scholarly journals A Reappraisal of the Dendrochronology and Dating of Tille Höyük (1993)

Radiocarbon ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 711-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol B Griggs ◽  
Sturt W Manning
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Tree Ring Chronology ◽  
Oak Tree

The results of a tentative oak tree-ring chronology built from charcoal samples found in Late Bronze to early Iron Age contexts (late 2nd millennium to early 1st millennium BCE) at the site of Tille Höyük in southeast Turkey, and its placement in time, was published in 1993 (Summers 1993). This represented one of the few publications about archaeological dendrochronology for this period and region. However, the dendrochronological sequence and its crossdating have been questioned, including in this journal (Keenan 2002). Here, we critically reassess and revise the dendrochronological positioning of the site's building phases and their place in time by absolutely dating 7 decadal tree-ring sequences via radiocarbon wiggle-matching.

Dendrochronology of the English Neolithic

Antiquity ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (243) ◽  
pp. 210-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hillam ◽  
C. M. Groves ◽  
D. M. Brown ◽  
M. G. L. Baillie ◽  
J. M. Coles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Tree Ring Chronology ◽  
Historic Period ◽  
East Anglia ◽  
Oak Tree ◽  
Site Chronology ◽  
A Site ◽  
Very High

In the period 1970–85, tree-ring research in Europe had resulted in the production of long oak chronologies for both Ireland and Germany going back over 7000 years (e.g. Brown et al. 1986; Leuschner & Delorme 1984). In England, there was a network of regional chronologies covering the historic period, and almost no chronological coverage for the prehistoric. For the archaeologist this meant that, provided a site from the historic period produced a replicated site chronology, the chances of dating by dendrochronology were very high. The chances of this happening for a prehistoric site were poor by comparison, although some sites were successfully dated, for example the Iron Age causeway from Fiskerton in Liricolnshire and the Hasholme log boat found in North Humberside (Hillam 1987).The period 1985–88 saw an intense effort to outline a prehistoric oak tree-ring chronology in England (Baillie & Brown 1988). This work centred on sub-fossil oaks from East Anglia and Lancashire and built on a previous chronology from Swan Carr, near Durham which spanned 1155–381 BC (Baillie et al. 1983). The approach to chronology-building was to produce wellreplicated chronology units which could be located precisely in time against the existing Irish (Pilcher et al. 1984) and North German (Leuschner & Delorme 1984) chronologies.

A New Annual 14C Dataset for Calibrating the Thera Eruption

Radiocarbon ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 953-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronny Friedrich ◽  
Bernd Kromer ◽  
Lukas Wacker ◽  
Jesper Olsen ◽  
Sabine Remmele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Calibration Data ◽  
Tree Ring Chronology ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Oak Tree ◽  
Thera Eruption

ABSTRACTAnnually resolved tree-ring samples of the time period 1625–1510 BCE were analyzed from the German oak tree-ring chronology. Blocks of the same tree rings were previously used to generate IntCal calibration data. The new dataset shows an offset to the calibration data IntCal13 of 24 years and resembles annual data for the same time period derived from tree-ring records in other growth locations. A subset of samples of the period 1625–1585 BCE was additionally measured in three other laboratories (ETH, AAR, AA) for quality control.

scholarly journals Calendar Age of the Baigetobe Kurgan from the Iron Age Saka Cemetery in Shilikty Valley, Kazakhstan

Radiocarbon ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina P Panyushkina ◽  
Igor Y Slyusarenko ◽  
Renato Sala ◽  
Jean-Marc Deom ◽  
Abdesh T Toleubayev
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Burial Mound ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Tree Ring Chronology ◽  
Burial Site ◽  
Archaeological Wood ◽  
The North ◽  
Burial Rites

