Water movement and the simulation of storm surges in the Firth of Clyde

1986 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 85-96
Author(s):  
John M. Townson ◽  
Richard H. F. Collar
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Equation Of Motion ◽  
Relative Importance

SynopsisThe basic mechanisms governing the general circulation of water in the Firth of Clyde are reviewed with particular reference to their changing relative importance throughout the system, this including the inner estuary. Attention is then focused on the effect of storm surge. A numerical model for the depth-integrated equation of motion is applied to the surges recorded in 1972 and 1979. The proportion of surge generated within the outer firth is thereby assessed.

scholarly journals Storm-induced sediment supply to coastal dunes on sand flats

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipe Galiforni-Silva ◽  
Kathelijne M. Wijnberg ◽  
Suzanne J. M. H. Hulscher
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Coastal Dunes ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Aeolian Transport ◽  
Sand Flat ◽  
Sediment Transfer ◽  
Sand Flats

Abstract. Growth of coastal dunes requires a marine supply of sediment. Processes that control the sediment transfer between the subtidal and the supratidal zone are not fully understood, especially in sand flats close to inlets. It is hypothesised that storm surge events induce sediment deposition on sand flats, providing fresh material for aeolian transport and dune growth. The objective of this study is to identify which processes cause deposition on the sand flat during storm surge conditions and discuss the relationship between the supratidal deposition and sediment supply to the dunes. We use the island of Texel (NL) as a case study, of which multiannual topographic and hydrographic datasets are available. Additionally, we use the numerical model XBeach to simulate the most frequent storm surge events for the area. Results show that supratidal shore-parallel deposition of sand occurs in both the numerical model and the topographic data. The amount of sand deposited is directly proportional to surge level and can account for more than a quarter of the volume deposited at the dunes yearly. Furthermore, storm surges are also capable of remobilising the top layer of sediment of the sand flat, making fresh sediment available for aeolian transport. Therefore, in a sand flat setting, storm surges have the potential of reworking significant amounts of sand for aeolian transport in periods after the storm and as such can also play a constructive role in coastal dune development.

Storm Surge Estimation Along Tokyo Bay Based on a Simple Stochastic Approach

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rikito Hisamatsu ◽  
Sooyoul Kim ◽  
Shigeru Tabeta
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Return Period ◽  
Empirical Formula ◽  
Stochastic Analysis ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Stochastic Approach ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Tokyo Bay ◽  
Risk Transfer

In recent years, refinement of stochastic storm surge estimation is essential for risk management in insurance industries because the Japanese government promotes flood risk transfer to insurance companies. Insurance systems may reach peak risk when storm surge damage occurs; however, there are only a few studies on the stochastic analysis of storm surges. This paper presents the stochastic evaluation of storm surges in Tokyo Bay. First, storm surges are assessed using two methods of an empirical formula and a numerical model. Then, the return period of storm surges is stochastically evaluated. It is found that an empirical formula underestimates the surge level in comparison to the numerical model. Based on the results of numerical model, the return period of a storm surge is proposed in Tokyo Bay.

scholarly journals Storm-induced sediment supply to coastal dunes on sand flats

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipe Galiforni Silva ◽  
Kathelijne M. Wijnberg ◽  
Suzanne J. M. H. Hulscher
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Coastal Dunes ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Aeolian Transport ◽  
Tidal Zone ◽  
Sand Flat ◽  
Sand Flats

Abstract. Marine supply of sand can control the development and morphology of coastal dunes. However, processes that control the sediment transfer between sub-tidal and the supra-tidal zone are not fully understood, especially in coastal settings such as sand-flats close to inlets. It is hypothesised that storm surge events induce sediment deposition on sand-flats, so that this may influence dune development significantly. Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify which processes causes deposition on the sand-flat during storm-surge conditions and discuss the relation between the supra-tidal deposition and sediment supply to the dunes. We use the island of Texel as a case study, on which multi-annual topographic and hydrographic data sets are available. Additionally, we use the numerical model XBeach to simulate the most frequent storm surge events for the area. Results show that a supra-tidal shore-parallel deposition of sand occurs in both the numerical model and the data. The amount of sand deposition is directly proportional to surge level, and can account for more than half of the volume deposited at the dunes on a yearly basis. Furthermore, storms are also capable of remobilising the top layer of sediment of the sand-flat, making fresh sediment available for aeolian transport. Therefore, in a sand-flat setting, storm surges have the potential of adding significant amounts of sand for aeolian transport in periods after the storm, suggesting that storms play a significant role in the onshore sand supply between sub-tidal and subaerial zones in those areas.

