Richness of epiphytic lichens in differently aged Picea abies plantations situated in the oceanic region of Central Norway

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga HILMO ◽  
Håkon HOLIEN ◽  
Håkan HYTTEBORN ◽  
Hilde ELY-AALSTRUP
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Epiphytic Lichen ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Young Stand ◽  
Oceanic Region ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance

AbstractThis study aims to investigate patterns of species richness and abundance in relation to stand age in 71 Picea abies plantations, aged between 9 and 85 years, situated in the oceanic region of Central Norway. The study has shown that plantations within the oceanic spruce forests can support a relatively high number of epiphytic lichen species. Some of the oldest plantations hosted several old-forest associated species, e.g. Hypogymnia vittata, Lobaria pulmonaria, Pseudocyphellaria crocata and Ramalina thrausta. The number of species was influenced significantly by stand age and increased rapidly in stands <20 years old. Stands >30 years old showed no clear increase in species number, except for a high number of species in the two oldest stands. The colonization pattern could be characterized as an additional entrance of species, rather than by a replacement sequence. The probability of occurrence increased steeply at young stand ages (<20 years) for Bryoria spp., Cavernularia hultenii, Platismatia glauca, Parmelia sulcata and Usnea spp. A lower rate of colonization was characteristic for Alectoria sarmentosa, Parmelia saxatilis and Platismatia norvegica. The cover of foliose lichens on the branches showed an almost unimodal response to stand age. The cover of lichens was highest on branches in middle-aged plantations. The reason for the lower lichen cover in late successional stages, compared to middle-aged stands, could be due to reduced light in the lower canopy of mature plantations. Increased rotation cycle, creation of gaps and short distance to sources of propagules are factors suggested to promote species richness and abundance in forest plantations.

Saproxylic beetles (Coleoptera) using Populus in boreal aspen stands of western Canada: spatiotemporal variation and conservation of assemblages

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
HE James Hammond ◽  
David W Langor ◽  
John R Spence
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Saproxylic Beetles ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Total Species Richness ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
Canadian Boreal Forest

Saproxylic beetles associated with Populus coarse woody material were sampled from two age classes of fire-origin aspen stands in north-central Alberta, Canada. A combination of rearings from wood bolts and window traps attached to snags yielded 9571 beetles representing 257 taxa over the 3-year period (1993–1995). We investigated faunal variation across regions, stand ages (mature, 60–90 years; old, >100 years), decay classes, wood types, and years in terms of species richness, abundance, and trophic differences. Although trophic structure was similar, faunal composition differed between the two study regions. Species richness and abundance were similar across stand ages; however, many species were collected exclusively or in great majority from old stands and from snags of large diameter, which suggested that truncation of stand age structure through widespread industrial harvest could have serious consequences for saproxylic assemblages. Beetle species richness increased with the level of wood decay, whereas the total catch of beetles tended to be higher in early stages of decay. Wood borer abundance tended to be higher in snags; however, total species richness was higher in logs. Our analyses suggest that (i) many beetle species in the Canadian boreal forest depend directly upon standing and fallen large-diameter woody material from Populus trees, (ii) variation in stage of decay is critical to beetle diversity, and (iii) provision for retention of representative old stands is critical to conservation of saproxylic communities.

scholarly journals Edge effects and landscape matrix use by a small mammal community in fragments of semideciduous submontane forest in Mato Grosso, Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Santos-Filho ◽  
DJ. da Silva ◽  
TM. Sanaiotti
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Small Mammal ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Species Accumulation Curves ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Species Accumulation ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance

A community of small mammals was studied in seasonal semideciduous submontane forest in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. This study evaluated the use of edge and matrix pasture, by different small mammal species. Overall, 31 areas were studied, with a total sampling effort of 33,800 trap x nights. Only seven of the 25 species captured in the study sites were able to use the pasture matrix; we classified these species as generalists. Fourteen species were found to be intermediate in habits, being able to use forest edges. We found only four species habitat specialists, occurring only on transect lines in the interior of the fragment, at least 150 m from the edge. Transects located in the pasture matrix and 50 m from the edge had significantly lower species richness and abundance than transects located in the fragment edge or in the interior of the fragment. All transects located within the fragment had similar species richness and abundance, but transects located 50 m from the edge had slightly lower, but non-significant, species richness than transects located 100 m apart from edges. Rarefaction curves demonstrated that only medium-sized fragments (100 300 ha) reached an asymptote of species accumulation. The other areas require further sampling, or more sampling transect, before species accumulation curves stabilize, due to a continued increase in species number.

