Risk assessment

1987 ◽  
Vol 92 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 139-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Gittus ◽  
M. R. Hayns
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Nuclear Power Station ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Nuclear Reactors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Power Station ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Mathematical Interpretation

SynopsisRisk involves consideration both of the consequences of accidents and the frequency with which the accidents occur. Indeed formally risk is equal to the product of frequency and consequences. The important question of the perception of risk by the public and by the professional is first addressed. Two tenets are proposed as being a suitable summary of the public requirement:1. If it can happen, then it must not matter.2. If it matters, then it must not happen.A mathematical interpretation is placed upon these tenets and is shown to be consistent with various professional safety targets. The tenets do not indicate what numerical values for risk would be acceptable to the public but they do show how the consequences of accidents should diminish as the frequency or likelihood of a particular accident increases. It is argued that the best way of determining what level of risk the public accepts is to be guided by statistics for man-caused accidents. These, it transpires, pose risks which are considerably greater than those implied, for example, by the professional targets for nuclear reactors. The risk posed to the public by two energy installations is summarised. The one installation, situated on Canvey Island, exports energy in the form of gas, some of which (methane) is pumped into a national gas grid. The other installation, the Sizewell “B” Pressurised Water Reactor nuclear power station has not yet been constructed, but a comprehensive risk assessment has been undertaken, the results of which are summarised. The two installations are comparable in the sense that each exports a power of the order of a million kilowatts (in the form of gas in the one case and electricity in the other). Both have been the subject of Public Inquiries. The risks posed by the Canvey installations are accepted, since they only constitute a small fraction of the risks which the public run in any case during the course of their everyday lives. The predicted risks for the PWR are smaller still. The form taken by the risks posed by both installations corresponds broadly with the two tenets. That is to say the greater the consequences the lower should be the frequency of a particular accident.

scholarly journals Applying for development consent during lockdown: The Sizewell C Nuclear Power Station

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-84
Author(s):  
Catherine Ann Caine
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power Station ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Internet Access ◽  
Public Consultation ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Consultation Process ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Uk

The UK is currently facing unprecedented times as Covid-19 has forced the country into lockdown. However, the recent development consent application from EDF Energy for the Sizewell C Nuclear Power Station provides an opportunity for the planning sector to begin to return to normal. This opinion considers whether it is possible to achieve full public consultation on the Sizewell C Nuclear Power Station application, given the current circumstances that the UK faces due to Covid-19. It is argued that the Planning Inspectorate has not currently taken sufficient action to ensure that members of the public who do not have internet access and those who require library access to make representations are not left out of the process. It is also argued that businesses and non-governmental organisations may also struggle to make representations at a time when they are suffering from limited resources. In conclusion, it is essential that the Planning Inspectorate takes immediate action to ensure that the public consultation process is preserved for applications of this kind while Covid-19 restrictions are in place.

Lessons From an Operational Small Leakage at Tsuruga Nuclear Power Station

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Kobayashi ◽  
Osamu Urabe ◽  
Takushi Fujino
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Station ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
The Other ◽  
Leak Test ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Repair Techniques

Operational small leakage is occasionally observed in a nuclear power plant, and the leak forces an operator to decide whether to shut down the plant or not. Even if the leakage is just a little, it might draw the considerable attention in the society, so that the operator sometimes gets into the situation to judge more severely than technical judgment. Furthermore, at the time of plant restart and the system leak test just after maintenance, even the operator doesn’t accept any leakage considering the long management for the leakage up to the next outage. On the other hand, once the operator shut down the plant, it sometimes takes long time to restart again because of the difficulty to obtain new pipes and valves in short time. The temporary repair techniques referred to the JSME code might be able to be applied to maintain the plant operation, however some difficulties exist in a practical process. One of the authors has faced with many cases in which the operational small leakage had to be dealt at Tsuruga nuclear power station. This paper shows some cases of them and discusses lessons which are related to the codes and standards.

