Advances in Chinese research on Azolla

1985 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 161-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Lumpkin
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Aquatic Fern ◽  
Communication Problems ◽  
The Impact

SynopsisThe aquatic fern Azolla has a symbiotic relationship with an N2-fixing cyanobacterium. Fanners in China and Vietnam have used Azolla for centuries as a green manure for rice and as fodder for pigs, ducks and fish. Chinese researchers have been studying Azolla since the early 1950's but many of their achievements are unknown outside China because of language and other communication problems. This article reviews current Chinese Azolla research and focuses on the impact of newly introduced Azolla species in the areas of field application, use of spores, and isolation of the N2-fixing symbiont.

scholarly journals Ability of near-infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics to predict the age of mosquitoes reared under different conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oselyne Ong ◽  
Elise Kho ◽  
Pedro Esperança ◽  
Chris Freebairn ◽  
Floyd Dowell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Island Population ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Pls Regression ◽  
Field Methods ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Practical, field-ready age-grading tools for mosquito vectors of disease are urgently needed because of the impact that daily survival has on vectorial capacity. Previous studies have shown that near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), in combination with chemometrics and predictive modeling, can forecast the age of laboratory-reared mosquitoes with moderate to high accuracy. It remains unclear whether the technique has utility for identifying shifts in the age structure of wild-caught mosquitoes. Here we investigate whether models derived from the laboratory strain of mosquitoes can be used to predict the age of mosquitoes grown from pupae collected in the field. Methods: NIR spectra from adult female Aedes albopictus mosquitoes reared in the laboratory (2, 5, 8, 12 and 15 days old) were compared to spectra from mosquitoes emerging from wild-caught pupae (1, 7 and 14 days old). Different partial least squares (PLS) regression methods trained on spectra from laboratory mosquitoes were evaluated on their ability to predict the age of mosquitoes from more natural environments. Results: Models trained on spectra from laboratory-reared material were able to predict the age of other laboratory-reared mosquitoes with moderate accuracy and successfully differentiated all day 2 and 15 mosquitoes. Models derived with laboratory mosquitoes could not differentiate between field-derived age groups, with age predictions relatively indistinguishable for day 1-14. Pre-processing of spectral data and improving the PLS regression framework to avoid overfitting can increase accuracy, but predictions of mosquitoes reared in different environments remained poor. Principle component analysis confirms substantial spectral variations between laboratory and field-derived mosquitoes despite both originating from the same island population. Conclusions: Models trained on laboratory mosquitoes were able to predict ages of laboratory mosquitoes with good sensitivity and specificity though they were unable to predict age of field-derived mosquitoes. This study suggests that laboratory-reared mosquitoes do not capture enough environmental variation to accurately predict the age of the same species reared under different conditions. Further research is needed to explore alternative pre-processing methods and machine learning techniques, and to understand factors that affect absorbance in mosquitoes before field application using NIRS.

Sustain Productivity of Jhum Crops in North East India - A Holistic Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-241
Author(s):  
Indrani P. Bora ◽  
◽  
Arundhati Baruah ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
North East India ◽  
Fertility Status ◽  
North East ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Legume Green Manure

To make a comparative study on the impact of green manure (legume, non legume and weed species) and inorganic fertilizer on crop yield and fertility status in soil an experiment was conducted for two successive years in shifting cultivation areas of Assam. Among the different green manure studied maximum yield of rice was recorded in legume green manure (1687.6 kg kgh-1) followed by inorganic fertilizer (1566.6 kgh-1) applied plot in initial year. However during successive year productivity was recorded low in fertilizer applied plot compared legume, non legume and weed green manure. Same trend was noticed in productivity of Maize also. Significant increase of nutrient uptake was observed in green manure treated plot. Fertilizer applied plot showed low value during successive year. Acidity of the soil increased due to release of organic acid during decomposition of green manure. Input of biomass to the soil contributed in increment of organic carbon, nitrogen and other mineral nutrients and thus maintaining productivity as well as fertility status in soil.

