scholarly journals Conservation evaluation for birds of Brachylaena woodland and mixed dry forest in north-east Tanzania

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert J. Cordeiro ◽  
Mwangi Githiru
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Charcoal Production ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Forest Reserves ◽  
North East ◽  
Lowland Forests ◽  
Conservation Concern ◽  
Conservation Evaluation

Three forest and woodland sites were surveyed in the lowlands of the East Usambara mountains, Tanzania, from August to October, 1996. Bombo East I and II Proposed Forest Reserves (PFR) and Bombo West FR were previously unknown biologically. Our fieldwork revealed several records of conservation interest. Four species of global conservation concern (Amani Sunbird Anthreptes pallidigaster, Southern Banded Snake Eagle Circaetus fasciolatus, Fischer's Turaco Tauraco fischeri and Plain-backed Sunbird Anthreptes reichenowi) were recorded, with a further seven species of regional concern. These sites were not as rich in bird species as other East Usambara lowland forests. Bombo East I PFR had the highest richness, which included the presence of three montane species that were most likely cold-season visitors. The Endangered Sokoke Scops Owl Otus ireneae, otherwise known from similar woodland habitat in Kenya as well as lowland forest in the East Usambaras, was apparently absent at these sites. It is also clear from our survey that at least four threatened mammals and one possibly endemic snake inhabit the Brachylaena woodlands and mixed dry forest. Thus, our results indicate that the previously unexplored Brachylaena woodlands and mixed dry forest in north-east Tanzania are an additional habitat to some fauna of threatened status and do, therefore, merit conservation attention. The Brachylaena tree is highly favoured for charcoal production and the enormous demand for this product is increasing the degradation of these woodland patches. Larger tracts of unprotected Brachylaena woodland should receive immediate conservation attention.

scholarly journals Climatic effects on turnover of lowland forest bird communities across a precipitation gradient

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Gomez ◽  
José Miguel Ponciano ◽  
Scott K. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Environmental Filtering ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Precipitation Gradient ◽  
Climatic Effects ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Abundance And Distribution

AbstractOne of the main goals of community ecology is to understand the influence of the abiotic environment on the abundance and distribution of species. It has been hypothesized that dry forests are harsher environments than wet forests, which leads to the prediction that environmental filtering should be a more important determinant of patterns of species abundance and composition than in wet forest, where biotic interactions or random assembly should be more important. We attempt to understand the influence of rainfall on the abundance and distribution of bird species along a steep precipitation gradient in an inter-Andean valley in Colombia. We gathered data on species distributions, abundance, morphological traits and phylogenetic relationships to determine the influence of rainfall on the taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic turnover of species along the Magdalena Valley. We demonstrate that there is a strong turnover of community composition at the limit of the dry forest. The taxonomic turnover is steeper than the phylogenetic turnover, suggesting that replacement of closely related species accounts for a disproportionate number of changes along the gradient. We found evidence for environmental filtering in dry forest as species tend to be more tolerant of higher temperature ranges, stronger rainfall seasonality and lower minimum rainfall. On the other hand, wet forest species tend to compete actively for nest space but not for the resources associated with the axes we measured. Our results suggest that rainfall is a strong determinant of community composition when comparing localities above and below the 2400 mm rainfall isocline.

New GPS technology improves fix success for large mammal collars in dense tropical forests

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias W. Tobler
Keyword(s):  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Temperate Forests ◽  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Gps Collars ◽  
Poor Access ◽  
Lowland Forests

There have been few telemetry studies on large and medium-sized mammals from Neotropical lowland forests. This can partly be explained by the difficulty of tracking animals with radio-telemetry in these forests, often in remote areas with poor access due to limited transportation infrastructure. Researchers have been forced to follow their collared animals by aeroplane (Crawshaw 1995, Fragoso 1998, Rabinowitz & Nottingham 1986), but aerial telemetry is dangerous and involves difficult logistics and high costs. GPS (Global Positioning System) collars that allow the collection of data automatically at long intervals would be a good alternative. The effect of canopy cover on GPS fix success and location accuracy was of concern from the beginning and has been widely investigated in temperate forests (D'Eon 2003, Di Orio et al. 2003, Dussault et al. 1999, Moen et al. 1996, Rempel et al. 1995). All studies found a significant decrease in fix success and a large increase in location errors under forest canopy. Tropical lowland rain forests have a much denser canopy than temperate forests, and up to now the performance of GPS collars in tropical forest has been very poor. Rumiz & Venegas (2006) showed that while GPS collars worked in the dry forest of the Bolivian Chaco, they only obtained a successful fix in 1–3% of all attempts in the lowland forest of the Madidi National Park, Bolivia.

scholarly journals The conservation status of key bird species on Taliabu and the Sula Islands, Indonesia

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Davidson ◽  
Tony Stones ◽  
Rob Lucking
Keyword(s):  
Forest Type ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Montane Forest ◽  
Restricted Range ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Lowland Forests ◽  
First Time ◽  
Near Threatened

