scholarly journals Chronological Development of the Tripolye Culture Giant-Settlement of Talianki (Ukraine): 14C Dating vs. Pottery Typology

Radiocarbon ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Rassamakin ◽  
Francesco Menotti
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
The Other ◽  
14C Dating ◽  
Relative Chronology ◽  
Phases Of Development ◽  
One Step ◽  
Tripolye Culture ◽  
Better Than

The long tradition of relative chronology based on pottery typology has often hindered the development of radiocarbon dating amongst the Tripolye giant-settlement in Ukraine. Although it is fairly reliable, relative chronology encounters insurmountable obstacles in identifying internal phases of development within a single settlement. This paper presents the first attempt to use 14C dates to monitor the chronological development of the Talianki giant-settlement, from its formation to the various phases of development and the final decline. It then goes one step further by proving genetic links between 2 “neighboring” settlements, confirming that one is the result of migration processes of the other. This study does not intend to prove that one of the dating techniques is better than the other, but to demonstrate that a synergetic combination of the 2 methods will certainly lead to more reliable results.

scholarly journals AMS 14C Dating of Romanesque Rotunda and Stone Buildings of a Medieval Monastery in Łekno, Poland

Radiocarbon ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 471-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej M Wyrwa ◽  
Tomasz Goslar ◽  
Justyna Czernik
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Firing Process ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
14C Dating ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
Phases Of Development ◽  
The Church ◽  
Archaeological Excavations ◽  
Ams 14C Dating ◽  
Better Than

Archaeological excavations performed for many years in Łekno, central Poland, have exposed relicts of wooden fortified settlements, and in its enclosure also basements of stone buildings, consisting of Romanesque rotunda and a Cistercian monastery, including an oratory, church, and abbot's house. Earlier archaeological, structural, and stratigraphical studies have shown that these buildings were constructed in a sequence and represented several phases of development.In this paper, we present results of radiocarbon dating of stone buildings of the rotunda and the monastery. For 14C dating, we used tiny pieces of charcoal retrieved from calcareous and gypsum mortar binding stone elements from the buildings. These pieces were incorporated in mortar during the firing process, where the fuel used for firing was wood. Most of the obtained 14C dates formed clear groups, confirming that individual buildings were constructed in separate periods. Calibrated 14C dates of these phases agree well with the constraints provided by historical sources, and enable us to set their ages with accuracy better than previously available. In particular, we have learned that the oldest rotunda was built at the boundary of the 10/11th centuries, and the church and the abbot's house, before AD 1250. However, some samples gave much too old 14C ages, clearly reflecting the use of old wood for firing. These problems were revealed only for samples from the rotunda and for the gypsum stone ornamental details.

scholarly journals The Chronology of Tell El-Daba: A Crucial Meeting Point of 14C Dating, Archaeology, and Egyptology in the 2nd Millennium BC

Radiocarbon ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 407-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Kutschera ◽  
Manfred Bietak ◽  
Eva Maria Wild ◽  
Christopher Bronk Ramsey ◽  
Michael Dee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Nile Delta ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
The Other ◽  
14C Dating ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Different Cultures

Radiocarbon dating at the Tell el-Daba site in the Nile Delta has created an enigma for many years. Despite great efforts, the difference of about 120 yr between the chronology based on 14C dates and the one based on archaeological evidence linked to the Egyptian historical chronology has not been solved. In order to foster open discussions on this discrepancy, we present here the results of 40 14C accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) measurements on short-lived plant material assigned to 14 different phases of the Tell el-Daba excavation, spanning 600 yr (about 2000–1400 BC). On the one hand, the recently established agreement between 14C dates and dynastic Egypt (Bronk Ramsey et al. 2010) makes it unlikely that the problem lies in the 14C dates and/or the Egyptian historical chronology. On the other hand, the extensive archaeological evidence from Tell el-Daba linked to many different cultures in the eastern Mediterranean and to the Egyptian historical chronology provides strong evidence for an absolute chronology shifted by about 120 yr with respect to the 14C dates.

scholarly journals A Counter System for High-Precision 14C Dating

Radiocarbon ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 31 (03) ◽  
pp. 399-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ede Hertelendi ◽  
Éva Csongor ◽  
Laszlo Zaborszky ◽  
Jozsef Molnar ◽  
Janos Gal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Data Evaluation ◽  
14C Dating ◽  
Counting Period ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Electrolytic Copper ◽  
Proportional Counters ◽  
Better Than

