scholarly journals Population status, breeding biology and conservation of the Tristan Albatross Diomedea [exulans] dabbenena

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER G. RYAN ◽  
JOHN COOPER ◽  
JAMES P. GLASS
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Success ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
The Past ◽  
Population Decrease ◽  
Diomedea Exulans ◽  
Large Colony ◽  
Gough Island ◽  
Incomplete Coverage ◽  
Complete Survey ◽  
Central South

Tristan Albatross Diomedea [exulans] dabbenena is the most genetically distinct of the five taxa that form the Wan dering Albatross superspecies, and has been listed as Endangered. It breeds only on Gough and Inaccessible Islands in the Tristan da Cunha group, central South Atlantic Ocean. The entire breeding population was surveyed during 1999-2000. A mid-September survey at Gough Island recorded 1,129 chicks, equivalent to an annual breeding effort by approximately 1,500 pairs. Only one chick was present at Inaccessible Island in 1999, and another pair laid an egg in 2000. The annual breeding effort at this island has not exceeded three pairs since the 1950s. None were found during an incomplete survey at Tristan, where the species bred in the past, but birds were seen flying over the island. A complete survey and attempts to promote recolonization of Tristan are warranted. Breeding success at Gough Island averaged 63%, and no birds that bred successfully attempted to breed the following year. Breeding success was greater and less variable in a large colony at Gonydale than at a peripheral colony at Tafelkop. Young birds returned to the island after 3-4 years (4-5 years old), and the modal age of first breeding was 8 years, with some individuals breeding as young as 6 years. Most chicks (81%) recruited to their natal colony, but some recruited to colonies up to 3 km from their natal site. Among adults, fidelity to partners and breeding colony was high. Of nine birds recovered away from the island, at least four were killed by longline fishing. Despite its known mortality on longlines, the Gough Island census exceeded demipopulation estimates from the 1970s and early 1980s, possibly due to incomplete coverage by previous surveys and a poor breeding season in 1998. Given the lack of evidence for a population decrease, Tristan Albatross should be listed as Vulnerable. It is the third rarest albatross species, however, and its population size warrants monitoring. We provide guidelines for repeatable censuses at Gough Island.

Population development and historical occurrence of king penguins at the Falkland Islands

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 435-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre A. Pistorius ◽  
Alastair Baylis ◽  
Sarah Crofts ◽  
Klemens Pütz
Keyword(s):  
Extended Period ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Falkland Islands ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
The Past ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Large Colony ◽  
Recovery Response ◽  
The 19Th Century

AbstractAfter an extended period of sporadic sightings of small numbers of king penguins at the Falkland Islands, they established themselves on Volunteer Point, situated at the north-east of the islands, by the late 1970s. By 1980, a small breeding population was present which yielded some 40 fledglings during that same year. Since 1991, the population has been monitored annually and the resulting fledgling counts analysed to assess population trends. The population demonstrated a significant increase over the past three decades, at about 10% per annum, with time explaining 75% of the variation in count data. The current population is estimated to be 720 breeding pairs. Despite several authors having alluded to the existence of a large colony of king penguins at the Falklands prior to human exploitation, we found no evidence in support of this. We furthermore found no evidence in the literature in support of exploitation for king penguin oil during the 19th century. Unlike at other breeding sites, increasing numbers of king penguins at the Falklands is consequently unlikely to be a recovery response following exploitation, but rather an indication of either increased immigration or of improved feeding conditions.

scholarly journals Variation among colonies in breeding success and population trajectories of wandering albatrosses Diomedea exulans at South Georgia

Polar Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carola Rackete ◽  
Sally Poncet ◽  
Stephanie D. Good ◽  
Richard A. Phillips ◽  
Ken Passfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Breeding Success ◽  
Population Trends ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
South Georgia ◽  
Vortex Model ◽  
Demographic Rates ◽  
Diomedea Exulans ◽  
Adult Body ◽  
Provisioning Rate