SummaryOrnithological surveys were conducted over a seven-week period on Taliabu, Sula Islands, Indonesia in 1991, concentrating on eight species (seven of which have restricted ranges) considered (in 1991) to be threatened and six species (two of which have restricted ranges) considered near-threatened. All of the restricted-range species are dependent on lowland forest, although most persist in secondary habitats, and some also occur in montane forest. Tyto nigrobrunnea was recorded for the first time since the type-specimen was collected in 1938, and is perhaps the most threatened of all the restricted-range birds. Megapodius bernsteinii, Pitta dohertyi, Rhinomyias colonus, Basilornis galeatus and Streptocitta albertinae are threatened in the longer term, primarily by habitat loss. Both Coracina schistacea and C. sula are able to persist in all but the most degraded of habitats. Of the two restricted-range species considered near-threatened, Zoothera erythronota is at greatest risk on Taliabu, apparently restricted to lowland forests. The other, Ptilinopus subgularis, is common in lowland forest and also occurs in montane forest. Little primary lowland forest was found in the areas visited on the island, and identifying remaining areas of this forest type and its relative importance to the birds, especially restricted-range species, should be given highest priority in further surveys. The suitability of a proposed reserve area on the island was evaluated: a larger area of lowland forest than is currently proposed should be afforded protection in order to safeguard the island's characteristic avifauna.

The consequences of selective logging for Bornean lowland forest birds

1992 ◽  
Vol 335 (1275) ◽  
pp. 443-457 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Selective Logging ◽  
Forest Birds ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Bird Conservation ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Dipterocarp Forest ◽  
Logged Forest ◽  
Lowland Dipterocarp Forest

In lowland dipterocarp forest in Sabah, Malaysia, most primary forest bird species were present in areas selectively logged eight years previously. However, certain taxa, notably flycatchers, woodpeckers, trogons and wren-babblers, became comparatively rare. In contrast, nectarivorous and opportunistic frugivorous species were significantly more abundant. Few species appeared to change foraging height, but netting rates suggest that the activity of some species had increased, or that some birds ranged over larger areas after logging. Although there is still much to be learned about the survival of birds in logged forest, large areas of this habitat are important for bird conservation. However, the susceptibility of logged forest to fire, and our present incomplete understanding of bird behaviour and population dynamics in logged forests mean that they should not be considered by conservationists as alternatives to reserves of primary forest.

scholarly journals Fruiting phenology and consumption by birds in Ficus calyptroceras (Miq.) Miq. (Moraceae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. RAGUSA-NETTO
Keyword(s):  
Food Resource ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Frugivorous Birds ◽  
Fruiting Phenology ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Seed Dispersers ◽  
Wet And Dry Seasons

Figs are a remarkable food resource to frugivores, mainly in periods of general fruit scarcity. Ficus calyptroceras Miq. (Moraceae) is the only fig species in a type of dry forest in western Brazil. In this study I examined the fruiting pattern as well as fig consumption by birds in F. calyptroceras. Although rainfall was highly seasonal, fruiting was aseasonal, since the monthly proportion of fruiting trees ranged from 4% to 14% (N = 50 trees). I recorded 22 bird species feeding on figs. In the wet season 20 bird species ate figs, while in the dry season 13 did. Parrots were the most important consumers. This group removed 72% and 40% of the figs consumed in the wet and dry seasons, respectively. No bird species increases fig consumption from dry to wet season. However, a group of bird species assumed as seed dispersers largely increases fig consumption from wet to dry season, suggesting the importance of this resource in the period of fruit scarcity. The results of this study points out the remarkable role that F. calyptroceras plays to frugivorous birds, in such a dry forest, since its fruits were widely consumed and were available all year round.

scholarly journals Is it safe to nest near bold neighbours? Spatial patterns in predation risk associated with the density of American Golden-Plover nest

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Andrée Giroux ◽  
Myriam Trottier-Paquet ◽  
Joël Bêty ◽  
Vincent Lamarre ◽  
Nicolas Lecomte
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Artificial Nests ◽  
Species Of Conservation Concern ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Conservation Concern ◽  
Golden Plover ◽  
Mobbing Behaviour

Predation is one of the main factors explaining nesting mortality in most bird species. Birds can avoid nest predation or reduce predation pressure by breeding at higher latitude, showing anti-predator behaviour, and nesting in association with protective species. Plovers actively defend their territory by displaying early warning and aggressive/mobbing behaviour, potentially benefiting the neighbouring nests by decreasing their predation risk. To test for the existence of such a protective effect, we studied the influence of proximity to plover nests on predation risk of artificial nests on Igloolik Island (Nunavut, Canada) in July 2014. We predicted that the predation risk of artificial nests increases and decreases with the distance to and the density of plover nests, respectively. We monitored 18 plover nests and set 35 artificial nests at 30, 50, 100, 200 and 500 m from seven of those plover nests. Surprisingly, we showed that predation risk of artificial nests increases with the density of active plover nests. We also found a significant negative effect of the distance to the nearest active protector nest on predation risk of artificial nests. Understanding how the composition and structure of shorebird communities generate spatial patterns in predation risks represent a key step to better understand the importance of these species of conservation concern in tundra food webs.