The NUREG-1150 probabilistic risk assessment for the Surry Nuclear Power Station

1992 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Breeding ◽  
J.C. Helton ◽  
W.B. Murfin ◽  
L.N. Smith ◽  
J.D. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Nuclear Power Station ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Probabilistic Risk Assessment ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Probabilistic Risk

scholarly journals PROJECT FINANCING RISK ASSESSMENT TECHNOLOGY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. Bilak ◽  
I. Bilak ◽  
S. Varha
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
The Other ◽  
Project Financing ◽  
Financing Risk ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Quantitative Assessments

The paper presents the technology of obtaining a quantitative assessment of the risk of financing projects at the stage of business expansion. The technology on the one hand uses quantitative assessments of the project on different indicators and on the basis of different models, and on the other hand uses the experience, knowledge, and competencies of experts in the subject area. The model uses a neuro-phase network of deep learning, increases the accuracy and objectivity of assessment.

Researches on the Simulation of the Degasifying Column Used in Nuclear Power Plant

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhua Xie ◽  
Quanliu Ye ◽  
Jinchun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Station ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Aspen Plus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Simplified Models ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Aspen Simulation

The degasifying column is an important unit in nuclear power station. In order to verify the performance of the column, the degasifying process has been simulated by using the well-known software ASPEN Plus and on a basis of some proper hypothesizes and simplified models. Degasifying column is found that it has good capability on taking out key components such as krypton and oxygen from reactor coolant. On the other side, it’s difficult to carry out radioactive gas experiment on site which is seriously enslaved to the potential radioactive harm on operators. Simulation by using ASPEN Plus is a good way to solve this problem. Furthermore, three kinds of experiments such as ASPEN simulation, deoxidation experiment and radioactive gas experiment on site which are used for validating the performance of column are compared. The comparison shows that ASPEN simulation has less risk and less costs, but the simulation results are more exact and credible. Moreover, the debugging process of the column can be inducted and improved according to the simulation.

Sketch of the French Legislation Relative to the Insane

1882 ◽  
Vol 28 (123) ◽  
pp. 356-369
Author(s):  
Achille Foville
Keyword(s):  
Public Authority ◽  
The Other ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Criminal Intent ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Sound Mind ◽  
The One ◽  
Time Required

The conditions established to regulate the admission of patients into lunatic asylums have given rise, in every country, to a great deal of discussion. On the one hand, many unacquainted with medicine are inclined to dread the abuse of the power to confine individuals not really insane under the pretext of insanity, and with more or less criminal intent; therefore these persons contend that admissions to asylums should be preceded by intricate formalities and repeated inquiries, with the interference of some public authority, such as a commission of either judicial or administrative officers. On the other hand, physicians advocate the necessity of prompt recourse to an asylum, not only for the patient's own benefit, but for his family's welfare; they demonstrate that a man labouring under acute insanity cannot be left to himself during the time required to set in motion the working of such complicated machinery as that proposed to be brought into action prior to his admission into a hospital; they further reject all interference of the public authorities to this end, as hurtful to private family feeling and the maintenance of professional secrecy, demanding, likewise, the greatest facilities for easy admission, guaranteed, nevertheless, by any number of subsequent examinations, or other means of inquiry into the case; and, finally, they hold that such supposed illegal confinements do not exist, since it has not been proved that any one really of sound mind has ever been shut up in any asylum, and that, therefore, the liberty of the subject is in no danger whatever. So in this respect we may rest confident, seeing that the past gives us full assurance for the future. Such is, upon the whole, the main point of dispute in every discussion on the subject, which happens to spring up again and again in different countries.