AbstractThe wandering albatross, Diomedea exulans, is a globally threatened species breeding at a number of sites within the Southern Ocean. Across the South Georgia archipelago, there are differences in population trends even at closely located colonies. Between 1999 and 2018 the largest colony, at Bird Island, declined at 3.01% per annum, while in the Bay of Isles, the decline was 1.44% per annum. Using mean demographic rates from a 31-year study at Bird Island and an 11-year study of breeding success at Prion Island in the Bay of Isles in a VORTEX model, we show that differences in breeding success do not fully explain observed differences in population trends. Other potential contributing factors are differential use of foraging areas, with possible knock-on effects on adult body condition, provisioning rate and breeding success, or on bycatch rates of adults or immatures.

Genetic and archaeological evidence for a former breeding population of Aleutian Cackling Goose (Branta hutchinsii leucopareia) on Adak Island, central Aleutians, Alaska

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (8) ◽  
pp. 732-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.J. Wilson ◽  
S.J. Crockford ◽  
J.W. Johnson ◽  
R.S. Malhi ◽  
B.M. Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Control Region ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Cytb Gene ◽  
Breeding Ground ◽  
Before Present ◽  
European Contact ◽  
The Past

Many well-preserved bones of medium-sized goose have been recovered from the Zeto Point archaeological site (ADK-011) on Adak Island in the central Aleutians, Alaska, that date to ca. 170–415 years before present based on conventional radiometric dates of the deposits. This prehistoric sample includes remains of adults and unfledged goslings that defied confident identification based on osteological criteria. While the presence of newborns indicates that Adak was a breeding ground, which species was doing the nesting remained uncertain. Of the five species of medium-sized goose (order Anseriformes, family Anatidae) known or presumed to visit Adak Island, three are rarely sighted. The only common visitor is the Emperor Goose ( Chen canagica (Sevastianov, 1802)). The Aleutian Cackling Goose ( Branta hutchinsii leucopareia (Brandt, 1836)) breeds elsewhere in the Aleutians but does not currently breed on Adak Island and there are no records of it nesting there in the past. Here DNA sequences from portions of the cytochrome b (cytb) gene and the control region (CR) of the mitochondrial genome were recovered from 28 of 29 Adak prehistoric goose remains. All adult specimens identified to species were either C. canagica or B. h. leuopareia, but all specifically identified juvenile specimens were B. h. leuopareia. The results demonstrate that Adak Island was a breeding ground of the Aleutian Cackling Goose prior to European contact.

scholarly journals Mouse eradication is required to prevent local extinction of an endangered seabird on an oceanic island

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher W. Jones ◽  
Michelle M. Risi ◽  
Alexis M. Osborne ◽  
Peter G. Ryan ◽  
Steffen Oppel
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Success ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
House Mice ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Gough Island ◽  
Invasive Mammals ◽  
Population Trajectory ◽  
The Impact

AbstractPetrels (Procellariidae) are a highly diverse family of seabirds, many of which are globally threatened due to the impact of invasive species on breeding populations. While predation by invasive cats and rats has led to the extinction of petrel populations, the impact of invasive house mice Mus musculus is slower and less well documented. However, mice impact small burrow-nesting species such as MacGillivray’s prion Pachyptila macgillivrayi, a species classified as endangered because it has been extirpated on islands in the Indian Ocean by introduced rodents. We use historic abundance data and demographic monitoring data from 2014 to 2020 to predict the population trajectory of MacGillivray’s prion on Gough Island with and without a mouse eradication using a stochastic integrated population model. Given very low annual breeding success (0.01 fledglings per breeding pair in ‘poor’ years (83%) or 0.38 in ‘good’ years (17%), n = 320 nests over 6 years) mainly due to mouse predation, our model predicted that the population collapsed from ~3.5 million pairs in 1956 to an estimated 175,000 pairs in 2020 despite reasonably high adult survival probability (ϕ = 0.901). Based on these parameters, the population is predicted to decline at a rate of 9% per year over the next 36 years without a mouse eradication, with a 31% probability that by 2057 the MacGillivray’ prion population would become extremely vulnerable to extinction. Our models predict population stability (λ = 1.01) and a lower extinction risk (<10%) if mouse eradication on Gough Island restores annual breeding success to 0.519, which is in line with that of closely-related species on predator-free islands. This study demonstrates the devastating impacts that introduced house mice can have on small burrowing petrels and highlights the urgency to eradicate invasive mammals from oceanic islands.