A multicounter radiocarbon dating system was developed applying the experiences of the previous one-channel low-level counting facility. The counter system consists of nine electrolytic copper proportional counters of identical diameters with sensitive volumes of 0.35–0.7dm3 and filled with either methane at high pressure (6 bar) or CO2 at 1 bar. The inner counters are surrounded by an anticoincidence shield consisting of five multiwire proportional flat counters filled with propane. The pulses of the detectors are handled by integrated amplifiers, discriminators and anticoincidence units interfaced to a microprocessor-controlled data evaluation unit. Software is written in BASIC using ASSEMBLER sub-routines. The overall precision of the system for modern carbon samples using high-pressure methane-filled counters (B ≍ 0.7 cpm, S ≍ 14 cpm) is better than 4 after a counting period of seven days.

scholarly journals Combining relative chronology and AMS 14C dating to contextualize ‘megasites’, serial migrations and diachronic expressions of material culture in the Western Tripolye culture, Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 2-22
Author(s):  
Thomas K. Harper ◽  
Aleksandr Diachenko ◽  
Yuri Y. Rassamakin ◽  
Dmitriy K. Chernovol ◽  
Valentina A. Shumova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
14C Dating ◽  
Cultural Complex ◽  
Technological Transfer ◽  
Relative Chronology ◽  
Chronological Sequence ◽  
Tripolye Culture ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Ams 14C Dating

Scholarship regarding the Eneolithic Cucuteni-Tripolye cultural complex of Romania, Moldova and Ukraine has recently focused on ‘megasites’ of the Western Tripolye culture (WTC) in Central Ukraine. However, in order to properly contextualize such unusual phenomena, we must explore the broader typo-chronology of the WTC, which is suggestive of a high degree of mobility and technological transfer between regions. We report 28 new AMS 14C dates from sites representing diagnostic types and propose a high-resolution chronological sequence for the WTC’s development. Our results support the relative chronology and offer an opportunity to propose a new chronological synthesis for the WTC.

scholarly journals Improving the 14C Dating of Marine Shells from the Canary Islands for Constructing More Reliable and Accurate Chronologies

Radiocarbon ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 943-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M Matos Martins ◽  
Alfredo Mederos Martín ◽  
Paulo J Cesário Portela ◽  
António M Monge Soares
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Coastal Upwelling ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
14C Dating ◽  
Marine Mollusk ◽  
Terrestrial Material ◽  
Charred Wood

Radiocarbon dating of closely associated marine mollusk shells and terrestrial material (charred wood or bone) collected from archaeological contexts on Tenerife and Fuerteventura islands allowed us to quantify the marine 14C reservoir effect (ΔR) around the Canary Archipelago. Coastal Fuerteventura has a positive weighted mean ΔR value of +185 ± 30 14C yr, while for Tenerife a range of negative and positive values was obtained, resulting in a ΔR weighted mean value of 0 ± 35 14C yr. These values are in accordance with the hydrodynamic system present off the Canary Islands characterized by a coastal upwelling regime that affects the eastern islands (Fuerteventura and Lanzarote) but not the other islands of the archipelago, namely Tenerife. Because of this oceanographic pattern, we recommend the extrapolation of these results to the remaining islands of the archipelago, i.e. the first value must be used for the eastern islands, while for the central and western islands the acceptable ΔR value is 0 ± 35 14C yr.

scholarly journals The chronology and periodization of the Bronze and the early Iron Age burial ground in Domasław, Wrocław district, based on radiocarbon dating

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 31-48
Author(s):  
Tomasz Goslar
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Analysis ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Relative Chronology ◽  
Characteristic Features

The article presents the results of the radiocarbon dating and Bayesian analysis of 14C dates of bones from the burial ground in Domasław. The Bayesian analysis used the relative chronology obtained based on the characteristic features of grave goods and the assigning of individual burials to specific periods of the late Bronze Age (III EB – V EB ) or the early Iron Age (HC – LtA). A coherent chronological model of the burial ground was accepted after assuming that graves with transitional features, attributable to two subsequent periods, could have been contemporary of graves from one or the other period. The temporal frames of particular periods calculated by the model allow us to improve previously published chronological diagrams of the late Bronze Age and the early Iron Age in the region.  

Closing the GAP—A 5Å Scanning Microscope

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Normal Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Conventional Microscope ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Closing The Gap ◽  
Thermal Sources ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Transmission Microscope

We have become accustomed to differentiating between the scanning microscope and the conventional transmission microscope according to the resolving power which the two instruments offer. The conventional microscope is capable of a point resolution of a few angstroms and line resolutions of periodic objects of about 1Å. On the other hand, the scanning microscope, in its normal form, is not ordinarily capable of a point resolution better than 100Å. Upon examining reasons for the 100Å limitation, it becomes clear that this is based more on tradition than reason, and in particular, it is a condition imposed upon the microscope by adherence to thermal sources of electrons.

