Gene flow in symbionts of Cladonia arbuscula

2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason ROBERTSON ◽  
Michele D. PIERCEY-NORMORE
Keyword(s):  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Population Subdivision ◽  
Analysis Of Molecular Variance ◽  
Molecular Variance ◽  
Symbiont Transmission ◽  
High Level ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

Genetic diversity in symbionts of the lichen Cladonia arbuscula was investigated. Forty-eight specimens of Cladonia arbuscula located within a 2 km range at Payuk Lake in Manitoba were collected. Population structure and method of symbiont transmission in C. arbuscula were inferred by examining the presence or absence of introns in the nuclear small subunit (SSU) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of the mycobiont and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA in the photobiont. The mycobiont showed a high level of genetic variation and the photobiont a low level of variation within the small geographic range studied. An analysis of molecular variance of fungal genotypes showed significant population subdivision for the mycobiont when the data were analysed at P=0·05. No population subdivision was detected when P=0·001. The photobiont also showed no population subdivision. Photobiont genotypes did not correlate with mycobiont genotypes suggesting the symbionts were not transmitted together in the same propagule. Multiple fungal genotypes were also detected in C. arbuscula and possible explanations were discussed.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity in Populations of Phytophthora citricola Associated with Horticultural Crops in California

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (12) ◽  
pp. 1556-1563 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Bhat ◽  
G. T. Browne
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Aflp Data ◽  
Analysis Of Molecular Variance ◽  
Molecular Variance ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Phytophthora Citricola ◽  
High Level

California populations of the plant pathogen Phytophthora citricola were examined for amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), pathogenicity on almond, and sensitivity to mefenoxam. The characterizations of AFLP variation and mefenoxam sensitivity were based on 86 isolates (44 from almond, 11 from avocado, 3 from strawberry, 18 from walnut, and 10 from six other hosts). Cluster analysis of the AFLP data using the unweighted pair group method indicated a high level of genetic diversity among the isolates, and four main clusters were identified—one dominated by isolates from almond, another including all isolates from avocado, and two including isolates from several hosts other than avocado. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that 38.4 and 24.9% of the AFLP variation were associated with host and geographical factors, respectively. Of 24 isolates, including those from almond, avocado, strawberry, and walnut, 22 were aggressive on almond shoots; there was no evidence of host specificity. All but 1 of the 86 isolates grew at different rates on V8 juice medium amended with mefenoxam at 1 ppm, indicating partial tolerance to the fungicide. Isolates of P. citricola from California populations are genetically diverse, and much of the variation is associated with host and geography. These populations are all potentially pathogenic on almond and tolerant to mefenoxam.

scholarly journals Abundance, composition and natural infection of Anopheles mosquitoes from two malaria-endemic regions of Colombia

Biomédica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Montoya ◽  
Priscila Bascuñán ◽  
Julián Rodríguez-Zabala ◽  
Margarita M. Correa
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Anopheles Mosquitoes ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
Valle Del Cauca ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

Introducción. En Colombia hay tres especies de mosquitos Anopheles implicadas como vectores primarios en la transmisión de la malaria o paludismo; sin embargo, el rol local de algunas especies de Anopheles aún debe determinarse.Objetivo. Determinar la abundancia, la composición y la infección natural de mosquitos anofelinos con Plasmodium spp. en dos regiones endémicas de malaria en Colombia.Materiales y métodos. Se recolectaron mosquitos del género Anopheles usando los métodos de recolección con cebo humano y en reposo en corrales de ganado vacuno, en nueve localidades de dos regiones endémicas para malaria en Colombia. Los especímenes se identificaron morfológicamente y se confirmaron por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) de los polimorfismos en la longitud de los fragmentos de restricción (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, RFLP) en el espaciador intergénico ribosómico nuclear 2 (Internal Transcribed Spacer, ITS-2) (PCR-RFLP-ITS2). Los especímenes se procesaron y analizaron mediante ELISA y PCR anidada basada en la subunidad pequeña del ARN ribosómico (small subunit ribosomal RNA, ssrRNA) para determinar la infección por Plasmodium.Resultados. Se recolectaron 1.963 mosquitos Anopheles correspondientes a nueve especies. Anopheles nuneztovari fue la especie predominante (53,5 %), seguida por A. darlingi (34,5 %), A. triannulatus s.l. (6 %) y por otras especies (≈5,9 %). Tres especies se encontraron naturalmente infectadas con Plasmodium spp.: A. darlingi, A. nuneztovari y A. triannulatus s.l.Conclusiones. La infección natural de A. darlingi y A. nuneztovari indica que estos vectores primarios siguen siendo actores principales en la transmisión de malaria en las localidades estudiadas de los departamentos del Valle del Cauca y Chocó. Además, el espécimen A. triannulatus s.l. infectado, recolectado en corrales de animales de la localidad estudiada en el departamento de Córdoba, indica que existe la necesidad de estudios futuros para establecer la importancia epidemiológica de esta especie dada su abundancia y comportamiento antropofílico oportunista.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity in natural populations of Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L. f.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liene Rocha Picanço Gomes ◽  
Maria Teresa Gomes Lopes ◽  
Jania Lilia da Silva Bentes ◽  
Willian Silva Barros ◽  
Pedro de Queiroz Costa Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Length Polymorphism ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Analysis Of Molecular Variance ◽  
Molecular Variance ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Mauritia Flexuosa ◽  
Geographical Distances ◽  
Traditional Communities

This study aimed to characterize the genetic diversity of buriti populations by AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) markers. The analysis was performed in four populations used by traditional communities in the state of Amazonia (Bom Jesus do Anamã, Lauro Sodré, Santa Luzia do Buiçuzinho, and Esperança II). From each population 30 plants were randomly selected. To obtain the markers four primer combinations were used. The percentage of polymorphic loci was estimated, the molecular variance among and within populations analyzed and a dendrogram constructed. The primers detected 339 polymorphic loci ranging from 81.1 % to 91.1 % among populations. Analysis of molecular variance attributed 77.18 % to variation within and 22.8 % to variation between populations. The dendrogram indicated the formation of two groups, showing that the populations of Bom Jesus do Anamã and Lauro Sodré are genetically most similar and thet the genetic and geographical distances are not correlated.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Mycobacterium bovis Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism DNA Probe pUCD and Performance Comparison with Standard Methods

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 3362-3369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rory O'Brien ◽  
Bret S. Danilowicz ◽  
Louise Bailey ◽  
Orla Flynn ◽  
Eamon Costello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Restriction Fragment ◽  
Length Polymorphism ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
High Level ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

In this study, the newly described Mycobacterium bovisrestriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) typing probe pUCD was characterized by sequence analysis and the previously observed polymorphic banding pattern was reproduced with a combination of three oligonucleotide probes in a single, mixed hybridization. In addition, the ability of pUCD to distinguish between 299 M. bovisisolates from the Republic of Ireland was assessed in relation to established methods and a statistical function for objective comparison of RFLP probes was derived. It was found that typing with pUCD alone produced greater discrimination between M. bovis isolates than typing with the commonly used mycobacterial DNA probes IS6110, PGRS, and DR and also by the spoligotyping technique. pUCD and DR in combination produced the highest level of discrimination while maintaining a high level of concordance with known epidemiological data relating to the samples. The reduction of pUCD to the level of oligonucleotides should in future allow pUCD and DR to be included together in a mixed hybridization, thus producing a high level of M. bovis strain type discrimination from a single round of RFLP analysis.

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