Breeding success of Northern Rockhopper Penguins (Eudyptes moseleyi) at Gough Island, South Atlantic Ocean

2010 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Wilson ◽  
M.-H. Burle ◽  
R. Cuthbert ◽  
R. L. Stirnemann ◽  
P. G. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Breeding Success ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
South Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Gough Island

The Communist Party of Cuba Since the First Congress

1980 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
William M. Leogrande
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Full Account ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
The Past ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
Complete Survey

The main concern of the Communist Party of Cuba (PCC) in recent years has been to lead and supervise the implementation of the resolutions adopted at its First Congress in 1975. Those resolutions cover a broad range of political, social, and economic issues, so that a full account of the Party's work over the past 5 years would require a complete survey of Cuba's domestic and foreign policies during that period.1 The very breadth of the PCC's work agenda in the latter half of the 1970s indicates how much the role of the Party in Cuba has evolved over the past decade;2 such responsibilities demonstrate a continuation of the process of strengthening the Party begun in the early 1970s.

The origin of finches on Tristan da Cunha and Gough Island, central South Atlantic ocean

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 299-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter G. Ryan ◽  
Luke B. Klicka ◽  
Keith F. Barker ◽  
Kevin J. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
South Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Tristan Da Cunha ◽  
Gough Island ◽  
Central South

scholarly journals 36. Commission De La Spectrophotometrie

1950 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 369-406
Author(s):  
M. M. G. J. Minnaert
Keyword(s):  
Past Work ◽  
The Past ◽  
Complete Survey ◽  
Post War

By publishing at each meeting a report on the progress of astronomical spectrophotometry, our Commission has done in the past work which has been appreciated. Such a report may be expected to be of special usefulness in the present circumstances, after the disruption of normal communications for so many years. For this purpose, an attempt has been made to give a list of the most important publications, as a bibliographical appendix to this report. The titles are quoted in abridged form. My thanks are due to many members of the Commission, who contributed materially to this list and helped me with important information. I apologize for omissions, nearly inevitable in this post-war period. In future some restriction of the field of our activity ought to be considered; spectrophotometry is nowadays so general an astrophysical method, that it is nearly impossible to give a more or less complete survey of its applications to all different fields of our science. This report was finished on January 1, 1948. A few recent publications have been included in the bibliographical list.

scholarly journals Recent Activities of Catholic Historians

1921 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 203-217
Author(s):  
Patrick Joseph Healy
Keyword(s):  
Historical Writing ◽  
Ecclesiastical History ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Complete Survey ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Bibliographical Survey

In ordinary times a paper on Recent Activities of Catholic Historians could have meant nothing more than a bibliographical survey or a critical enumeration of the writings of Catholic authors on the subject of ecclesiastical history during the preceding year or even the preceding six months. Such an approach to the matter is now impossible. The last four years have been lean years in historical bibliography. Historians may not have been idle; but they have concerned themselves more with the problems of the present than with the problems of the past. The output of historical works has been meager. Our knowledge of them is more meager still. We have not only been shut off, through the exigencies of war, from a large part of the world, but we have been deprived of the guidance of historical periodicals which would make it possible to give a complete survey of the actual conditions of historical writing and investigation at the present. Many of these periodicals have gone out of existence, others have been temporarily suspended, and many more have been inaccessible because of censorship regulations, while others have changed their character to such a degree that they hardly deserve the name of historical magazines.

scholarly journals Breeding success and breeding population trends of waterfowl: implications for monitoring

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mia Rönkä ◽  
Lennart Saari ◽  
Martti Hario ◽  
Jari Hänninen ◽  
Esa Lehikoinen
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Success ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Population Trends
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