Green accounting: from theory to practice

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEFFREY R. VINCENT
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
National Income ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Substantial Portion ◽  
Green Accounting ◽  
Theory To Practice ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
The World

A decade has passed since Wasting Assets, a study of Indonesia by Robert Repetto and colleagues at the World Resources Institute, drew widespread attention to the potential divergence between gross and net measures of national income. This was by no means the first ‘green accounting’ study. Martin Weitzman, John Hartwick, and Partha Dasgupta and Geoffrey Heal had all conducted seminal theoretical work in the 1970s. But the World Resources Institute study demonstrated that data were adequate even in a developing country to estimate adjustments for the depletion of some important forms of natural capital and that the adjustments could be large relative to conventional, gross measures of national product and investment. The adjusted, net measures suggested that a substantial portion of Indonesia's rapid economic growth during the 1970s and 1980s was simply the unsustainable ‘cashing in’ of the country's natural wealth.

CHINA — CAN RAPID ECONOMIC GROWTH CONTINUE?

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (02) ◽  
pp. 255-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREA BOLTHO
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Resource Reallocation ◽  
Labor Policies ◽  
Cheap Labor ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
The World ◽  
Catch Up

Between 1978 and 2000, Chinese GDP expanded more than seven-fold; present official projections suggest a further four-fold expansion to 2020. Is this feasible and, if so, what would be the consequences for the rest of the world? China has a huge catch-up potential and a vast resource of cheap labor. Policies are improving. The fiscal, employment and regional disparity problems, while serious, seem manageable. Hence, further rapid growth is possible. For the world economy this is bound to be beneficial thanks to resource reallocation, the growth of a large market and likely terms of trade gains. Developing countries, particularly in Asia, will, however feel a strong competitive challenge.

scholarly journals The economic tendencies, capital and inequalities

Bastina ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 239-262
Author(s):  
Slobodan Bracanović
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
National Income ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Basic Law ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Motor Activities ◽  
Property Income ◽  
Social Divide

Inequalities in: capital, property, income; the regulations are contemporary and global society. The rate income on capital surpasses rate the economic growth. Implement is enormous concentration of capital. Large is number a rich mans and extreme wealthy. On other side enormous majority is smaller the well-off and poor. Increase and the layer global plutocrats. Project is decelerate dynamics growth. The future is foggy uncertainty, as and full risky. Target of the work is perceive growth sociable a inequalities as the urgent contemporary the problem. Apply is various the methodology (historical, deductive-inductive, structural, comparative, statistical and other analysis). The problem it is concentration of capital and possibility reduce the social divide. Similarly swear, the problem is it and long-term the decelerate dynamics of the economic growth. Conclude is that beneficial influence powers of the convergence and (or) of the divergence, as and mixed of the efficiencies whose a resultant to be able in the direction reduce a global inequalities. Development individually a regions to be able and to dynamism of the economic growth. Philosophical and economic, rate the return of capital surpass the rate economic growth (p>g). This the trend anticipate is and in 21. century. "the first basic law of capitalism": a participation income of capital in national income (a) increase is rate the return (r) on capital and relation capital and income (b) that is a = r x b. "Other basic law of capitalism": relation capital and income (b) quotient is rate of saving (s) and rate growth of national income (g) that is b = s/g. "Law cumulative growth": rather small annual rate the return in long a deadline cause powerful growth, initial, of capital. "Law behavior": money and profit are motor activities! Richest the layer make one percentage of people (1%) on highest top of pyramid! Plutocracy create of the world politics.

scholarly journals The Influence of Zakat on Economic Growth and Welfare Society in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elleriz Aisha Khasandy ◽  
Rudy Badrudin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Structural Equation Model ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Gini Index ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Muslim Population ◽  
The World ◽  
Welfare Society

Indonesia as a one of the most significant Muslim population in the world has developed zakat rapidly; it is shown by the development of the zakat regulation and establishes of Badan Amil Zakat Nasional (BAZNAS). Zakat has many benefit for economic both of macro and micro aspect, such as foster inclusive economic growth. The objective of this study are 1) to examine the influence of zakat on economic growth and welfare society which uses 3 (three) indicators i.e.HDI, Percentage of Poor People, and GINI Index and 2) to investigate whether items of Theory Planned Behavior influence of zakat payment. The researcher used Structural Equation Model (SEM) with PLS software. The result showed that zakat in Indonesia does not influence economic growth and welfare society. Besides that, welfare society Indonesia as a developing country has a negative value to HDI and GINI index but has a positive value to Percentage of Poor People.