AbstractThis study addresses the development of an absolute chronology for prominent burial sites of Inner Asian nomadic cultures. We investigate Saka archaeological wood from a well-known gold-filled Baigetobe kurgan (burial mound #1 of Shilikty-3 cemetery) to estimate its calendar age using tree-ring and 14C dating. The Saka was the southernmost tribal group of Asian Scythians, who roamed Central Asia during the 1st millennium BC (Iron Age). The Shilikty is a large burial site located in the Altai Mountains along the border between Kazakhstan and China. We present a new floating tree-ring chronology of larch and five new 14C dates from the construction timbers of the Baigetobe kurgan. The results of Bayesian modeling suggest the age of studied timbers is ~730–690 cal BC. This places the kurgan in early Scythian time and authenticates a previously suggested age of the Baigetobe gold collection between the 8th and 7th centuries BC derived from the typology of grave goods and burial rites. Chronologically and stylistically, the Scythian Animal Style gold from the Baigetobe kurgan is closer to Early Scythians in the North Caucasus and Tuva than to the local Saka occurrences in the Kazakh Altai. Our dating results indicate that the Baigetobe kurgan was nearly contemporaneous to the Arjan-2 kurgan (Tuva) and could be one of the earliest kurgans of the Saka-Scythian elite in Central Asia.

WIGGLE-MATCH DATING OF A FLOATING OAK CHRONOLOGY FROM AN EARLY IRON AGE GRAVE CONSTRUCTION (ERESZTVÉNYI FOREST, FEHÉRVÁRCSURGÓ, HUNGARY)

Radiocarbon ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Z Kern ◽  
B Jungbert ◽  
A Morgós ◽  
M Molnár ◽  
E Horváth
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Construction Period ◽  
Eastern Border ◽  
Matching Procedure ◽  
Burial Mounds ◽  
Age Range

ABSTRACT Archaeological excavations unearthed three burial mounds between 1983 and 1986 at Fehérvárcsurgó (Hungary). Based on the archaeological determination the site was dated to the Early Iron Age. A complex wooden architecture was observed in the largest tumulus containing inner and outer beam constructions separated by stone blocks. Dendrochronological and radiocarbon (14C) analyses were performed on conserved logs (n=5) to constrain the felling date of the timber, identified as oak, and the construction period of the tumuli. The four longest ringwidth series were synchronized providing a 153-yr-long floating chronology. Five blocks were removed from the cross sections and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C analysis was performed on the separated α-cellulose. A wiggle-matching procedure was employed as the 14C ages were in agreement with their relative position in the tree-ring sequence and concurred with the expected archaeological period. The calibrated age range of the last extant ring is 747–707 cal BC (95.4%). The earliest possible felling date of the trees used in the construction was between 735 and 695 BC considering the missing sapwood. This is the first 14C dated tree-ring width chronology from the Early Iron Age in Hungary providing a valuable reference for dendroarchaeological studies along the eastern border of the Hallstatt Culture.

A LONG SUB-FOSSIL OAK TREE-RING CHRONOLOGY FROM THE NORTH OF IRELAND

1977 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 713-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. PILCHER ◽  
J. HILLAM ◽  
M. G. L. BAILLIE ◽  
G. W. PEARSON
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Ring Chronology ◽  
The North ◽  
Oak Tree

A 781-year oak tree-ring chronology for the Middle Ages archaeological dating in Maramureș (Eastern Europe)

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantin Nechita ◽  
Olafur Eggertsson ◽  
Ovidiu Nicolae Badea ◽  
Ionel Popa
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Ring Chronology ◽  
Oak Tree ◽  
The Middle Ages

scholarly journals Radiocarbon and Tree-Ring Dates of the Bes-Shatyr #3 Saka Kurgan in the Semirechiye, Kazakhstan

Radiocarbon ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 1297-1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Panyushkina ◽  
Fedor Grigoriev ◽  
Todd Lange ◽  
Nursan Alimbay
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Calibration Curve ◽  
Prominent Feature ◽  
Tree Ring Chronology ◽  
Inner Asia ◽  
Ili River Valley ◽  
Early Appearance ◽  
Wide Range