scholarly journals Storm-induced sediment supply to coastal dunes on sand flats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipe Galiforni-Silva ◽  
Kathelijne M. Wijnberg ◽  
Suzanne J. M. H. Hulscher
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Coastal Dunes ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Aeolian Transport ◽  
Tidal Zone ◽  
Sand Flat ◽  
Sand Flats

Abstract. Growth of coastal dunes requires a marine supply of sediment. Processes that control the sediment transfer between the sub-tidal and the supra-tidal zone are not fully understood, especially in sand flats close to inlets. It is hypothesised that storm surge events induce sediment deposition on sand flats, providing fresh material for aeolian transport and dune growth. The objective of this study is to identify which processes cause deposition on the sand flat during storm surge conditions and discuss the relationship between the supra-tidal deposition and sediment supply to the dunes. We use the island of Texel as a case study, of which multi-annual topographic and hydrographic data sets are available. Additionally, we use the numerical model XBeach to simulate the most frequent storm surge events for the area. Results show that supra-tidal shore-parallel deposition of sand occurs in both the numerical model and the topographic data. The amount of sand deposition is directly proportional to surge level and can account for more than a quarter of the volume deposited at the dunes yearly. Furthermore, storm surges are also capable of remobilising the top layer of sediment of the sand flat, making fresh sediment available for aeolian transport. Therefore, in a sand flat setting, storm surges have the potential of reworking significant amounts of sand for aeolian transport in periods after the storm, and as such can also play a constructive role in coastal dune development.

scholarly journals CÁC ĐẶC TRƯNG BÃO VÀ NƯỚC DÂNG DO BÃO Ở CÁC VÙNG BỜ NƯỚC TA

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thanh Co ◽  
Dinh Van Manh
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Japan Meteorological Agency ◽  
Tropical Storms ◽  
Study Results

Tropical storms and storm surges are dangerous. The damage caused by them is very huge. Therefore, studying characteristics of storms and storm surges is of great interest today. This paper presents some study results on characteristics of tropical storms and storm surges, which landed in Vietnam during 1951-2015. These characteristics are determined based on the storm data collected on website of Japan Meteorological Agency, JMA. In the paper, the storm surges are calculated by a numerical model as TSIM 08 software. This softwave is established by the Institute of Mechanics, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology. The numerical model has been calibrated and verified by measured storm surge data at the hydrographic, oceanographic stations along the Vietnam coast and the survey’s storm surge data in some storms.

IMPACT ASSESSMENT ON STORM SURGE RISKS TO CONTAINERS CONSIDERING GLOBAL WARMING

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rikito Hisamatsu ◽  
Rikito Hisamatsu ◽  
Kei Horie ◽  
Kei Horie
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Inundation Depth ◽  
Risk Assessment Tools ◽  
Risk Maps ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vulnerability Functions

Container yards tend to be located along waterfronts that are exposed to high risk of storm surges. However, risk assessment tools such as vulnerability functions and risk maps for containers have not been sufficiently developed. In addition, damage due to storm surges is expected to increase owing to global warming. This paper aims to assess storm surge impact due to global warming for containers located at three major bays in Japan. First, we developed vulnerability functions for containers against storm surges using an engineering approach. Second, we simulated storm surges at three major bays using the SuWAT model and taking global warming into account. Finally, we developed storm surge risk maps for containers based on current and future situations using the vulnerability function and simulated inundation depth. As a result, we revealed the impact of global warming on storm surge risks for containers quantitatively.

scholarly journals Storm Surges in the Bohai Sea: The Role of Waves and Tides

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1509
Author(s):  
Yuanyi Li ◽  
Huan Feng ◽  
Guillaume Vigouroux ◽  
Dekui Yuan ◽  
Guangyu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storm Surge ◽  
Bohai Sea ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Wave Force ◽  
Laizhou Bay ◽  
Bohai Bay ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
The Bohai Sea ◽  
Tidal Phase ◽  
Set Up

