Recent changes in the status of some Clyde vertebrates

1986 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 451-467
Author(s):  
J. A. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Food Supply ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Species Protection ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Status ◽  
Representative Selection ◽  
Selection Of Species ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

SynopsisThree comprehensive surveys of Clyde vertebrates have been carried out during the past twenty-five years, and this exceptional degree of investigation permits some very valid comparisons to be made. Distinct changes in status have taken place throughout all the vertebrate classes. The work of man has had the most obvious impact. This is sometimes deliberate, as in direct attempts at species protection or destruction. At other times the impact of man is indirect, with effects on food supply, on habitat, or on health. Occasionally the effects are accidental. Many status changes are easily explained under the above headings, but others are not, and some show apparently opposite changes in closely-related species. Some changes in status are very real, and indeed are sometimes quite dramatic and obvious for all to see. Others are more apparent than real, presumably arising from increased observation. A representative selection of species is discussed.

The tribe Aschistodesmini in the Solomon Islands (Diplopoda, Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae)

1999 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-479
Author(s):  
C.A.W. Jeekel
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Solomon Island ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
The Status

AbstractThe Aschistodesmini from the Solomon Island are reviewed. Besides clarifying notes on the status of the type and closely related species of Aschistodesmus, descriptive notes and illustrations of the gonopods of the Solomon species of this genus, particularly of those published by Chamberlin, 1920, under the generic name of Solomonosoma, are given. Two new species, A. spatulifer and A. tridentifer are described, and a key to the species is provided. From Rennell Island Dorcadogonus modestus gen. n., sp. n. is described.

scholarly journals Imaginary Worlds: The Status of Simulation Modeling in Claims for Cost-Effectiveness In Diabetes Mellitus

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul C Langley ◽  
Taeho Greg Rhee
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Simulation Modeling ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Impact

Over the past 20 years a number of simulations or models have been developed as a basis for tracking and evaluating the impact of pharmacological and other interventions in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. These models have typically tracked the natural course of these diseases generating long-term composite claims for cost-effectiveness. These claims can extend over the lifetime of the modeled patient cohort. Set against the standards of normal science, however, these claims lack credibility. The claims presented are all too often either immune to failure or are presented in a form that is non-testable. As such they fail to meet the key experimental requirements of falsification and replication. Unfortunately, there is a continuing belief that long-term or lifetime models are essential to decision-making. This is misplaced. The purpose of this review is to argue that there is a pressing need to reconsider the needs of health system decision makers and focus on modeled or simulated claims that are meaningful, testable, reportable and replicable in evaluating interventions in diabetes mellitus.   Type: Commentary

The Impact of Debt on Economic Development of the Western Balkan Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-379
Author(s):  
Mehdija Ćosović
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Current Account Deficit ◽  
External Debt ◽  
International Financial Institutions ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
The Past ◽  
Balkan Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The degree of increased indebtedness in the Western Balkan countries is generated by increasing consumption in terms of increased economic growth and structural reforms. Although these countries have shown an increase in exports and foreign direct investment over the past few years, the current account deficit remains high, especially in the ratio between external debt and GDP, which is not only high but at the stage of growth. Also, as domestic financial markets are underdeveloped, these countries are to a large extent exposed to an increase in the price of foreign borrowing. The current borrowing policy continues with increasing investment in non-productive consumption, which requires renewed borrowing. The presentation of debt trends, analysis and comparison of external debt of these countries show relevant guidelines in the selection of an adequate economic policy that would enhance the competitiveness of this part of the Balkans. Also, a comparative analysis of the indebtedness ratio will especially assess the state of indebtedness in Serbia, the structure and the movement of external debt towards international financial institutions. The comparison in this paper is made using standard indices of indebtedness based on the data obtained from the national statistical institutes and international financial institutions.

scholarly journals Domestic violence policies in the Netherlands: A regime of deficiency

2020 ◽  
pp. 146349962095885
Author(s):  
Arne Mellaard ◽  
Toon van Meijl
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Technical Problem ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Poor Women ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Impact

In a number of countries, domestic violence is represented as a governable phenomenon that is amenable to policy interventions. Over the past 40 years in the Netherlands, however, this approach has not resulted in a reduction of domestic violence. Yet new policy strategies continue to be designed to improve existing interventions. In this article, we focus on a Dutch policy measure that aims to detect early signals of violence and abuse. We argue that this strategy, by approaching domestic violence as a technical problem, fails to take into account structural and symbolic violence. As a consequence, the impact of domestic violence policies on women, particularly poor women, and especially women with a migration background, is to intensify their difficulties. Moreover, these policies deploy a technology that shapes the subjectivity of professionals engaged in protection practices, while maintaining the status quo of inequality and violence against women. The connection between these two flaws of domestic violence policies leads us to claim that the current approach is constituted as a regime of deficiency.