scholarly journals Patterns of Species Richness and Abundance in Badingilo National Park in South Sudan

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Francis Lado ◽  
David Gwolo Phanuel Mogga ◽  
Richard Angelo Lado Benjamin
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
National Park ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Point Count ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Riverine Habitat ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
Point Count Method

The study was carried out to determine patterns of birds’ species richness, alpha and beta diversities; and abundance in Badingilo national park using a 10 m fixed-radius point count method. A total of 2670 individuals were recorded from 182 points in the park. The highest expected number of species (Jack1 estimator) was observed in the Riverine habitat and least was in the Agriculture and Human settlement habitat type. The total number of species observed in the park was 63; however Jack1 estimator indicated that there were 68 species in the park. The majority of the birds observed during the study were resident species, few migratory and Palaearctic bird species. Few birds observed in the park were abundant. The most abundant species was the village weaver (381 individuals), and the rarest species were black-bellied bustard, barn owl, black scimitar bill and tree pipit (one individual each).

scholarly journals Preliminary data on the Posidonia meadows and associated macrozoobenthic community of Sazani island (Albania)

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jula Selmani ◽  
Stela Ruci ◽  
Denada Kasemi ◽  
Sajmir Beqiraj ◽  
Lefter Kashta
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Posidonia Oceanica ◽  
The State ◽  
Macroinvertebrate Community ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Benthic Macroinvertebrate ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance

The seagrass Posidonia oceanica meadows are scarcely studied in the Albanian coast. Data presented in this work have been collected during an assessment of benthic communities of Sazani Island, Albania, in May 2013. The P. oceanica meadow has a limited distribution around this island, covering a relatively small area on its eastern coast. Although this meadow seems to be under degradation, it is still a good shelter for high species number and high abundance of benthic macroinvertebrates. The highest species richness and abundance has been recorded for sponges, hydrozoans, gastropods, bivalves, polychaetes, echinoderms, bryozoans and ascidians. The sciaphilic and photophilic communities were clearly evident, associated respectively to the P. oceanica rhizomes and leaves. Referring to the species richness and abundance, a rapid assessment of ecological and environmental state of benthic macroinvertebrate community has been done. Other parameters used for the assessment of the state of P. oceanica meadow have also been recorded, and possible reasons for the degradation of the meadow have been highlighted. These assessments of the benthic macroinvertebrate community and the state of seagrass meadow are also important within the framework of monitoring, conservation and management of the only Marine Protected Area of Albania, where Sazani Island is a core area.

scholarly journals The Similar Usage of a Common Key Resource Does Not Determine Similar Responses by Species in A Community of Oil-collecting Bees

Sociobiology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Cândida Maria Lima Aguiar ◽  
Shantala Lua ◽  
Maise Silva ◽  
Paulo Enrique Cardoso Peixoto ◽  
Heiddy M Alvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Ecological Factor ◽  
Total Abundance ◽  
Neotropical Savanna ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Factors ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
The Common ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
Floral Oil

Variations in abundance and species richness among communities are often determined by interactions between biotic and abiotic factors. However, for communities composed of species that share a common specialization (such as similar foraging adaptations) it may be a key ecological factor involved in the common specialization that affects community variations. To evaluate this possibility, we characterized the guild of oil-collecting bees of a Neotropical savanna in Brazil and tested whether differences in Byrsonima abundance and availability of floral oil explain differences in species richness and abundance of oil-collecting bees of different tribes. Both the number of species and total abundance of Centridini species increased with the abundance of Byrsonima. One plausible explanation for the stronger adjustment between the abundance of Centridini and Byrsonima is that the abundance of these plants affects not only the availability of floral oil, but also of pollen. These findings indicate that the existence of a common specialization among different species does not homogenize their response to variations in a common explored resource.

