Terricolous lichens in the northern Namib Desert of Namibia: distribution and community composition

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. LALLEY ◽  
H. A. VILES
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Desert Ecosystem ◽  
Soil Crust ◽  
Namib Desert ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Terricolous Lichens ◽  
Crust Type

Terricolous lichens are the dominant vegetation in expansive areas of the Namib Desert, where fog is the main source of moisture and other vegetation is scarce. They play several important roles in soil crust stabilization and in the primary production of the Namib Desert ecosystem, yet little is known about the diversity and distribution of lichens in the northern unexplored regions of the Namib. To our knowledge, this study is the first survey of terricolous lichens to be carried out in the northern Namib Desert. Seven soil crust habitat types were identified in the study area, and a total of twenty-eight soil crust lichen species was recorded. The survey uncovered lichen species that may be unique to the northern Namib, including vagrant species, and common species were frequently found in a vagrant form. The crustose group was the most widely represented. Overall community compositions differed from those found in other regions of the Namib, and distribution patterns suggest a link to gravel clast size and physical soil crust type.

Distribution of moss-inhabiting diatoms along an altitudinal gradient at sub-Antarctic Îles Kerguelen

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niek J.M. Gremmen ◽  
Bart van de Vijver ◽  
Yves Frenot ◽  
Marc Lebouvier
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Diatom Species ◽  
Expected Species Richness

Altitudinal gradients provide excellent opportunities to study relationships between species distribution and climatic variables. We studied the species composition of 39 samples of moss-inhabiting diatoms, collected at 50 m intervals from 100–650 m above sea level. The samples contained a total of 130 diatom species, of which 51 occurred in 10 or more samples. Altitude appeared to be the most important variable explaining variation in species composition. Of the 51 common species, 33 showed a significant relationship with altitude. Although the majority of the latter declined with increasing altitude, for nine species the probability of occurrence first increased with increasing elevation, but decreased again at higher altitudes, and four species increased systematically with elevation. As a result, expected species richness per sample decreased from an estimated 43 at 100 m to 25 species per sample at 650 m. Diatom distribution patterns proved to be suitable predictors of the altitudinal position of sample sites. Cross-validation yielded a strong relationship between predicted and observed altitudes.

Habitat filtering of six coexisting Heliconia species in a lowland tropical rain forest in Amazonian Ecuador

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth L. Tokarz ◽  
Pablo Álvia ◽  
Renato Valencia ◽  
Simon A. Queenborough
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
National Park ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Habitat Filtering ◽  
Yasuni National Park ◽  
Amazonian Ecuador ◽  
Amazonian Rain Forest ◽  
Random Manner ◽  
Occurrence Pattern

AbstractHerbaceous plants are often under-studied in tropical forests, despite their high density and diversity, and little is known about the factors that influence their distribution at microscales. In a 25-ha plot in lowland Amazonian rain forest in Yasuní National Park, Ecuador, we censused six species of Heliconia (Heliconiaceae) in a stratified random manner across three topographic habitat types. We observed distribution patterns consistent with habitat filtering. Overall, more individuals occurred in the valley (N = 979) and slope (N = 847) compared with the ridge (N = 571) habitat. At the species level, Heliconia stricta (N = 1135), H. spathocircinata (N = 309) and H. ortotricha (N = 36) all had higher abundance in the valley and slope than ridge. Further, H. vellerigera (N = 20) was completely absent from the ridge. Conversely, H. velutina (N = 903) was most common in the drier ridge habitat. The two most common species (H. stricta and H. velutina) had a reciprocal or negative co-occurrence pattern and occurred preferentially in valley versus ridge habitats. These results suggest that taxa within this family have different adaptations to the wetter valley versus the drier ridge and that habitat partitioning contributes to coexistence.

Relationships of Phytoplankton Biomass with Soluble Nutrients, Primary Production, and Chlorophyll a in Lake Erie, 1970

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Munawar ◽  
N. M. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Phytoplankton Biomass ◽  
Lake Erie ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Statistical Procedure ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Average Distribution ◽  
Reactive Phosphorus

Comparison of the annual average distribution patterns of phytoplankton biomass, chlorophyll a, primary production, soluble reactive phosphorus, nitrate + nitrite, and ammonia concentrations revealed that these six variables had very similar distributions in Lake Erie during 1970. However, statistical analysis of the data only revealed a few consistent relationships between these variables. The phytoplankton biomass was correlated with chlorophyll a only in the summer and fall as was primary production with chlorophyll a and biomass. There was no correlation between these three variables during the spring. Also, there was no consistent relationship between biomass and soluble nutrients. The primary production and activity coefficient (mg Cassimilated per milligram phytoplankton biomass per day) were found to be unrelated to temperature. The statistical procedure of factor analysis showed that in the spring, primary production correlated with the phosphorus and nitrogen soluble nutrients only, whereas during summer, primary production correlated with biomass, chlorophyll a, the major plankton groups (Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Chrysomonadinae, and Diatomeae), and the phosphorus nutrients. In the fall, production was positively correlated with phytoplankton biomass and with the Chlorophyta in particular. The use of chlorophyll a and temperature as variables in the equation to estimate phytoplankton growth in Lake Erie was found to be questionable.

