Refining of High-Yield Wood Pulp

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 54-55
Author(s):  
Russell A. Parham
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Pulp Fibers ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Paper Properties ◽  
Intercellular Matrix ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Selection Of

As the supply of wood for paper and other wood fiber products constantly dwindles, the ensuing economic situation demands that wood pulping procedures be modified to provide higher yields of usable wood substance. Mechanical, semichemical, and strictly chemical methods are presently employed to reduce wood to its fibrous components. However, use of pulp fibers for high quality papers requiring whiteness or other specific attributes limits the selection of suitable pulping routes. Essentially, for quality products, it is the residual wood lignin — the intercellular matrix and cell wall encrustant (commonly 25-30% of the wood) — that is largely removed, since it exerts a general negative effect on most paper properties. Resultant pulp yields are usually in the range of 55-60%, also reflecting the loss of some wood carbohydrates that are intimately associated with the lignin structure.

Selection of high-quality sperm with thousands of parallel channels

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Simchi ◽  
Jason Riordon ◽  
Jae Bem You ◽  
Yihe Wang ◽  
Sa Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Sperm Selection ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Parallel Channels ◽  
Selection Of

A 3D-structured sperm selection device is presented that achieves both high selectivity and high yield via thousands of parallel channels. The device significantly outperforms the best clinical practice by selecting ∼100 000 of higher-quality sperm.

The parameters affecting seam quality: a comprehensive review

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esra Zeynep Yıldız ◽  
Oktay Pamuk
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sewing Thread ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
End Use ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose The conversion of fabric into a garment involves many interactions such as the selection of suitable sewing thread, optimization of sewing parameters, ease of conversion of fabric into the garment and actual performance of the sewn fabric during wear of the garment. The adjustment of all sewing parameters is necessary to ensure quality. The purpose of this paper is to define the parameters that affect seam quality comprehensively. Design/methodology/approach This study primarily focuses on the studies dealing with the effect of various parameters on-seam quality in detail. A systematic literature review was conducted. Findings The interactions between parameters may lead to different results than the effect of a single parameter. In addition, changing some parameters may have a positive effect on one element of seam quality while having a negative effect on another. For this reason, it is very important to properly select the parameters according to the specific end use of the garment products and also to consider the interactions. Originality/value The knowledge of various factors that affect seam quality will be helpful for manufacturers to improve production performance and to be able to produce high-quality seam.

Improvement of Waste Paper Pulp Properties by Using Aspen High-Yield Pulp

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 2695-2698
Author(s):  
Jie Ren ◽  
Chuan Shan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
Waste Paper ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Paper Pulp ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Paper Recycling ◽  
Paper Properties ◽  
The Public ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Pulp Properties

Because of the public environmental awareness growing and Fibrous raw material shortage, waste paper recycling has received widespread attention, increased year by year. Waste paper fiber through the whole process of pulping and papermaking, different production processes and the use of environment, waste paper fiber can occur in many different changes compared with the original fiber, accordingly the paper properties change.In this study, a high-quality aspen high-yield pulp (HYP) was used to improve the Waste paper pulp properties at the laboratory scale.The results indicate that adding 25% aspen HYP into unrefined or refined Waste paper fiber can minimize many of the drawbacks associated with Waste paper fiber: improving its drainage, bulk, and opacity. And addition of a small amount (about 1%) of cationicstarch can also significantly increase the tensile index of OCC.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN KARAKTER FENOTIPIK DAN HASIL BIJI PLASMA NUTFAH KACANG TUNGGAK [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] MENURUT ANALISIS LINTASAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mastur Mastur ◽  
Mamik Setyowati ◽  
Dwi N. Susilowati
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
High Yield ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Phenotypic Characters ◽  
Breeding Activity ◽  
Selection Of