The impact of European legal acts on national legal terminology and on German as a minority language in South Tyrol, Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Klara Kranebitter
Keyword(s):  
Minority Language ◽  
Official Language ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
European Union Law ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
South Tyrol ◽  
Communication Problems ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Legal Concepts ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Legal concepts are generally deeply rooted in a specific legal system. Even when two legal systems use the same official language, such as Germany and Austria, the system-boundness of their legal concepts may lead to communication problems. German is also an officially recognised minority language in South Tyrol, Italy. In South Tyrol, the local public authorities must use the minority language in their relations with German-speaking citizens. This brought about the need to elaborate a local German legal terminology to express Italian legal concepts. Terminology development efforts intended to promote terminology consistency and avoid an excessive regionalisation of South Tyrolean German, so as to foster communication with the neighbouring German-speaking legal systems. In the last decades, European Union law has led to a growing harmonisation in the legal terminologies of its Member States, facilitating communication between the different legal systems, also with benefits for terminology work in South Tyrol. This paper focuses on how European legal acts impact on national legal terminology and affect German legal terminology in South Tyrol. The considerations set out are based on comparative legal terminology work regarding the Italian and the German-speaking legal systems done at Eurac Research.

scholarly journals Distribution of nitrogen in wheat plant in its late growth stages with regard to organic fertilisation and mineral nitrogen rate

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 553-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Čeh-Brežnik ◽  
A. Tajnšek
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Content ◽  
Organic Fertilisation ◽  
N Rates ◽  
The Impact

In Central Slovenia within a long term static experiment IOSDV we investigated the impact of mineral nitrogen (N) fertilisation (0, 65, 130, 195 kg/ha) on the N content and the N amount in winter wheat (larger roots, stems, spikes and leaves) in EC 81/82 and EC 90/91, employing three systems of management: farmyard manure ploughing in before forecrop maize, straw ploughing in and green manure, no organic fertilisation. At EC 81/82 the N content in larger roots was around twice as high as the N content in stems and around twice as low as the N content in spikes and leaves. There was 80% of the whole N amount in plant located in the spikes and leaves (33–168 kg/ha) in EC 81/82 and 90% in EC 90/91. Calculated N recovery from mineral fertiliser was 68–87%; it increased with the increasing N rates in the system with farmyard manure ploughing in and in the system with no organic fertilisation, but not in the system with straw ploughing in and green manure. Between EC 81/82 and EC 90/91 wheat gained from 4 to 34 kg N/ha, but there were more important translocations of N inside the plants, which were higher at higher mineral N rates. There was a significant impact of management system on the N uptake at the highest mineral N rate.

Relatives’ Experiences of Frontal-Variant Frontotemporal Dementia

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan R. Oyebode ◽  
Paul Bradley ◽  
Joanne L. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Mutual Relationship ◽  
Communication Problems ◽  
It Impacts ◽  
Social Settings ◽  
Planning Ability ◽  
The Impact

In this article we address how relatives of people with frontal-variant frontotemporal dementia (fvFTD) experience the illness and how it impacts their lives. We interviewed 6 participants and carried out interpretative phenomenological analysis. We report on 11 themes that reflect distinctive challenges. Five themes relate to witnessing bizarre and strange changes: changed appetites and drives, loss of planning ability, loss of inhibition leading to social embarrassment, risky behavior, and communication problems. Four relate to managing these changes and two to the impact on the person and his or her relationships. Relatives must live with unusual changes in the person with fvFTD and the stigma this carries in social settings. They learn to act assertively for their relatives and put effort into promoting quality of life, using strategies adapted for fvFTD. Relatives grieve the loss of the person with fvFTD and their mutual relationship, but nonetheless find sources of solace and hope.

The impact of diversification of a rice–wheat cropping system on crop productivity and soil fertility

2002 ◽  
Vol 139 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. SINGH ◽  
B. B. SHARMA ◽  
B. S. DWIVEDI
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Cropping Intensity ◽  
The Impact

Field experiments were conducted at the Crop Research Centre of Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar during 1996/97 and 1997/98. Each experiment comprised 10 crop sequences: (a) wheat–rice, (b) chickpea–rice, (c) lentil–rice, (d) pea–rice, (e) wheat–mungbean green manure–rice, (f) wheat–Sesbania green manure–rice, (g) wheat–fodder–rice, (h) chickpea–fodder–rice, (i) lentil–fodder–rice and (j) pea–fodder–rice, in a randomized block design with four replications. The crop sequences were compared in terms of economic rice equivalent yield (REY), protein production, apparent nutrient balances and effect on soil fertility status. Amongst crop sequences involving two crops each year (200% cropping intensity), chickpea–rice gave highest REY and protein production. Of the sequences involving three crops each year (300% cropping intensity), chickpea–fodder–rice and wheat–fodder–rice were superior to others. The P balances were positive for all sequences, whereas K balances were generally negative except for sequences involving green manure legumes. Green manuring with Sesbania or mungbean helped restore soil fertility, indicating the advantage of green manure for higher productivity and sustainability of rice–wheat system. Chickpea–rice and chickpea–fodder–rice appeared promising alternatives to rice–wheat crop sequence.

