collapsed to 18 food groups based on previous research. Statistical analysis was then performed on the final dataset. Intra-class correlation coefficients were derived to assess the reproducibility of each food group across the four time-points. Variables were standardized using z-scores and dietary patterns were derived using K-means cluster analysis. Stability was assessed by coding participants into one of six groups based on their dietary pattern transition between visit one and four. Analysis of this sub cohort revealed that the intake of food groups (% energy contribution) was reproducible across the time-points. The majority had good to very good agreement, with vegetables and vegetable dishes having the strongest agreement (ICC = 0.831) followed by milk and yogurts (ICC = 0.773), fruit and fruit dishes (ICC = 0.729), and breakfast cereals (ICC = 0.680). Two distinct dietary patterns were identified at each time-point; a ‘Healthy’ and an ‘Unhealthy’ dietary pattern. The ‘Healthy’ dietary pattern was characterized by a significantly higher energy contribution (p < 0.05) from the following food groups – vegetables and vegetable dishes; fruit and fruit dishes; milk and yogurts; breakfast cereals; butter, spreading fats and oils. The analysis on stability demonstrated 42% of participants remained in the same dietary pattern, while 58% transitioned from one dietary pattern to the other. Our results to date demonstrate that two distinct dietary patterns can be derived across multiple time-points using cluster analysis and the food group composition of these dietary patterns can be considered reproducible. Future work will explore these dietary patterns further incorporating the entire cohort and linking stability to health parameters.

scholarly journals Sodium sources in the Japanese diet: difference between generations and sexes

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 2011-2023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiko Asakura ◽  
Ken Uechi ◽  
Shizuko Masayasu ◽  
Satoshi Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Asian Country ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Salt Reduction ◽  
Fish And Shellfish ◽  
Japanese Diet

AbstractObjectiveGlobally, the Na consumption of most people exceeds the WHO recommendation. To be effective, salt reduction programmes require assessment of the dietary sources of Na. Due to methodological difficulties however, comprehensive assessments are rare. Here, we identified Na sources in the Japanese diet using a 4 d diet record that was specifically designed for Na source description.DesignA cross-sectional study.SubjectsApparently healthy men (n 196) and women (n 196) aged 20–69 years.SettingThe subjects were recruited from twenty-three of forty-seven prefectures in Japan.ResultsThe proportion of discretionary Na intake in total Na intake was 52·3 % in men and 57·1 % in women, and was significantly lower in younger subjects. The two major food groups contributing to Na intake were seasonings such as salt or soya sauce (61·7 % of total Na intake in men, 62·9 % in women) and fish and shellfish (6·7 % in men, 6·6 % in women). The third major contributor differed between men and women (noodles in men, 4·9 %; bread in women, 5·0 %). Further, the contribution of each food group to total Na intake differed among age groups.ConclusionsWhile individual efforts to decrease Na intake remain important, population approaches to reducing Na content in processed foods are already equally important and will assume greater importance in the future even in Japan, an Asian country facing a rapid Westernization in dietary habits.

scholarly journals Comparison of cluster and principal component analysis techniques to derive dietary patterns in Irish adults

2008 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Áine P. Hearty ◽  
Michael J. Gibney
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Healthy Foods ◽  
Percentage Contribution ◽  
Group Variable

The aims of the present study were to examine and compare dietary patterns in adults using cluster and factor analyses and to examine the format of the dietary variables on the pattern solutions (i.e. expressed as grams/day (g/d) of each food group or as the percentage contribution to total energy intake). Food intake data were derived from the North/South Ireland Food Consumption Survey 1997–9, which was a randomised cross-sectional study of 7 d recorded food and nutrient intakes of a representative sample of 1379 Irish adults aged 18–64 years. Cluster analysis was performed using thek-means algorithm and principal component analysis (PCA) was used to extract dietary factors. Food data were reduced to thirty-three food groups. For cluster analysis, the most suitable format of the food-group variable was found to be the percentage contribution to energy intake, which produced six clusters: ‘Traditional Irish’; ‘Continental’; ‘Unhealthy foods’; ‘Light-meal foods & low-fat milk’; ‘Healthy foods’; ‘Wholemeal bread & desserts’. For PCA, food groups in the format of g/d were found to be the most suitable format, and this revealed four dietary patterns: ‘Unhealthy foods & high alcohol’; ‘Traditional Irish’; ‘Healthy foods’; ‘Sweet convenience foods & low alcohol’. In summary, cluster and PCA identified similar dietary patterns when presented with the same dataset. However, the two dietary pattern methods required a different format of the food-group variable, and the most appropriate format of the input variable should be considered in future studies.

scholarly journals Assessment of Dietary Exposure and Risk of DDT Concerning Freshwater Fish Aquaculture

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 9083
Author(s):  
Gyula Kasza ◽  
Tekla Izsó ◽  
Eszter Zita Csenki ◽  
Adrienn Micsinai ◽  
Brigitta Nyirő-Fekete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Ddt Metabolites ◽  
Complete Diet

Pesticides may accumulate in freshwater fish due to contamination from the environment. This paper reports on a risk assessment of DDT and DDT metabolites in carp. A survey was conducted about dietary habits among fish consumers. Cluster analysis was accomplished based on the frequency and amount of carp consumption. Classical and carcinogenic risk assessments were performed for the clusters. While DDT contamination was present, it was not found to be risky concerning the complete diet of the clusters (carcinogenic risk was also negligible), moreover, carp consumption did not contribute significantly to the risk level even in the case of the extreme consumers.

scholarly journals Development and evaluation of the US Healthy Food Diversity index