Distribution of Grass Species and Attributes of Grasses Near a Bore Drain in a Grazed Semi-arid Subtropical Grassland

1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 919 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Rogers ◽  
C. Stride
Keyword(s):  
Introduced Species ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Selection Of

The distribution of grass species and a selection of attributes of those species were related to distance from water in an otherwise natural, sheep-grazed, semi-arid, subtropical grassland at Glencoban Station near Cunnamulla in south-western Queensland, Australia. Twenty common species could be classified as decreaser, increaser or neutral with respect to stocking pressure based on distribution patterns with respect to distance from water. No species known to be introduced to Australia were present. The occurrence of a diversity of vegetative and diaspore attributes and carbon assimilation pathways were also shown to be related to stocking pressure. The attributes studied showed autocorrelation in two groups, which related to the higher level taxonomy of the grasses and to response to stocking. Chloridoid grasses increase and andropogonoid grasses decrease under high stocking pressure. In this grassland, which has no introduced species, a syndrome of stocking-related attributes can be discerned.

scholarly journals Effects of some terricolous lichens [Cladonia rangiformis Hoffm., Peltigera neckerii Hepp ex Müll. Arg., Peltigera rufescens (Weiss) Humb.] on soil bacteria in natural conditions

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 154-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.U. Akpinar ◽  
S. Ozturk ◽  
M. Sinirtas
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Inhibition Effect ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Terricolous Lichens ◽  
Terricolous Lichen ◽  
Peltigera Rufescens

This paper is aimed to investigate the effects of some terricolous lichens on soil bacteria’s growth in natural conditions. It is focused on species of bacteria and also on numbers of colony of soil specimens that were taken from substrates of three different terricolous lichen species. <I>Peltigera rufescens</I> (Weiss) Humb., which has not secondary metabolites, did not show an inhibition effect on soil bacteria. However, <I>Peltigera neckerii</I> Hepp ex Müll. Arg., which has secondary metabolites, has a negative effect on soil bacteria’s growth. Besides, it was observed that<I> Cladonia rangiformis</I> Hoffm., which has many kinds of secondary metabolites, has the highest inhibition effect among the studied species. For this reason, we think that in the next researches, it is convenient to investigate elaborately by soil analysis the effect of lichen’s secondary metabolites that have an effect on soil mineralization, on soil bacteria’s growth.

Corrigendum to: Distribution and relative abundance of forest duikers in Dassioko Sud Forest Reserve (coastal Côte d'Ivoire)

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
K. A. Yao ◽  
E. A. Bitty ◽  
K. B. Kassé ◽  
Y. C. Kouakou ◽  
K. H. Yaokokoré-Beibro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Encounter Rate ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Encounter Rates

Context Duikers play a vital role in maintaining forest ecosystems, as both seed dispersers and prey. In West Africa, duikers are also an important source of food and income; however, it is likely that some species are now being hunted at unsustainable levels. So as to contribute to duiker conservation, we used line-transect data and additional information on dung and track counts to estimate relative abundance and establish distribution patterns of forest duikers in Côte d'Ivoire's Dassioko Sud Forest Reserve (DSFR), a poorly known, remnant coastal rainforest. We also collected basic information on hunting pressure. Methods Forest duiker counts were made twice per month from July 2013 to March 2014 on six line transects of varying lengths (5.6–6.7km) and in different regions of the DSFR, representing different habitat types. The number of sightings per kilometre walked, defined as ‘encounter rate', was used to compute an index of relative abundance. We recorded all evidence of poachers and used these data to generate a poaching index (# poaching signs per kilometre) for different habitat types. Key results The DSFR has lost three of seven total forest duiker species and populations of the four remaining species are declining. Encounter rates were greatest for Philantomba maxwellii (0.46 indices km–1) and accounted for 68% of total encounters. Cephalophus niger, C. dorsalis and C. silvicultor were encountered at similar (0.07 indices km–1) but much lower rates. For all species, mean encounter rates were highest in degraded forest (0.38–0.73 indices km–1), followed by secondary (0.2–0.44 indices km–1) and primary (0.19–0.44 indices km–1) forest. Conclusions Of the four forest duiker species still present in the DSFR, the black, bay and yellow-backed duikers are the most affected by anthropogenic pressures. Duiker abundance in the DSFR varies with habitat type. This variation is apparently influenced by differences in forest structure, poaching pressure and proximity to villages. Implications The study provides baseline data for future managing of ungulate populations in the DSFR. We recommend that a biomonitoring study of duiker populations be initiated immediately to help determine population trends, investigate habitat preferences, and help curb illegal hunting activities in this important forest reserve.