scholarly journals La familia Bromeliaceae en México

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adolfo Espejo-Serna ◽  
Ana Rosa López-Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Baja California ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Baja California Sur ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Botanical Collection

<p><strong>Background</strong>: Bromeliaceae family in Mexico has been the object of interest by botanists since 1789; their systematic study was approached from the 1970s onwards, and now there are significant advances in its taxonomic-floristic knowledge.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Question: </strong>How many and which species of Bromeliaceae occur in Mexico? How they are distributed, and how many are endemic?</p><p><strong>Study site</strong>: México, 1887-2017.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>: Based on the study of the Mexican Bromeliaceae, including botanical collection, literature review, and revision, analysis and determination of specimens in 50 herbaria, data about species richness, Mexican endemics, and distribution of their taxa in the country, were obtained.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: In Mexico are represented four of the eight subfamilies of Bromeliaceae, 19 genera, 422 species, and 8 infraespecific taxa. The genera with the highest number of species in the country are <em>Tillandsia </em>(230/54.5 %), <em>Hechtia</em> (71/16.8 %) and Pitcairnia (50/11.8 %). 318 of the Bromeliaceae species are endemics to Mexico, as well as <em>Ursulaea</em> and <em>Viridantha</em> genera<em>; </em>172 species are microendemic. The entity with the highest number of taxa is Oaxaca, followed by Chiapas, Veracruz and Guerrero. Tlaxcala and Baja California Sur have the lowest species number. Baja California, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Ciudad de México, San Luis Potosí, Sonora, Tabasco y Tlaxcala have not strict endemic taxa.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Although progress in the knowledge of Mexican Bromeliaceae has been constant, exploration and recollection work is still required before concluding the Mexican bromeliad flora. It is also necessary to promote studies considering aspects of conservation and sustainable use.</p>

Diversity

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Gray ◽  
Michael Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Abundance Ratio ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
True Diversity ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
Evenness Indices ◽  
Number Of Individuals

In the previous chapter we covered ways of describing samples of benthos, but specifically did not include diversity. We can talk of primary community variables, such as abundance (A), species richness (S) and biomass (B), and derived variables from these such as true diversity indices, evenness indices, and ratios indicating the relationship between species richness and abundance (A/S, the abundance ratio or the average abundance per species) and between biomass and abundance (B/A, the biomass ratio or the mean biomass per individual). Diversity is not just simply about the number of species found in a sample or area, but also uses data on the abundances of individuals among the species and the way those abundances are distributed among the species within the assemblage. There are many ways of describing diversity. Here we give a summary of the most important ones and reference sources of recent literature on the subject (see also the data analysis summary in Chapter 11). In the following section we consider simple indices (univariate) as measures of diversity; multivariate methods of analysing patterns will be covered in Chapter 7 on the effects of disturbance. The simplest way to measure diversity is the number of species found in a sample, called the species richness (S or SR). Yet diversity is not just about numbers of species; it is also concerned with the distribution of numbers of individuals per species. For example, if one assemblage has 50 individuals of each of 2 species A and B whereas another assemblage has 99 individuals of species A and 1 individual of species B, then both have the same species richness but the first assemblage is the more diverse. Thus a measure of diversity (an index) must take into account not only the number of species, but also the number of individuals per species. To distinguish this from species richness, the combination of individuals per species and number of species is called heterogeneity diversity. In fact there are a large number of diversity indices, and we do not propose to consider them all here (Magurran 2004 gives an excellent and detailed account and others are mentioned in the summary in Chapter 11).