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (9) ◽  
pp. 1562-1574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Vadiveloo ◽  
L. Beth Dixon ◽  
Tod Mijanovich ◽  
Brian Elbel ◽  
Niyati Parekh
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Dietary Variety ◽  
Food Diversity ◽  
The Us ◽  
Healthy Food Diversity

Varied diets are diverse with respect to diet quality, and existing dietary variety indices do not capture this heterogeneity. We developed and evaluated the multidimensional US Healthy Food Diversity (HFD) index, which measures dietary variety, dietary quality and proportionality according to the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA). In the present study, two 24 h dietary recalls from the 2003–6 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used to estimate the intake of twenty-six food groups and health weights for each food group were informed by the 2010 DGA. The US HFD index can range between 0 (poor) and 1 − 1/n, where n is the number of foods; the score is maximised by consuming a variety of foods in proportions recommended by the 2010 DGA. Energy-adjusted Pearson's correlations were computed between the US HFD index and each food group and the probability of adequacy for fifteen nutrients. Linear regression was run to test whether the index differentiated between subpopulations with differences in dietary quality commonly reported in the literature. The observed mean index score was 0·36, indicating that participants did not consume a variety of healthful foods. The index positively correlated with nutrient-dense foods including whole grains, fruits, orange vegetables and low-fat dairy (r 0·12 to 0·64) and negatively correlated with added sugars and lean meats (r − 0·14 to − 0·23). The index also positively correlated with the mean probability of nutrient adequacy (r 0·41; P< 0·0001) and identified non-smokers, women and older adults as subpopulations with better dietary qualities. The US HFD index may be used to inform national dietary guidance and investigate whether healthful dietary variety promotes weight control.

Extended evaluation of urinary multi-biomarker analyses of mycotoxins in Swedish adults and children

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mitropoulou ◽  
L. Gambacorta ◽  
E. Warensjö Lemming ◽  
M. Solfrizzo ◽  
M. Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Exposure Risks

Biomarker-based methods are being more and more used to assess dietary exposure of mycotoxins in a population. The aim of the present study was to perform an extended analysis of urinary multiple mycotoxin levels and associations with background characteristics and food groups. Exposure assessment calculations were performed on three urine mycotoxins as described below and the probable daily intake (PDI) was compared with the established tolerable daily intake (TDI) to uncover potential exposure risks. The study population consisted of 250 adults and 50 school children in grade five from two surveys conducted by the Swedish National Food Agency. Six mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEA), fumonisin B1 (FB1), fumonisin B2 (FB2), ochratoxin A (OTA), and nivalenol (NIV) and four metabolites (deepoxy-deoxynivalenol (DOM-1), aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), α-zearalenol (α-ZOL) and β-zearalenol (β-ZOL) were measured by an ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry based method (LC-MS/MS). OTA and DON were the most commonly occurring mycotoxins in urine of both adults and children, 51 and 63%, respectively in adults and 96 and 94%, respectively in children. A positive correlation was found between urinary NIV and total cereal consumption among adults. ZEA, α-ZOL, β-ZOL and FB2 were significantly higher in females than males (P<0.01 for all). Adjusted OTA levels were inversely correlated with income in men. In children, the percentage DOM-1 positive samples were much higher compared to adults, 76 and 8% respectively, indicating a higher capacity to detoxify DON. The small sample size among children made it difficult to study associations between urine mycotoxins levels and food group intake. All PDI estimates [DON (with and without DOM-1), ZEA (with and without α-ZOL and β-ZOL) and FB1] were below the TDI values except for DON exposure in adults, as reported previously, 1.3% of the volunteers were above the TDI.

scholarly journals The Differential Effects of Physical Activity Calorie Equivalent Labeling on Consumer Preferences for Healthy and Unhealthy Food Products: Evidence from a Choice Experiment

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1860
Author(s):  
Xiaoke Yang ◽  
Yuanhao Huang ◽  
Mengzhu Han ◽  
Xiaoting Wen ◽  
Qiuqin Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Future Time Perspective ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Unhealthy Food ◽  
Food Groups

Background: Since numerical calorie labels have limited effects on less-calorie food ordering, an alternative called physical activity calorie equivalent (PACE) labels, which exhibit calories using visible symbols and the minutes of exercise to burn off the calories, may be more effective in reducing calories ordered. Methods: By using a choice experiment (CE) approach, the aims of this study were to estimate the effects of PACE labels on consumer preferences for healthy and unhealth food. Red date walnuts and potato chips were used as the representatives of healthy and unhealthy foods respectively in this study. Moreover, future time perspective (FTP) is an individual trait variable of consumers, which has been recognized as a significant driver of healthy behaviors. We also included FTP into the interaction with PACE labels. Results: Firstly, the results were opposite between the healthy and unhealthy food groups. Respondents showed significantly more positive attitudes toward red date walnuts (i.e., healthy food) with PACE labels, while they showed significantly more negative preferences for chips (i.e., unhealthy food) with PACE labels. Secondly, people with higher FTP are preferred red date walnuts with PACE labels, while PACE labels on chips could undermine the preferences of respondents with higher FTP. Thirdly, we found that women (vs. men) were less inclined to choose healthy food with standard calorie labels and labels showing the minutes of running to burn off the calories, as well as that the elderly (vs. younger) people in the healthy food group preferred the labels showing the minutes of running to burn off the calories. People with a higher body mass index (BMI) were reluctant to purchase walnuts with the information about the minutes of walking. Conclusions: Results from this study showed that PACE labels have significant effects on consumers’ preferences for food products.

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