Effects of elevated pCO2 on crab survival and exoskeleton composition depend on shell function and species distribution: a comparative analysis of carapace and claw mineralogy across four porcelain crab species from different habitats

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 1021-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tessa M. Page ◽  
Samantha Worthington ◽  
Piero Calosi ◽  
Jonathon H. Stillman
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Intertidal Zone ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Elevated Pco2 ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Elevated Concentration ◽  
Cation Composition ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Intertidal Species ◽  
The Impact

Elevated concentration of carbon dioxide (elevated pCO2) that cause reduced pH is known to influence calcification in many marine taxa, but how elevated pCO2 influences cation composition of mineralized structures is less well studied. To a large extent, the degree to which elevated pCO2 impacts mineralized structures is influenced by physiological adaptation of organisms to environments where low pH is routinely experienced. Here, we test the hypotheses that elevated pCO2 will differently impact the relative concentrations of divalent cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Sr2+, and Mn2+) in four closely related species of porcelain crabs distributed across intertidal zone gradients. Cation composition of carapace and claw exoskeleton was determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry following 24-day exposures to pH/pCO2 levels of 8.0/418 and 7.4/1850 µatm during the intermoult period. Reduced pH/elevated pCO2 caused a 13–24% decrease of carapace [Ca2+] across all species, and species-specific responses in carapace and claw [Mg2+], [Sr2+] and [Mn2+] were observed. During a 24-day exposure, reduced pH/elevated pCO2 reduced survival probability in low-intertidal but not mid-intertidal species. Overall, the effect of reduced pH/elevated pCO2 on exoskeleton mineral composition was muted in mid-intertidal species relative to low-intertidal species, indicating that extant adaptation to the variable intertidal zone may lessen the impact of ocean acidification (OA) on maintenance of mineralized structures. Differences in responses to reduced pH/elevated pCO2 among closely related species adds complexity to predictive inferences regarding the effects of OA.

scholarly journals Biotic element analysis of reptiles of China: A test of vicariance model

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youhua Chen
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Current Distribution ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspots ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Areas Of Endemism ◽  
Guizhou Plateau ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract In this contribution, I identify possible biotic elements of reptiles of China using biotic element analysis. I test whether the vicariance model could significantly shape reptilian current distribution patterns. My results show that dispersal is prevailing for reptiles in China. There are four major biotic elements in reptilian distribution, which are East Xizang, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Taiwan and Hainan, respectively. The test of distributional areas is significantly more clustered than expected by chance, while in another test that closely related species are homogeneously distributed across biotic elements cannot be rejected. Therefore I argued that vicariance might be one of the key processes in patterning reptilian distribution in China. In addition, I develop an improved biotic element analysis in biogeographic studies, by performing biotic element analysis in an iterative manner in order to diagnose more geographically restricted elements until no noise components found. The importance of antecedent selection of distributional data for the subsequent analysis is also discussed. Besides, my study indicates that biodiversity hotspots are not fully overlapped with areas of endemism for reptilians in East Asia.

First record of brachyuran crab Heteropanope glabra Stimpson, 1858 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Pilumnidae) from India

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jigneshkumar N. Trivedi ◽  
Gunjan M. Soni ◽  
Kauresh D. Vachhrajani
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
First Record ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Brachyuran Crab ◽  
The Past ◽  
De Man ◽  
First Time

Heteropanope glabraStimpson, 1858 belonging to family Pilumnidae is reported for the first time from the mangrove mudflats of India. The identification of the species is difficult because the species shares similar morphological characters with other closely related species likeBenthopanope indica(De Man, 1887). Studies in the past have reported the presence ofH. glabrafrom coastal areas of Burma to Japan. The present study reports the presence ofH. glabraon the western coast of India, which lies outside the old distribution range of the species.

On the Transference of Parabronema skrjabini Rassowska, 1924 to Squamanema Thiel, 1925 and its Occurrence in Sheep and Goats in Indo-Pakistan

1954 ◽  
Vol 28 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Sarwar
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
The Status

Parabronema skrjabini Rassowska, 1924 was originally described from Russian Turkestan and is known to occur in that region in cattle, camel, sheep and goats. The parasite is also known from okapi (Leiper 1985) dying in the Zoological Gardens, London, and Nubian ibex and Giraffe (Ezzat, 1945) from the Zoological Gardens, Giza, Egypt. A closely related species was described and recorded, respectively, by Vuylsteke, 1985 (Parabronema okapiac) and Leiper, 1985 (Parabronema okapi) from okapi. Van den Berghe and Vuylsteke (1987) reduced P. okapiae to the status of a variety of P. skrjabini.

scholarly journals The impact of the institutional environment on the development of the rural economy in the Belgorod region of Russia

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Andrei Dorofeev ◽  
Sergei Sazonov ◽  
Wim Heijman
Keyword(s):  
Rural Economy ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Institutional Conditions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Commodity Money ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Means Of Production

Abstract This article deals with the problems in the development of agriculture in Russia caused by an imperfect institutional environment. The characteristics of institutional conditions and their influence on the development of agriculture is discussed. The main institutional changes which have taken place in Russia over the past 20 years are described, including the ownership of the means of production, commodity-money relations, access to and distribution of profits and competition. The main body of the article presents an analysis of the development of agriculture in the Belgorod region in relation to the status of the institutional environment.

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