Selection of high quality seedling through plant breeding activity can be conducted using yielded seeds, but usually it produces a low heritability. Therefore, this study was aimed to examine and analize several secondary phenotypic characters of 115 cowpea germ plasms in relation to seed yield. Relationship between secondary characters and seed yield was analyzed using path analysis. The result of path analysis showed that the number of cluster and the number of pod exhibited direct and significant effect to the seed yield of cowpea. Therefore, number of cluster and number of pod are necessary to be included as the selection criteria for breeding programme to produce high quality cowpea seedling with high yield.

scholarly journals Ecofriendly and innovative processing of hemp hurds fibers for tissue and towel paper

BioResources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 706-720
Author(s):  
Ved Naithani ◽  
Preeti Tyagi ◽  
Hasan Jameel ◽  
Lucian A. Lucia ◽  
Lokendra Pal
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Pulp Fibers ◽  
Paper Properties ◽  
Hemp Fibers ◽  
Tissue Paper ◽  
Hardwood Pulp

An innovative approach for preparing hemp fibers from hemp hurds for use in tissue and towel grades of paper is described. Hemp hurds are a low value by-product of industrial hemp processing that are generally used for animal bed litter. Tissue paper was fabricated from hemp hurd fibers by following three pulping processes: autohydrolysis (hydrothermal), sodium carbonate-based defibration, and high yield kraft pulping, and benchmarked against hardwood pulp. To meet industrial standards, hardwood and hemp pulp fibers were mixed at a dry mass ratio of 75:25, from which tissue paper sheets were prepared. Desirable tissue paper properties, such as water absorption, burst resistance, softness, and tensile strength (dry and wet), were measured and compared. Characterization of morphological and chemical properties of tissue handsheets was conducted with SEM and time-of-flight-secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). The combined kraft pulped hardwood and autohydrolyzed hemp pulp fibers displayed improvements in tensile index, burst resistance, and softness of tissue handsheets compared to only kraft hardwood pulp handsheets without adversely impacting water absorption. Hardwood fibers showed a sparse distribution of surface lignin compared to hemp fibers using the same defibration. This technology can lead to a variety of eco-friendly tissue paper products that are not only highly energy efficient, but avoid harsh chemical processing.

SEM Study of Tension Wood Fiber Morphology and its Effect on Paper Properties

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 308-309
Author(s):  
K. W. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Tension Wood ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Fiber Morphology ◽  
Paper Properties ◽  
Pure Cellulose ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Hardwood Trees ◽  
Sem Study

Tension wood (TW) is an abnormal tissue of hardwood trees; although it has been isolated from most parts of the tree, it is frequently found on the upper side of branches and leaning stems. TW has been classically associated with geotropic alignment, but more recently it has been associated with fast growth. Paper made from TW is generally lower in strength properties. Consequently, the paper industries' growing dependence on fast growing, short- rotation trees will result in higher amounts of TW in the final product and a corresponding reduction in strength.Relatively few studies have dealt with the role of TW in the structure of paper. It was suggested that the lower strength properties of TW were due to a combination of factors, namely, its unique morphology, compression failures in the cell wall, and lower hemicellulose content. Central to the unique morphology of the TW fiber is the thick gelatinous layer (G-layer) composed almost entirely of pure cellulose.

scholarly journals Identification of the Optimum Environments for the High Yield and Quality Traits of Lentil Genotypes Evaluated in Multi-Location Trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8247
Author(s):  
Dimitrios N. Vlachostergios ◽  
Christos Noulas ◽  
Anastasia Kargiotidou ◽  
Dimitrios Baxevanos ◽  
Evangelia Tigka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Superior Genotypes ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Ideal