Safety Performance Evaluation of Nuclear Power Station Containment

2014 ◽  
Vol 672-674 ◽  
pp. 418-421
Author(s):  
Yu Lan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power Station ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Safety Performance ◽  
Power Station ◽  
The Public ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
The World ◽  
Nuclear Events ◽  
The Impact

Nuclear energy as an economical, safe and clean energy is being increasingly concerned, and nuclear power stations have also been widely built in the world. However, because of the impact from nuclear events, the safety of nuclear power station has been suspected by the public. First, the development situation of the nuclear power station in the world is described. Then the nuclear power station containment is introduced. Meanwhile, the safety performance of nuclear power station containment under external events are analyzed. Some advices on guaranteeing the security work of nuclear power station containment are given.

scholarly journals «ЛЮДИНА ПУБЛІЧНА» ЯК ДЕМОСТРАТИВНИЙ СИМВОЛ КОМУНІКАТИВНОГО ПРОСТОРУ

2018 ◽  
pp. 16-25
Author(s):  
Людмила Анатоліївна Васильєва
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Mass Culture ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Culture Form ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Public Environment ◽  
Public Person

In this article, the exuberance of the multidimensional nature of the modern phenomenon of «public person» is conceptualized. The author argues that a person included in public life is a unique and open system. However, it is important to take into consideration that today’s diversity of the human identity has to be actualized by the demonstrative function of the public environment and, by means of modern technologies and techniques it openly appeals to the formation of boundless desires and needs by creating the communicative environment of success and personal significance. Under these circumstances, the hidden identity of a modern person does not cause social interest, remaining obscure, and therefore it is not interesting to the mass «spectator». Moreover, in the context of the expansion of public space boundaries, a public person has an opportunity to easily demonstrate himself or herself as a meaningful «commodity», the one, that dispassionately and actively changes both physically and spiritually and adapts to the demanded models of personal presentation. Existing scientific works on the phenomenon of publicity only emphasize the synthetic and ambivalent nature of the phenomenon of «public person», revealing the duality of this phenomenon through the combination of artificiality and naturalness. Among Ukrainian researchers one should note such scientists as S. Bordunov, M. Gryshchenko, O. Zulkevska, O. Zlobina, L. Malessa, A. Petrenko-Lisak, V. Sereda, I. Tishchenko, L. Radionov, etc. An «everyone to see» lifestyle is a way of self-creation, authenticity obtaining, the approbation of different «Me» options through the excessive openness and demonstration. This is a peculiar way of liberation, mass rebellion. But can mass culture form the identity and uniqueness? It is emphasized that the modern understanding of beauty in the public space is somewhat different from the classical canons of aesthetics and sometimes takes the most radical, artificial forms, which promotes to the aestheticization of the ugly cult of artificial beauty. At the same time, the concepts of beauty and fanciness should be distinguished. Since the notion of fanciness is based only on the formal characteristics of the object, determined by the trends of taste and fashion, the concept of beauty is based on the historical, social, national, cultural, religious, anthropic and other parameters of the subject of perception. In the conditions of informational flood, a beautiful body becomes a mediator, which bounds the human «Me» with the social and public environment, shapes an image of a person. The modern actualization of a body is an actualization of its demarcation, in which numerous labels and signs dismember it as a given, and reconstructing it as a structural. material for the sign exchange. In this way, the body with the mark differs from the one without. The socially marked part of the body, on the one hand, comes to the fore as a pathetic exhibit, and on the other hand, it is a testimony of a hidden symbolic content, which must be necessarily recognized by the publicly. It is precisely the reputation, not the image, that has to come to the fore and form the knowledge about the person and its publicity, but not the demonstrative image-publicity, which forms a figurative mosaic of self-conceived identity with putting it to everyone’s judge. It should be remembered that an intersubjective world arises only in the case of the projection of own «Me», when the subject sees himself or herself in the Other, or in the case of identification, when finds someone Other in himself or herself. Here, the public «sign» as a separate symbolism is random: it manifests the logic of representation of the non-subjective Other as the initiator of subjectivity as a selfness. At the same time, publicity as space «between» does not completely «dissolve» in some ontological basis, but is the basis for the formation of a public compromise and consensus: «only co-participation in the existence of other beings opens the meaning and foundations of self-existence».

scholarly journals Risk Assessment Strategy for Decommissioning of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 442-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Yamaguchi ◽  
Sunghyon Jang ◽  
Kazuki Hida ◽  
Yasunori Yamanaka ◽  
Yoshiyuki Narumiya
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Nuclear Power Station ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Assessment Strategy ◽  
Fukushima Daiichi ◽  
Risk Assessment Strategy
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