scholarly journals Spatial Variation in the Marine Radiocarbon Reservoir Effect Throughout the Scottish Post-Roman to Late Medieval Period: North Sea Values (500–1350 BP)

Radiocarbon ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 1166-1181 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Russell ◽  
G T Cook ◽  
P L Ascough ◽  
A J Dugmore
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Estuarine System ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Reservoir Effect ◽  
Global Average ◽  
The North ◽  
Late Medieval Period ◽  
Water Composition

The marine radiocarbon reservoir effect (MRE) occurs as a spatially and temporally dependent variable owing to localized changes in oceanic water composition. This study investigates ΔR values (deviations from the global average MRE whose ΔR = 0) during the period 500–1350 BP for the east coast of Scotland, where a complex estuarine system exists that drains into the semi-enclosed North Sea basin. Due to the availability of suitable archaeological samples, the data set has a distinct Medieval focus that spans the area from Aberdeen in the north to East Lothian in the south. Many of the ΔR values are not significantly different from 0 (the global average), but there are occasional excursions to negative values (max –172 ± 20) indicating the presence of younger water. These values show greater variability compared to other published data for this general region, suggesting that considerable care must be taken when dating marine derived samples from archaeological sites on the east coast of Scotland.

Ten Demi-Culverins for Aldeburgh: Whitehall, the Dunkirkers, and a Suffolk Fishing Community, 1625–1630

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Cogswell
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Fishing Community ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Impact

AbstractHistorians have not paid close attention to the activities of freebooters operating out of Dunkirk in the late 1620s. This essay corrects that omission by first studying the threat from Dunkirk to England's east coast and then addressing how the central government, counties, and coastal towns responded. A surprisingly rich vein of manuscript material from Great Yarmouth and particularly from the Suffolk fishing community of Aldeburgh informs this case study of the impact of this conflict around the North Sea.

Shear‐wave velocity and density estimation from PS-wave AVO analysis: Application to an OBS dataset from the North Sea

Geophysics ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1446-1454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Side Jin ◽  
G. Cambois ◽  
C. Vuillermoz
Keyword(s):  
Wave Velocity ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Random Noise ◽  
P Wave ◽  
S Wave ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Avo Analysis ◽  
The North ◽  
Avo Inversion ◽  
The North Sea

S-wave velocity and density information is crucial for hydrocarbon detection, because they help in the discrimination of pore filling fluids. Unfortunately, these two parameters cannot be accurately resolved from conventional P-wave marine data. Recent developments in ocean‐bottom seismic (OBS) technology make it possible to acquire high quality S-wave data in marine environments. The use of (S)-waves for amplitude variation with offset (AVO) analysis can give better estimates of S-wave velocity and density contrasts. Like P-wave AVO, S-wave AVO is sensitive to various types of noise. We investigate numerically and analytically the sensitivity of AVO inversion to random noise and errors in angles of incidence. Synthetic examples show that random noise and angle errors can strongly bias the parameter estimation. The use of singular value decomposition offers a simple stabilization scheme to solve for the elastic parameters. The AVO inversion is applied to an OBS data set from the North Sea. Special prestack processing techniques are required for the success of S-wave AVO inversion. The derived S-wave velocity and density contrasts help in detecting the fluid contacts and delineating the extent of the reservoir sand.

DISPERSANT EFFECTIVENESS IN FIELD TRIALS AND IN OPERATIONAL RESPONSE

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 (1) ◽  
pp. 923-923
Author(s):  
Tim Lunel ◽  
Peter Wood ◽  
Louise Davies
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Oil Droplet ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Dispersant Effectiveness ◽  
Oil Droplet Size

ABSTRACT The North Sea field tests described in the paper have provided a quantitative data set on dispersant efficiency that can be used to calibrate laboratory dispersant tests. Comparisons of efficiency figures from the EXDET, IFP, Swirling Flask, and WSL tests with the field dispersant efficiency figures indicate that the WSL test comes closest to replicating the observed dispersion, in terms of both the percentage of oil dispersed and the oil droplet size of the dispersion. This paper, with the accompanying presentation in the Sea Empress session of the conference, demonstrates that a combination of quantitative field tests and the WSL test can be used to guide responders in decisions of whether to use dispersants in response to an oil spill. The WSL test and the field trials indicated that dispersants were likely to be effective against both the Forties Blend crude oil and the weathered oil. These predictions were confirmed by the successful dispersant operation at the Sea Empress incident.

XIV.—New Records of Polychætes from Scottish Coastal and Offshore Waters

1960 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
East Coast ◽  
New Records ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea

SynopsisFrom a faunistic survey in Scottish waters, concentrated mainly in the sea lochs of the north-west coast and in the deep water in the North Sea off the east coast, thirty-two species of polychætes are listed which have not previously been recorded from these areas. Seven of the species are new records for British coastal waters or for the North Sea.

scholarly journals Quaternary River Diversions in the London Basin and the Eastern English Channel

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Bridgland ◽  
P. L. Gibbard
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
North Coast ◽  
English Channel ◽  
East Anglia ◽  
The North ◽  
Course Changes ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Last Glacial