Lentil is a versatile and profitable pulse crop with high nutritional food and feed values. The objectives of the study were to determine suitable locations for high yield and quality in terms of production and/or breeding, and to identify promising genotypes. For this reason, five lentil genotypes were evaluated in a multi-location network consisting of ten diverse sites for two consecutive growing seasons, for seed yield (SY), other agronomic traits, crude protein (CP), cooking time (CT) and crude protein yield (CPY). A significant diversification and specialization of the locations was identified with regards to SY, CP, CT and CPY. Different locations showed optimal values for each trait. Locations E4 and E3, followed by E10, were “ideal” for SY; locations E1, E3 and E7 were ideal for high CP; and the “ideal” locations for CT were E3 and E5, followed by E2. Therefore, the scope of the cultivation determined the optimum locations for lentil cultivation. The GGE-biplot analysis revealed different discriminating abilities and representativeness among the locations for the identification of the most productive and stable genotypes. Location E3 (Orestiada, Region of Thrace) was recognized as being optimal for lentil breeding, as it was the “ideal” or close to “ideal” for the selection of superior genotypes for SY, CP, CT and CPY. Adaptable genotypes (cv. Dimitra, Samos) showed a high SY along with excellent values for CP, CT and CPY, and are suggested either for cultivation in many regions or to be exploited in breeding programs.

scholarly journals A Novel and Efficient High-Yield Method for Preparing Bacterial Ghosts

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 420
Author(s):  
Yi Ma ◽  
Liu Cui ◽  
Meng Wang ◽  
Qiuli Sun ◽  
Kaisheng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Expression System ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Efficient Protection ◽  
Bacterial Ghosts ◽  
Cell Envelopes ◽  
Extracellular Structures ◽  
First Time

Bacterial ghosts (BGs) are empty cell envelopes possessing native extracellular structures without a cytoplasm and genetic materials. BGs are proposed to have significant prospects in biomedical research as vaccines or delivery carriers. The applications of BGs are often limited by inefficient bacterial lysis and a low yield. To solve these problems, we compared the lysis efficiency of the wild-type protein E (EW) from phage ΦX174 and the screened mutant protein E (EM) in the Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) strain. The results show that the lysis efficiency mediated by protein EM was improved. The implementation of the pLysS plasmid allowed nearly 100% lysis efficiency, with a high initial cell density as high as OD600 = 2.0, which was higher compared to the commonly used BG preparation method. The results of Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence indicate that the expression level of protein EM was significantly higher than that of the non-pLysS plasmid. High-quality BGs were observed by SEM and TEM. To verify the applicability of this method in other bacteria, the T7 RNA polymerase expression system was successfully constructed in Salmonella enterica (S. Enterica, SE). A pET vector containing EM and pLysS were introduced to obtain high-quality SE ghosts which could provide efficient protection for humans and animals. This paper describes a novel and commonly used method to produce high-quality BGs on a large scale for the first time.

scholarly journals Genomic Prediction and Indirect Selection for Grain Yield in US Pacific Northwest Winter Wheat Using Spectral Reflectance Indices from High-Throughput Phenotyping

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis N. Lozada ◽  
Jayfred V. Godoy ◽  
Brian P. Ward ◽  
Arron H. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
High Throughput Phenotyping ◽  
Reflectance Indices ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
High Yield Potential

Secondary traits from high-throughput phenotyping could be used to select for complex target traits to accelerate plant breeding and increase genetic gains. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of using spectral reflectance indices (SRI) for indirect selection of winter-wheat lines with high yield potential and to assess the effects of including secondary traits on the prediction accuracy for yield. A total of five SRIs were measured in a diversity panel, and F5 and doubled haploid wheat breeding populations planted between 2015 and 2018 in Lind and Pullman, WA. The winter-wheat panels were genotyped with 11,089 genotyping-by-sequencing derived markers. Spectral traits showed moderate to high phenotypic and genetic correlations, indicating their potential for indirect selection of lines with high yield potential. Inclusion of correlated spectral traits in genomic prediction models resulted in significant (p < 0.001) improvement in prediction accuracy for yield. Relatedness between training and test populations and heritability were among the principal factors affecting accuracy. Our results demonstrate the potential of using spectral indices as proxy measurements for selecting lines with increased yield potential and for improving prediction accuracy to increase genetic gains for complex traits in US Pacific Northwest winter wheat.

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