A storm surge is a complex phenomenon in which waves, tide and current interact. Even though wind is the predominant force driving the surge, waves and tidal phase are also important factors that influence the mass and momentum transport during the surge. Devastating storm surges often occur in the Bohai Sea, a semi-enclosed shallow sea in North China, due to extreme storms. However, the effects of waves on storm surges in the Bohai Sea have not been quantified and the mechanisms responsible for the higher surges that affect part of the Bohai Sea have not been thoroughly studied. In this study, we set up a storm surge model, considering coupled effects of tides and waves on the surges. Validation against measured data shows that the coupled model is capable of simulating storm surges in the Bohai Sea. The simulation results indicate that the longshore currents, which are induced by the large gradient of radiation stress due to wave deformation, are one of the main contributors to the higher surges occurring in some coastal regions. The gently varying bathymetry is another factor contributing to these surges. With such bathymetry, the wave force direction is nearly uniform, and pushes a large amount of water in that direction. Under these conditions, the water accumulates in some parts of the coast, leading to higher surges in nearby coastal regions such as the south coast of the Bohai Bay and the west and south coasts of the Laizhou Bay. Results analysis also shows that the tidal phase at which the surge occurs influences the wave–current interactions, and these interactions are more evident in shallow waters. Neglecting these interactions can lead to inaccurate predictions of the storm surges due to overestimation or underestimation of wave-induced set-up.

scholarly journals Modeling Study on the Asymmetry of Positive and Negative Storm Surges along the Southeastern Coast of China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 458
Author(s):  
Dongdong Chu ◽  
Haibo Niu ◽  
Wenli Qiao ◽  
Xiaohui Jiao ◽  
Xilin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storm Surge ◽  
Pressure Field ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Central Pressure ◽  
Linear Interaction ◽  
Southeastern Coast ◽  
Zhoushan Archipelago ◽  
Wind Intensity

In this paper, a three-dimensional storm surge model was developed based on the Finite Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM) by the hindcasts of four typhoon-induced storm surges (Chan-hom, Mireille, Herb, and Winnie). After model validation, a series of sensitivity experiments were conducted to explore the effects of key parameters in the wind and pressure field (forward speed, radius of maximum wind (RMW), inflow angle, and central pressure), typhoon path, wind intensity, and topography on the storm surge and surge asymmetry between sea level rise (positive surge) and fall (negative surge) along the southeastern coast of China (SCC). The model results show that lower central pressure and larger RMW could lead to stronger surge asymmetry. A larger inflow angle results in a stronger surge asymmetry. In addition, the path of Chan-hom is the most dangerous path type for the Zhoushan Archipelago area, and that of Winnie follows next. The model results also indicate that the non-linear interaction between wind field and pressure field tends to weaken the peak surge elevation. The effect of topography on storm surges indicates that the peak surge elevation and its occurrence time, as well as the surge asymmetry, increase with a decreasing slope along the SCC.

scholarly journals Towards a regional ocean forecasting system for the IBI (Iberia-Biscay-Ireland area): developments and improvements within the ECOOP project framework

Ocean Science ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Cailleau ◽  
J. Chanut ◽  
J.-M. Lellouche ◽  
B. Levier ◽  
C. Maraldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Circulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vertical Mixing ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Ocean General Circulation Model ◽  
Tidal Mixing ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Forecasting System ◽  
Ocean Forecasting

Abstract. The regional ocean operational system remains a key element in downscaling from large scale (global or basin scale) systems to coastal ones. It enables the transition between systems in which the resolution and the resolved physics are quite different. Indeed, coastal applications need a system to predict local high frequency events (inferior to the day) such as storm surges, while deep sea applications need a system to predict large scale lower frequency ocean features. In the framework of the ECOOP project, a regional system for the Iberia-Biscay-Ireland area has been upgraded from an existing V0 version to a V2. This paper focuses on the improvements from the V1 system, for which the physics are close to a large scale basin system, to the V2 for which the physics are more adapted to shelf and coastal issues. Strong developments such as higher regional physics resolution in the NEMO Ocean General Circulation Model for tides, non linear free surface and adapted vertical mixing schemes among others have been implemented in the V2 version. Thus, regional thermal fronts due to tidal mixing now appear in the latest version solution and are quite well positioned. Moreover, simulation of the stratification in shelf areas is also improved in the V2.

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