A preliminary survey of cryobiontic algal communities from Cierva Point (Antarctic Peninsula)

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Mataloni ◽  
Gustavo Tesolín
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Antarctic Peninsula ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Preliminary Survey ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Algal Communities ◽  
Secondary Carotenoids ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance

Algal communities colouring snow and ice were studied at fourteen sites on Cierva Point (Danco Coast, Antarctic Peninsula). Chlorophyta were the dominant group in cryobiontic communities, both in species richness and abundance. Cyanobacteria and diatoms, in turn, showed a higher species number at low altitude, well drained temporary snow fields, probably denoting a cryoxenic character. Descriptions of the six species newly recorded for Antarctica are given, and the taxonomic position of some Scotiella, Trochiscia and Koliella species is discussed. Further research is needed to assess the importance of various stress factors in the progressive drop in species richness and biosynthesis of secondary carotenoids associated with a change in snow colour from green to orange-red to pink-red.

scholarly journals Crustacean Decapod Assemblage Associated with Seagrass (Zostera marina) Beds in Southern Waters of Korea

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Joo Myun Park ◽  
Seok Nam Kwak ◽  
Ralf Riedel
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Zostera Marina ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Seagrass Beds ◽  
Diel Patterns ◽  
Palaemon Macrodactylus ◽  
Catch Rates ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
A Minor

Decapod assemblages in Zostera marina beds from two bays adjacent to unvegetated habitats were investigated to assess their influence on decapod assemblages. Thirty-eight decapod species belonging to four taxa were collected using a small beam trawl at four habitat types from two different locations off the coast of Namhae Island, South Korea. Dominant decapod taxon at all habitats was the caridean shrimps, with Eualus leptognathus, Heptacarpus pandaloides, Latreutes anoplonyx, La. Laminirostris, and Palaemon macrodactylus being the most abundant caridean species. Crabs were characterized with the highest biomass, but with moderate species richness and abundance. Penaeoid and sergestoid shrimps only accounted for <1% of the total decapod abundance. The number of species and their abundance of decapod assemblages varied greatly by habitat type, season, and diel patterns, but not diversity. Species number and abundance peaked in seagrass beds of southern exposed bays during the autumn and were lowest in unvegetated habitats during the summer months. Diel decapod catch rates were higher at night. Dense seagrass vegetation and nighttime supported higher decapod mean densities, but not species richness and diversity. Multivariate analyses revealed that habitat type and season significantly affected the structure of decapod assemblages, but diel patterns had a minor influence. Among decapod species, Pa. macrodactylus and Pugettia quadridens characterized the decapod assemblages in seagrass beds at the northern semi-closed bay, while Telmessus acutidens, Crangon affinis, Cr. hakodatei, Charybdis (Charybdis) japonica, and Portunus sanguinolentus were significantly associated with both vegetated and unvegetated habitats at the southern exposed bay, with the former two species more abundant during the colder season.

scholarly journals Preliminary data on the Posidonia meadows and associated macrozoobenthic community of Sazani island (Albania)

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jula Selmani ◽  
Stela Ruci ◽  
Denada Kasemi ◽  
Sajmir Beqiraj ◽  
Lefter Kashta
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Posidonia Oceanica ◽  
The State ◽  
Macroinvertebrate Community ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Benthic Macroinvertebrate ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance

The seagrass Posidonia oceanica meadows are scarcely studied in the Albanian coast. Data presented in this work have been collected during an assessment of benthic communities of Sazani Island, Albania, in May 2013. The P. oceanica meadow has a limited distribution around this island, covering a relatively small area on its eastern coast. Although this meadow seems to be under degradation, it is still a good shelter for high species number and high abundance of benthic macroinvertebrates. The highest species richness and abundance has been recorded for sponges, hydrozoans, gastropods, bivalves, polychaetes, echinoderms, bryozoans and ascidians. The sciaphilic and photophilic communities were clearly evident, associated respectively to the P. oceanica rhizomes and leaves. Referring to the species richness and abundance, a rapid assessment of ecological and environmental state of benthic macroinvertebrate community has been done. Other parameters used for the assessment of the state of P. oceanica meadow have also been recorded, and possible reasons for the degradation of the meadow have been highlighted. These assessments of the benthic macroinvertebrate community and the state of seagrass meadow are also important within the framework of monitoring, conservation and management of the only Marine Protected Area of Albania, where Sazani Island is a core area.

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