scholarly journals Монгол Улсад уул уурхайн бүтээгдэхүүний бирж байгуулах шаардлага, боломж

2013 ◽  
pp. 25-42
Author(s):  
Галсандорж Д
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Positive Result ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
World Market ◽  
International Exchange ◽  
Industry Sector ◽  
Negative Factor ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
The World

Монгол Улсын эдийн засаг өндөр хурдацтай өсч байгаа нь уул уурхайн салбарын өсөлттэй салшгүй холбоотой. Уул уурхайн салбарт өсөлт бий болж эерэг үр дүн гарч байгаа ч эрдсийн бүтээгдэхүүнийг олон улсын зах зээлийн үнээс хямд үнээр экспортлож байна. Үүний зэрэгцээ манай орны уул уурхайн худалдаа зохион байгуулалтгүй, төсвийн орлого бүрдэлт, эрдсийн бүтээгдэхүүний чанар, боловсруулалтын түвшин хангалтгүй байгаа нь олон улсын зах зээлд өрсөлдөх чадварыг сулруулж байгаа зэрэг сөрөг үзэгдэл байсаар байна.  Монгол Улсын уул уурхайн салбарт тулгарч байгаа асуудлыг судалж олон улсын жишгээр уул уурхайн бүтээгдэхүүний биржийг Монгол Улсад байгуулах нь зүйтэй гэсэн саналыг дэвшүүлж байна. Уул уурхайн бүтээгдэхүүний биржийн талаар судлахдаа манай орны эрдсийн бүтээгдэхүүний нөөц, үйлдвэрлэл, хэрэглээ болон олон улсын металлын биржийн туршлага зэргийг харгалзаж үзсэн болно.   Requirements and Opportunities for Establishment of Mining exchange in Mongolia  A rapid economic growth of Mongolia is inseparable linked to the development of mining industry. Although there is a positive result in the mining industry sector, mineral products are exported in low price compared to the world market one. Besides there is a negative factor that impacts on competitiveness of products in the world market budgeting due to the unorganized mining trading, and quality of mineral products is unsatisfactory. Establishment of Mining Exchange based on research of mining sector’s issues in Mongolia is required. The research on Mining Exchange of international exchange considered the experience of minerals reserve, manufacturing and consumption.

Global Megatrends

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Hajkowicz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Direct Control ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
The World ◽  
Trajectories Of Change ◽  
Changing Demographics ◽  
The Impact

A scarcity of natural resources. The challenge to protect biodiversity and the global climate. Rapid economic growth and urbanisation in Asia and the developing world. Changing demographics and an ageing population. The impact of new digital technologies. Consumer expectations for services, experiences and social interaction. An imperative to innovate. Megatrends are gradual yet powerful trajectories of change that have the potential to throw companies, individuals and societies into freefall. In Global Megatrends author Stefan Hajkowicz identifies these seven patterns of global change and tells a story about how the world will change over the next 20 years. The book captures the thinking of many dedicated scientists and researchers who have devoted their careers to exploring and understanding change. The change heralded by megatrends lies beyond our direct control but not beyond our influence. By getting a picture of how the world is changing and what these megatrends are, we can alter our destiny.

Financial Supports Provided to SMEs Within the Context of the European Union's Budget

2020 ◽  
pp. 309-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seda Sonmez Ozekicioglu ◽  
Filiz Yetiz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
National Income ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Support Programmes ◽  
The Eu

Along with their flexible production structures and rapid adaptation to technological innovations in the world economic race, SMEs are among the prominent wheels of both the EU economy and the whole world economy. In this chapter, the importance and the size of SMEs which contribute to production capacity, productive investments, economic growth, and national income, as well as employment and many other areas, are explicated using the current data; hence, the EU financial support programmes organized regarding the financial problems of SMEs are introduced. In this respect, the shares of the funding programmes offered to SMEs within the EU budget over the period from 2014 to 2020 in the Union's budget are assessed, and recommendations are made for the years 2021-2027.