KEANEKARAGAMAN, DESKRIPSI DAN KUNCI DETERMINASI Artabotrys R. Br. (Annonaceae) PULAU JAWA DAN KEPULAUAN SUNDA KECIL

Jurnal BIOMA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Rina Trihandayani Putri ◽  
Rugayah Rugayah ◽  
Agung Sedayu
Keyword(s):  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Taxonomic Study ◽  
Phenetic Analysis ◽  
West Java ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Determination Key ◽  
Lowland Forests

ABSTRACT A taxonomic study of the genus Artabotrys R. Br. (Annonaceae) in Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands was conducted based on morphological characters. The objective of this study is to determine the diversity, describe and make determination key of Artabotrys which found in Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands. The method used in this study is descriptive. This study was conducted on May-June 2015 in the collection room wing B 2nd floor, type room, and Laboratory of Biosystematic Herbarium Bogoriense - Bidang Botani Puslit Biologi LIPI, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java. The result showed that there are three species of Artabotrys in Java and Lesser Sunda Islands. Artabotrys species found in Java, namely A. hexapetalus, A. suaveolens and A. sumatranus, while the species of the Lesser Sunda Islands only A. hexapetalus. Phenetic analysis shows that the species of Artabotrys in Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands are divided into two subgroups. Determination key and descriptions also provided to identify the species of Artabotrys in Java and Lesser Sunda Islands. Artabotrys natural habitat is lowland forest but now lowland forests decreased. This can lead to biodiversity (including Artabotrys) to be reduced, so that conservation need to be done (conservation both on Artabotrys and lowland forest).   Keywords : Artabotrys, Annonaceae, diversity, determination key, Lesser Sunda Islands

Seasonal use of waterholes and pathways by macrofauna in the dry forest of Costa Rica

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor H. Montalvo ◽  
Carolina Sáenz-Bolaños ◽  
Luis D. Alfaro ◽  
Juan C. Cruz ◽  
Flavio H. Guimarães-Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Ecological Understanding ◽  
Large Bird ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Trail Cameras ◽  
Almost All ◽  
North Western

AbstractTemporal and spatial scarcity of water in semi-arid and seasonal ecosystems often leads to changes in movements and behaviour of large vertebrates, and in the neotropics this dynamic is poorly understood due to logistical and methodological limitations. Here we used camera trapping to elucidate variation in patterns of seasonal use of waterholes and pathways by 10 large-mammal and four large-bird species in the dry forest of north-western Costa Rica. From 2011 to 2015, we deployed trail cameras at 50 locations, including waterholes and three types of pathway (roads, human trails and animal paths). We used Generalized Linear Models to evaluate the effect of location and seasonality on the rates at which independent photographs were taken. We found interacting effects of location and seasonality for the capuchin monkey (Cebus capucinus), the tiger heron (Trigrisoma mexicanum), the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and the tapir (Tapirus bairdii) suggesting that these species were the most influenced by waterholes during the dry season. Comparison of waterhole sites and specific types of pathways (roads, animal paths and human trails) showed that location influenced photo-capture rates of almost all species, suggesting a useful insight to avoid and account for bias in camera trap studies. Furthering our ecological understanding of seasonal water regimes and large vertebrates’ behaviours allow for better understanding of the consequences of climate change on them.

Fig-eating by birds in a Malaysian lowland rain forest

1989 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Lowland Rain Forest

ABSTRACTSixty bird species ate the figs of 29 Ficus taxa at a lowland forest site in Peninsular Malaysia. Although most bird-eaten figs were brightly coloured, four Ficus species produced dull-coloured ripe fruits. Whilst there was tremendous overlap in the sizes of figs eaten by different bird species, data presented show that the fig resource was partitioned by birds. Large birds were commoner visitors to large-fruited Ficus, but small birds tended to eat small figs. Within two avian genera, the Treron pigeons and Megalaima barbets, there was distinct partitioning of figs consumed according to fig size.

Hollow-using vertebrate fauna of Tasmania: distribution, hollow requirements and conservation status

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia J. Koch ◽  
Sarah A. Munks ◽  
Eric J. Woehler
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
National Level ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
The State ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Vertebrate Fauna ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Arboreal Marsupials ◽  
Regional Forest

In Tasmania, a considerable proportion of the forested landscape is available for land clearance and production forestry, which has and will continue to result in a decline in hollow availability unless managed appropriately. All hollow-using species are listed as having priority status under the Tasmanian Regional Forest Agreement. To ensure the habitat for hollow-using fauna is managed effectively, we first have to understand the requirements of the species involved. This paper is a review of the distribution, hollow requirements and conservation status of the five species of arboreal marsupials, eight species of bats and 29 bird species that use hollows in Tasmania. The number of species that use hollows is lower than in many other areas of Australia, but these species represent a large proportion of the vertebrate fauna of Tasmania. Three of these species and nine subspecies are endemic to Tasmania and seven are exotic. Four bird species are listed as Threatened at the state and/or national level. Twenty-five of Tasmania’s hollow-using species are capable of using small hollows, 14 can use medium-sized hollows and three bird species are limited to using large hollows. Current records indicate that the highest diversity of hollow-using species is associated with dry forest areas.

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