ABSTRACT The principal river of the London basin, the Thames, has experienced a number of course changes during the Quaternary. Some, at least, of these are known to result directly from glaciation. In the early Quaternary the river flowed to the north of London across East Anglia to the north coast of Norfolk. By the early Middle Pleistocene it had changed its course to flow eastwards near the Suffolk - Essex border into the southern North Sea. The Thames valley to the north of London was blocked by ice during the Anglian/Elsterian glaciation, causing a series of glacial lakes to form. Overflow of these lakes brought the river into its modern valley through London. It is thought that this valley already existed by the Anglian in the form of a tributary of the north-flowing River Medway, which joined the old Thames valley near Clacton. Also during the Anglian/Elsterian glaciation. British and continental ice masses are thought to have joined in the northern part of the North Sea basin, causing a large lake to form between the east coast of England and the Netherlands. It is widely believed that the overflow from this lake caused the first breach in the Weald-Artois Ridge, bringing about the formation of the Strait of Dover. Prior to the glaciation the Thames, in common with rivers from the continent (including the Rhine and Meuse), flowed into the North Sea Basin. It seems that, after the lake overflow, these rivers together drained southwards into the English Channel. Whether this southern drainage route was adopted during all later periods of low sea level remains to be determined, but it seems certain that this was the case during the last glacial.

Introduction: ethnic associationalism and an English diaspora

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Bueltmann ◽  
Donald M. MacRaild
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea

In early 1953, a major storm hit parts of northern Europe, causing the North Sea to flood. Over 300 people died on land along the east coast of England, with a similar number also perishing at sea. The country’s eastern coastline was devastated, properties were severely damaged, and thousands of people had to be evacuated from their homes....

Model-based hydrodynamic leveling; a power full tool to enhance the quality of the geodetic networks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosra Afrasteh ◽  
Cornelis Slobbe ◽  
Martin Verlaan ◽  
Martina Sacher ◽  
Roland Klees
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Offshore Platforms ◽  
Tide Gauges ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Model Based ◽  
The North ◽  
Height System ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Impact

<p>Model-based hydrodynamic leveling is an efficient and flexible alternative method to connect islands and offshore tide gauges with the height system on land. The method uses a regional, high-resolution hydrodynamic model that provides total water levels. From the model, we obtain the differences in mean water level (MWL) between tide gauges at the mainland and at the islands or offshore platforms, respectively. Adding them to the MWL relative to the national height system at the mainland’s tide gauges realizes a connection of the island and offshore platforms with the height system on the mainland. Usually, the geodetic leveling networks are based on spirit leveling. So, as we can not make the direct connections between coastal countries, due to the inability of the spirit leveling method to cross the water bodies, they are weak in these regions. In this study, we assessed the impact of using model-based hydrodynamic leveling connections among the North Sea countries on the quality at which the European Vertical Reference System can be realized. In doing so, we combined the model-based hydrodynamic leveling data with synthetic geopotential differences among the height markers of the Unified European Leveling Network (UELN) used to realize the European Vertical Reference Frame 2019. The uncertainties of the latter data set were provided by the BKG. The impact is assessed in terms of both precision and reliability. We will show that adding model-based hydrodynamic leveling connections lowers the standard deviations of the estimated heights in the North Sea countries significantly. In terms of reliability, no significant improvements are observed.</p>

Decadal changes in the North Sea food web between 1981 and 1991 — implications for fish stock assessment

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 2586-2602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Kempf ◽  
Jens Floeter ◽  
Axel Temming
Keyword(s):  
Food Web ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Fish Stock ◽  
Fish Diet ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The North ◽  
Stock Biomass ◽  
Spawning Stock ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Impact

The North Sea ecosystem of the early 1980s differed substantially from that of the early 1990s. The current North Sea multispecies fisheries assessment models are parameterized by fish diet data sets that reflect both ecosystem states, as the stomachs were sampled in 1981 and 1991. In this study, multispecies virtual population analysis (MSVPA) was parameterized with either diet data set, leading to different model food webs, each representing the predator's diet selection behavior and spatiotemporal overlap with their prey in the two respective ecosystem states. The impact of these changes in predator preferences and spatiotemporal overlap on recruitment success and on stock developments could be demonstrated by using either stomach data set to estimate historic and future spawning stock biomass and recruitment trajectories. The observed changes in the food web mainly impacted the hindcasted recruitment trajectories, whereas spawning stock biomass estimates were quite robust. In the prediction runs, the differences in the survival rate of the recruits decided whether fish stocks of commercially important species (e.g., Gadus morhua, Merlangius merlangus) would recover or collapse in the near future.

Quantifying the uncertainty in an AVO interpretation

Geophysics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard T. Houck
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Seismic Data ◽  
Reflection Coefficients ◽  
Amplitude Variation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Amplitude Variation With Offset ◽  
Full Characterization ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea

Lithologic interpretations of amplitude variation with offset (AVO) information are ambiguous both because different lithologies occupy overlapping ranges of elastic properties, and because angle‐dependent reflection coefficients estimated from seismic data are uncertain. This paper presents a method for quantifying and combining these two components of uncertainty to get a full characterization of the uncertainty associated with an AVO‐based lithologic interpretation. The result of this approach is a compilation of all the lithologies that are consistent with the observed AVO behavior, along with a probability of occurrence for each lithology. A 2‐D line from the North Sea illustrates how the method might be applied in practice. For any data set, the interaction between the geologic and measurement components of uncertainty may significantly affect the overall uncertainty in a lithologic interpretation.

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