The elevation gradient of lichen species richness in Nepal

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chitra Bahadur BANIYA ◽  
Torstein SOLHØY ◽  
Yngvar GAUSLAA ◽  
Michael W. PALMER
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Elevation Gradients ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

AbstractThis study of elevation gradients of lichen species richness in Nepal aimed to compare distribution patterns of different life-forms, substratum affinities, photobiont types, and Nepalese endemism. Distribution patterns of lichens were compared with elevational patterns shown by a wide range of taxonomic groups of plants along the Nepalese Himalayan elevational gradient between 200–7400m. We used published data on the elevation records of 525 Nepalese lichen species to interpolate presence between the maximum and minimum recorded elevations, thereby giving estimates of lichen species richness at each 100-m elevational band. The observed patterns were compared with previously published patterns for other taxonomic groups. The total number of lichens as well as the number of endemic species (55 spp.) showed humped relationships with elevation. Their highest richness was observed between 3100–3400 and 4000–4100m, respectively. Almost 33% of the total lichens and 53% of the endemic species occurred above the treeline (>4300m). Non-endemic richness had the same response as the total richness. All growth forms showed a unimodal relationship of richness with elevation, with crustose lichens having a peak at higher elevations (4100–4200m) than fruticose and foliose lichens. Algal and cyanobacterial lichen richness, as well as corticolous lichen richness, all exhibited unimodal patterns, whereas saxicolous and terricolous lichen richness exhibited slightly bimodal relationships with elevation. The highest lichen richness at mid altitudes concurred with the highest diversity of ecological niches in terms of spatial heterogeneity in rainfall, temperature, cloud formation, as well as high phorophyte abundance and diversity implying large variation in bark roughness, moisture retention capacity, and pH. The slightly bimodal distributions of saxicolous and terricolous lichens were depressed at the elevational maximum of corticolous lichens.

Mapping and analysis of distribution patterns of lichens on rural medieval churches in north-eastern Germany

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Weber ◽  
Burkhard Büdel
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Habitat Factors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Detailed Statistical Analysis ◽  
Stone Walls ◽  
Important Habitat

AbstractLichen communities were examined on 62 churches in Mecklenburg–Vorpommern, Germany. Ninety-six lichen species and subspecies, and three species of lichenicolous fungi identified. Tylothallia biformigera and Lecanora campestris subsp. dolomitica are reported as new Germany, and another 20 species are considered as threatened. This implies that the stone walls churches represent an extremely important habitat in Mecklenburg–Vorpommern, where natural outcrops are rare. The distribution of lichen species was analyzed quantitatively in relation to several habitat factors. Aspect, substratum and inclination were found to be important factors for 35, 34 31 species, respectively. The height of the relevé was a significant factor for many species. Twenty-three species, which are described in the literature with oceanic to suboceanic distributions, occur significantly more frequently near the coast. The ways in which microclimate affects each these habitat factors and contributes to the presence or absence of a species or group of species discussed. Some species have narrow and specific habitat demands, whereas others thrive under wide range of environmental conditions. The advantages of a strictly schematic approach with detailed statistical analysis are discussed.

scholarly journals Gastropods In Mangrove Forest Of Tongkeina Village, Bunaken Sub-District, City Of Manado

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dewanti Y Talumingan ◽  
Ferdinand F. Tilaar ◽  
Jety K. Rangan ◽  
Maartinus M Baroleh ◽  
Victor N. R. Watung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Long Line ◽  
Made In

This research aims to determine the types or species of gastropod and its distribution in mangrove forests in Tongkeina village and to know the species of mangrove in Tongkeina village. The Research was conducted on one sampling point with one 100 meters long line transect which was is laid perpendicular to the outer direction of the mangrove.  To collect gastropod samples, three quadrates with a size of 10x10meters with a distance between the quadrate 5 meters were made. In the quadrate, 15 subquadrates sized 1x1meters were also made. Based on the results, there were 6 species of gastropods and two distribution patterns of i.e., Cluster the species of the Littoraria scabra, Angustassiminea castanea, Terebralia sulcate. The uniform distribution pattern is Ischinocerithium rostratum, Caliostoma jujubinum, and Nerita senegalensis. There are ten mangrove species found and  the most common species is Soneratia alba with a total of 27 individuals.Keywords: Gastropods, forest, Mangrove, Tongkeina village ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Jenis-jenis gastropoda serta persebaran pada hutan mangrove di Kelurahan Tongkeina dan untuk mengetahui Jenis-jenis mangrove di Kelurahan Tongkeina. Penelitian hanya di lakukan satu titik pengambilan sampel dimana dibuat 1 line transek dengan Panjang 100meter yang di tarik tegak lurus dari arah terluar mangrove kemudian dibuat 3 kuadrat dengan ukuran 10x10meter dengan jarak antara kuadrat 5 meter, dan di dalam kuadrat dibuat 15 subkuadrat berukuran 1x1 meter. Berdasarkan penelitian hasil ditemukan ada 6 spesies gastopoda dan dua pola persebaran Gastropoda yaitu mengelompok dan seragam, spesies mengelompok yaitu Littoraria scabra, Angustassiminea castanea, Terebralia sulcate. Pola persebaran seragam yaitu Ischinocerithium rostratum, Caliostoma jujubinum, Nerita senegalensis. Mangrove ditemukan 10 Spesies yang terbanyak adalah Soneratia alba dengan jumlah 27 individu.Kata kunci: Gastropoda, Hutan, Mangrove, Kelurahan Tongkeina.

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