Little Italy, Big Japan: Patterns of Continuity and Displacement among Italian Writers in Japan

2020 ◽  
pp. 137-192
Author(s):  
Michele Monserrati
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Italo Calvino ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
The World ◽  
Alberto Moravia ◽  
Post War ◽  
Italian Model ◽  
Little Italy

Chapter 3 fast forwards to the post-war years and the period of reconstruction, which featured rapid economic growth in both Italy and Japan. The chapter considers the writings of Fosco Maraini, Goffredo Parise, Alberto Moravia and Italo Calvino through the ideological framework of continuity and change that was widely debated in Japan at the time of its rapid modernization. The chapter main argument is that the perceived Japanese model of societal evolution, based on a relation of continuity with the country’s past and tradition, played a central role in the writing of Italians traveling to Japan in this period by virtue of generating a contrast with the Italian model of evolution, which was predicated upon rupture and displacement. The conclusion of the chapter advances the hypothesis of a neo-exotic wave of interest toward Japan, predicated upon post-Marxist intellectuals’ quest for areas of the world that (unlike Europe) had not yet fallen under the ideological and cultural dominion of the Cold War’s bipolar order.

Chapter 2. The World Economy

1968 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 18-31
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
North America ◽  
World Trade ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
The World ◽  
National Output ◽  
Parallel Acceleration

Fuller information confirms the estimates which we made six months ago and repeated in February that the total real national output of the industrial countries increased in 1967 by about 3 per cent and the value of world trade by 5 per cent. But, though the errors were not big in relation to the aggregate for the year, it has now become clear that our assessment of trends in the later months was not entirely accurate. The resumption of fairly rapid economic growth in North America of which we were already aware was in fact accompanied to a significantly greater extent than we previously realised by a parallel acceleration in continental Western Europe.

scholarly journals Role of Tourism in Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan Economy

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (4II) ◽  
pp. 985-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samina Khalil ◽  
Mehmood Khan Kakar ◽  
Waliullah .
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Alternative Form ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Foreign Reserve ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
The World ◽  
Multiplier Effects

Tourism activities are considered to be one of the major sources of economic growth. It can be regarded as a mechanism of generating the employment as well as income in both formal and informal sectors. Tourism supplements the foreign exchange earnings derived from trade in commodities and some times finance the import of capital goods necessary for the growth of manufacturing sectors in the economy. On the other hand rapid economic growth in the developed economies attracts foreign travels (Business travels), which leads to an increase in the foreign reserve of the country. Over the past several decades, international tourism has been gaining importance in many economies of the world. According to the World Tourism Organisation (2002), expenditures by 693 million international tourists traveling in 2001 totaled US $ 462 billion, roughly US $ 1.3 billion per day worldwide. In addition, tourists spending have served as an alternative form of exports, contributing to an ameliorated balance of payments through foreign exchange earnings in many countries. The rapid growth of tourism led to a growth of household incomes and government revenues directly and indirectly by means of multiplier effects, improving balance of payments and provoking tourism-promoted government policies. As a result, the development of tourism has generally been considered a positive contribution to economic growth.

scholarly journals China’s Democratization Revisited

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 494-504
Author(s):  
Dong-Ching Day
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Berlin Wall ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
The World ◽  
China Model ◽  
Being Bullied ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Democratic Country

When the Tiananmen Incident happened and the Berlin Wall collapsed in 1989 that indicated the end of the Cold War, some scholars predicted that China’s democratization would be realized in the short term. However, China not only didn’t become a democratic country, but also overtook Japan as the world number two economy in 2010; probably it will replace US as the world number one economy in 2030 which highly challenge the theory of economic growth bringing democratization. How come modernization theory doesn’t apply to China case after its rapid economic growth for decades?  The easiest way to argue why China hasn’t become democratic country based on theories of democratization is that they couldn’t fit into China’s special situation. If that is the case, then further question will be why China’s situation is so special and what are behind it. This paper is trying to explain why China hasn’t democratized from the perspective of identity, and elaborate that ‘Four insistences’, ‘Being bullied experiences’, and ‘Democracy’s disorder and China model’ are those factors enhancing China’s identity. If those factors don’t change, it is hard to see China democratization happening in the foreseeable future.

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