scholarly journals Influence of Green Manuring Crops on Dry Matter Production and Soil Health Improvement

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
IJ Irin ◽  
PK Biswas ◽  
MJ Ullah ◽  
TS Roy ◽  
MA Khan
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Sesbania Rostrata ◽  
Green Manures ◽  
Green Manuring ◽  
Sesbania Aculeata ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
The Impact

The field experiment was conducted at the Agronomy farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University to evaluate the impact of different kind of green manures on soil nutrient balance through adding biomass and N,P and K accumulation. Green manuring crops were incorporated after in situ cultivation and results showed that, the biomass incorporation increased the N production in soil. The biomass from Sesbania rostrata, Sesbania aculeata and Crotalaria juncea gave the higher dry matter and nutrient status. Incorporation of Sesbania rostrata and Sesbania aculeata added more organic matter and nitrogen to the soil after green manure incorporation than the prior soil. However, the improved soil quality was recorded with S. rostrata and S. aculeata followed by C. juncea and V. unguiculata incorporation as compared to control (no green manure) and other green manuring crops. The nutrient balance of soil after incorporation of different green manuring crops specially S. rostrata, S. aculeata and C. juncea showed positive balance of nutrients than other green manures. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2019, 22(1): 39-45

scholarly journals Skin Immune Landscape: Inside and Outside the Organism

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Abdallah ◽  
Lily Mijouin ◽  
Chantal Pichon
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Skin Microbiota ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Skin Immune System ◽  
The Impact

The skin is an essential organ to the human body protecting it from external aggressions and pathogens. Over the years, the skin was proven to have a crucial immunological role, not only being a passive protective barrier but a network of effector cells and molecular mediators that constitute a highly sophisticated compound known as the “skin immune system” (SIS). Studies of skin immune sentinels provided essential insights of a complex and dynamic immunity, which was achieved through interaction between the external and internal cutaneous compartments. In fact, the skin surface is cohabited by microorganisms recognized as skin microbiota that live in complete harmony with the immune sentinels and contribute to the epithelial barrier reinforcement. However, under stress, the symbiotic relationship changes into a dysbiotic one resulting in skin disorders. Hence, the skin microbiota may have either positive or negative influence on the immune system. This review aims at providing basic background information on the cutaneous immune system from major cellular and molecular players and the impact of its microbiota on the well-coordinated immune responses in host defense.

Do You Remember? How Caregivers Question Their Spouses Who Have Alzheimer’s Disease and the Impact on Communication

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff A. Small ◽  
JoAnn Perry
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Similar Extent ◽  
Positive Communication ◽  
Communication Breakdown ◽  
Communication Problems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Communication Outcome

This study examined the types of questions caregivers use and their outcomes when conversing with their spouse with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Of particular interest was caregivers’ use of yes-no and open-ended questions and the demands they make on the memory of the person with AD. It was hypothesized that communication between caregivers and their spouses would be more successful when caregivers used yes-no rather than open-ended questions; however, it was also predicted that a more positive communication outcome would occur when caregivers used open-ended questions that requested information from semantic rather than episodic memory. Eighteen caregivers and their spouses diagnosed with AD were audiotaped while they conversed for approximately 10 min on a topic of their choosing. The conversations were transcribed and coded according to the occurrence of questions, the type of question (yes-no, choice, or open-ended), the type of memory required to respond to a question (semantic or episodic), and the outcome of a response to a question (communication breakdown). The results indicated that caregivers used yes-no and open-ended questions to a similar extent, whereas episodic questions were used almost twice as frequently as semantic questions. Communication was more successful when caregivers used yes-no compared with open-ended questions and when questions placed demands on semantic rather than episodic memory. The findings from this study suggest that caregivers can reduce communication problems by avoiding the use of questions that depend on episodic memory. In addition, while yes-no questions were associated with more favorable outcomes than open-ended questions, the latter do not need to be avoided if they refer to information that draws only on semantic memory.

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