This study employs tree-ring crossdating and radiocarbon measurements to determine the precise calendar age of the Bes-Shatyr Saka necropolis (43°47′N, 81°21′E) built for wealthy tribe leaders in the Ili River Valley (Semirechiye), southern Kazakhstan. We developed a 218-yr tree-ring chronology and a highly resolved sequence of14C from timbers of Bes-Shatyr kurgan #3. A 4-decadal-point14C wiggle dates the Bes-Shatyr necropolis to 600 cal BC. A 47-yr range of cutting dates adjusted the kurgan date to ∼550 BC. This is the first result of high-resolution14C dating produced for the Saka burials in the Semirechiye. The collective dating of Bes-Shatyr indicates the early appearance of the Saka necropolis in the Semirechiye eastern margins of the Saka dispersal. However, the date is a couple of centuries younger than previously suggested by single14C dates. It is likely that the Shilbiyr sanctuary (location of the Bes-Shatyr) became a strategic and sacral place for the Saka leadership in the Semirechiye long before 550 BC. Another prominent feature of the Semirechiye burial landscape, the Issyk necropolis enclosing the Golden Warrior tomb, appeared a few centuries later according to14C dating reported by other investigators. This study contributes to the Iron Age chronology of Inner Asia, demonstrating successful results of14C calibration within the Hallstatt Plateau of the14C calibration curve. It appears that the wide range of calibrated dates for the Saka occurrences in Kazakhstan (from 800 BC to AD 350) is the result of the calibration curve constraints around the middle of the 1st millennium BC.

scholarly journals Dendrochronological and radiocarbon analyses of subfossil oaks from the foothills of the Romanian Carpathians

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Kern ◽  
Ionel Popa
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Tree Ring Chronology ◽  
Carpathian Region ◽  
Eastern Carpathians ◽  
Radiocarbon Data ◽  
Oak Tree ◽  
Romanian Carpathians

Abstract A set of subfossil macroremains, consisting of 118 oak (Quercus sp.) and 61 elm (Ulmus sp.) trees, was collected at five sites in the foothills of the Eastern Carpathians along the course of the Suceava river. The tree-ring widths of the subfossil samples were measured. Dendrochronological synchronization resulted in five oak chronologies, although each encompassed relatively few (2 to 4) reliably cross-dated series. Radiocarbon analysis was performed on samples from three of the floating chronologies and on an additional single oak sample. Double radiocarbon data from two of the floating chronologies allowed for improved calibration using the wiggle-match estimate of the subfossil oak remains. Radiocarbon evidence highlighted the fact that the subfossil material recovered from the fluvial deposits of the Suceava river may represent a substantial part of the Holocene, from ~700 to ~7000 years ago. When temporal distribution of 14C dated sequences from the Suceava black oaks were compared to the calibrated age ranges reported from nearby rivers (Siret, Moldova), deposition events were observed to coincide at around 0.8–0.9 ka cal BP and ~3.7–3.6 ka cal BP. The five presented floating chronologies, and especially the first 14C wiggle-matched tree-ring sequences of Ro-manian black oaks could become key building blocks in a longer regional oak tree-ring chronology for the Eastern Carpathian region.

scholarly journals The Long-Term Radiocarbon Trend of the Absolute German Oak Tree-Ring Chronology, 2800 to 800 BC

Radiocarbon ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Becker
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Ring Chronology ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Oak Tree ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Nearly Continuous ◽  
Continuous Source

The Hohenheim Tree-Ring Laboratory has extended the Holocene oak tree-ring chronology back to prehistoric times by analyses of subfossil tree trunks from gravel deposits along the rivers of central Europe. Hundreds of subfossil oaks can be collected each year because of widespread gravel quarrying. Despite this nearly continuous source of samples (at present, 2200 trees are analyzed), even within these deposits some limitations do exist in linking together a Holocene tree-ring sequence.

Revisiting the end of the Late Bronze Age and the transition to the Early Iron Age at Tille Höyük

Iraq ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 193-200
Author(s):  
Geoffrey D. Summers
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Cornell University ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Cross Matching

Dendrochronological dating of two phases of the monumental Gateway excavated at Tille Höyük on the Turkish Euphrates was carried out by Peter Kuniholm and his team in 1993. Very recently Carol Griggs and Sturt Manning, also of Cornell University, used AMS 14C to check cross-matching of tree-ring sequences. New dates suggest that the first phase of the gate was constructed toward the middle of the twelfth century BCE, probably a few decades after the fall of the LBA Hittite capital at Hattuša. Some implications of this lower dating for our understanding of the Early Iron Age are discussed, and new reconstructions of the Gateway plan are provided.

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