MUNDANE MIRACLES IN AWADH. ENCOUNTERS WITH THE REVEALED AND THE HIDDEN

2020 ◽  
pp. 130-140
Author(s):  
Maxim B. Demchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Local People ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Mughal Empire ◽  
The Public ◽  
British Raj ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Other World ◽  
Better Than

The sphere of the unknown, supernatural and miraculous is one of the most popular subjects for everyday discussions in Ayodhya – the last of the provinces of the Mughal Empire, which entered the British Raj in 1859, and in the distant past – the space of many legendary and mythological events. Mostly they concern encounters with inhabitants of the “other world” – spirits, ghosts, jinns as well as miraculous healings following magic rituals or meetings with the so-called saints of different religions (Hindu sadhus, Sufi dervishes),with incomprehensible and frightening natural phenomena. According to the author’s observations ideas of the unknown in Avadh are codified and structured in Avadh better than in other parts of India. Local people can clearly define if they witness a bhut or a jinn and whether the disease is caused by some witchcraft or other reasons. Perhaps that is due to the presence in the holy town of a persistent tradition of katha, the public presentation of plots from the Ramayana epic in both the narrative and poetic as well as performative forms. But are the events and phenomena in question a miracle for the Avadhvasis, residents of Ayodhya and its environs, or are they so commonplace that they do not surprise or fascinate? That exactly is the subject of the essay, written on the basis of materials collected by the author in Ayodhya during the period of 2010 – 2019. The author would like to express his appreciation to Mr. Alok Sharma (Faizabad) for his advice and cooperation.

Temperature Effects during Endodormancy Induction on Subsequent Anthesis and Growth of Peach Trees

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 452c-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Schuyler D. Seeley ◽  
Raymundo Rojas-Martinez ◽  
James Frisby
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nighttime Temperatures ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Better Than

Mature peach trees in pots were treated with nighttime temperatures of –3, 6, 12, and 18 °C for 16 h and a daytime temperature of 20 °C for 8 h until the leaves abscised in the colder treatments. The trees were then chilled at 6 °C for 40 to 70 days. Trees were removed from chilling at 40, 50, 60, and 70 days and placed in a 20 °C greenhouse under increasing daylength, spring conditions. Anthesis was faster and shoot length increased with longer chilling treatments. Trees exposed to –3 °C pretreatment flowered and grew best with 40 days of chilling. However, they did not flower faster or grow better than the other treatments with longer chilling times. There was no difference in flowering or growth between the 6 and 12 °C pretreatments. The 18 °C pretreatment resulted in slower flowering and very little growth after 40 and 50 days of chilling, but growth was comparable to other treatments after 70 days of chilling.

Nglyc: A Random Forest Method for Prediction of N-Glycosylation Sites in Eukaryotic Protein Sequence

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganesan Pugalenthi ◽  
Varadharaju Nithya ◽  
Kuo-Chen Chou ◽  
Govindaraju Archunan
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Protein Sequence ◽  
Glycosylation Site ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Eukaryotic Protein ◽  
Random Forest Method ◽  
Glycosylation Sites ◽  
Human And Mouse ◽  
Better Than

Background: N-Glycosylation is one of the most important post-translational mechanisms in eukaryotes. N-glycosylation predominantly occurs in N-X-[S/T] sequon where X is any amino acid other than proline. However, not all N-X-[S/T] sequons in proteins are glycosylated. Therefore, accurate prediction of N-glycosylation sites is essential to understand Nglycosylation mechanism. Objective: In this article, our motivation is to develop a computational method to predict Nglycosylation sites in eukaryotic protein sequences. Methods: In this article, we report a random forest method, Nglyc, to predict N-glycosylation site from protein sequence, using 315 sequence features. The method was trained using a dataset of 600 N-glycosylation sites and 600 non-glycosylation sites and tested on the dataset containing 295 Nglycosylation sites and 253 non-glycosylation sites. Nglyc prediction was compared with NetNGlyc, EnsembleGly and GPP methods. Further, the performance of Nglyc was evaluated using human and mouse N-glycosylation sites. Results: Nglyc method achieved an overall training accuracy of 0.8033 with all 315 features. Performance comparison with NetNGlyc, EnsembleGly and GPP methods shows that Nglyc performs better than the other methods with high sensitivity and specificity rate. Conclusion: Our method achieved an overall accuracy of 0.8248 with 0.8305 sensitivity and 0.8182 specificity. Comparison study shows that our method performs better than the other methods. Applicability and success of our method was further evaluated using human and mouse N-glycosylation sites. Nglyc method is freely available at https://github.com/bioinformaticsML/ Ngly.

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