4 Chipped Stone Tools

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 31-45
Author(s):  
Roberta S. Greenwood
Keyword(s):  
Stone Tools ◽  
Projectile Points ◽  
Stone Artifacts ◽  
Chipped Stone ◽  
Elementary Technology

The chipped stone artifacts comprise a full tool kit. Ranging in size from the largest of the choppers to the tiniest of the flake scrapers, they conform to a characterization of generalized implements shaped with a minimum of modification. The broad and shallow flaking, unifacial percussion technique, use of flawed lithic material, re-working of artifacts from one kind to another, and the great number of tools retaining cortex and bulb of percussion are typical of the basic simplicity of all classes. Something of a paradox exists between the wide variety of shapes and sizes of the tools, which do tend to fall into groups, and the elementary technology of their manufacture. The major classifications include projectile points and blades, flake knives, drills, gravers, choppers, hammerstones, scrapers, picks, crescents, cores, and flakes.

Stone Artifacts of Southeastern Alaska

1962 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward L. Keithahn
Keyword(s):  
Stone Tools ◽  
Northwest Coast ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
Projectile Points ◽  
Stone Artifacts ◽  
Indian Tradition ◽  
Experimental Use ◽  
Stone Artifact

AbstractThe fact that Northwest Coast Indians obtained iron for tool making at least 175 years ago makes it unlikely that any literate person ever saw stone edge tools in use in this area, or even talked with an Indian who had seen them in use. Thus, interpretation of the function of stone tools in southeast Alaska is based on an estimate of the type of tools needed for the known aboriginal industries, experimental use of the tools, and Indian tradition. The use of 25 stone artifact types is discussed, including adzes and similar tools, mauls and hammers, mortars and pestles, lamps and pipes, clubs and fighting tools, projectile points, and ornaments.

A Corner-Tang Artifact from Oregon

1944 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-451
Author(s):  
Robert L. Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Columbia River ◽  
Projectile Points ◽  
Stone Artifacts ◽  
Chipped Stone ◽  
Columbia County

During the cataloging of a collection of some 650 tiny projectile points from the banks of the Columbia River in Columbia County, Oregon, an unusual specimen was brought to light. All but five of the points in the collection are under 3/4 inch in length and are proportionately narrow and thin. The five larger specimens were, then, immediately outstanding. Of these, one is of the corner-tang variety. It is 2.13 inches long, 1 inch wide, and 0.36 inch thick. It is made from a tan, slightly opalitic chalcedony,8 a material which is quite common in the collections of chipped stone artifacts from the lower Columbia River area.The specimen is of the type that Patterson has called “diagonal corner-tang” and possesses a small crescent notch on the side opposite the tang. The tang is quite narrow and pointed. The chipping is somewhat rough and uneven, and on one side there appears to be something of a channel groove running approximately two-thirds the length of the specimen. This is, in all probability, quite accidental.

Experimental Use of Clovis Weaponry and Tools on African Elephants

1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 766-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
George C. Frison
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Stone Tools ◽  
Stone Tool ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
African Elephants ◽  
Projectile Points ◽  
Chipped Stone ◽  
Positive Statements ◽  
Hwange National Park ◽  
Experimental Use

Clovis projectile points and chipped-stone tools have been recovered in a number of archaeological sites in the New World, but these cannot be tested on mammoths, which we know from the archaeological evidence Clovis hunters were able to procure. Extensive culling of elephants in Hwange National Park in Zimbabwe provided the necessary animals to test replicas of Clovis tools and weaponry. The experiments leave little doubt that Clovis projectile points can inflict lethal wounds on African elephants and that simple stone tools will perform the necessary butchering tasks. The physiology of mammoths and elephants is similar enough to make positive statements on the potential of this kind of stone-tool and weaponry assemblage, but we will never be able to compare elephant and mammoth behavior directly.

6 Artifacts

1959 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 162-178
Author(s):  
Clarence H. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Projectile Points ◽  
Stone Artifacts ◽  
Chipped Stone ◽  
Thin Arrow ◽  
Basal Width

Stone artifacts are much less frequent at the Belcher site than either shell objects or pottery. Very few stone artifacts were placed with the burials. Only 155 chipped stone artifacts were recovered; 103 are projectile points, 52 of which were found on house floors, 27 with burials, and 24 on the surface (Table 4). All of the projectiles are small, thin arrow types, except one from the fill of Burial 9 which is large enough to be considered a dart point (Fig. 125 l).Bassett points (Fig. 125 a-d). This form appears to be the resident projectile type at the Belcher site at least for the last two occupation periods, the Belcher focus. There are 56 points of this type and 20 others which have broken stems but are probably Bassett forms. All recognizable Belcher focus burial offerings of projectile points are beautifully finished points of this type. They are thin, keen projectiles, 2 to 4 cm. in length and 1.2 to 1.5 cm. in basal width, made from flakes of tan chert or argillite. The sides are straight, slightly convex or recurved to flare outward at the barbs, which are long and keen; the tips are sharp, the edges finely flaked, and the bases deeply indented to produce narrow, triangular contracting stems.

scholarly journals White Rock Oneota Chipped Stone Tools

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Padilla ◽  
Lauren W. Ritterbush
Keyword(s):  
Stone Tools ◽  
Chipped Stone

Experimental and Archaeological Verification of an Index of Retouch for Hafted Bifaces

2006 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 743-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Andrefsky
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Stone Tools ◽  
Stone Tool ◽  
Data Set ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Projectile Points

The relative amount of retouch on stone tools is central to many archaeological studies linking stone tool assemblages to broader issues of human social and economic land-use strategies. Unfortunately, most retouch measures deal with flake and blade tools and few (if any) have been developed for hafted bifaces and projectile points. This paper introduces a new index for measuring and comparing amount of retouch on hafted bifaces and projectile points that can be applied regardless of size or typological variance. The retouch index is assessed initially with an experimental data set of hafted bifaces that were dulled and resharpened on five occasions. The retouch index is then applied to a hafted biface assemblage made from tool stone that has been sourced by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). Results of both assessments show that the hafted biface retouch index (HRI) is effective for determining the amount of retouch and the degree to which the hafted bifaces have been curated.

The Quantification of Microwear on Chipped Stone Tools: Assessing the Effectiveness of Root Mean Square Roughness (Rq)

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. James Stemp ◽  
Ben E. Childs ◽  
Samuel Vionnet ◽  
Christopher A. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Stone Tools ◽  
Root Mean Square Roughness ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Chipped Stone

Chipped Stone Artifacts

2008 ◽  
pp. 169-178
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Kaczanowska ◽  
Janusz K. Kozłowski
Keyword(s):  
Stone Artifacts ◽  
Chipped Stone
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