scholarly journals The size of a major epidemic of a vector-borne disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (A) ◽  
pp. 235-247
Author(s):  
Daryl J. Daley ◽  
Randall J. Swift
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Population Parameters ◽  
Basic Reproduction Ratio ◽  
Total Size ◽  
Reproduction Ratio ◽  
Vector Borne Disease ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Transmission Of Disease

Based on a simple model due to Dietz, it is shown that the size of a major epidemic of a vector-borne disease with basic reproduction ratio R 0>1 is dominated by the size of a standard SIR (susceptible–infected–removed) epidemic with direct host-to-host transmission of disease and the same R 0. Further bounds and numerical illustrations are provided, broadly spanning situations where the size of the epidemic is short of infecting almost all those susceptible. The total size is moderately sensitive to changes in the population parameters that contribute to R 0, so that the fluctuating behaviour in ‘annual’ epidemics is not surprising.

scholarly journals The size of a major epidemic of a vector-borne disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (A) ◽  
pp. 235-247
Author(s):  
Daryl J. Daley ◽  
Randall J. Swift
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Population Parameters ◽  
Basic Reproduction Ratio ◽  
Total Size ◽  
Reproduction Ratio ◽  
Vector Borne Disease ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Transmission Of Disease

Based on a simple model due to Dietz, it is shown that the size of a major epidemic of a vector-borne disease with basic reproduction ratio R0>1 is dominated by the size of a standard SIR (susceptible–infected–removed) epidemic with direct host-to-host transmission of disease and the same R0. Further bounds and numerical illustrations are provided, broadly spanning situations where the size of the epidemic is short of infecting almost all those susceptible. The total size is moderately sensitive to changes in the population parameters that contribute to R0, so that the fluctuating behaviour in ‘annual’ epidemics is not surprising.

Modelling the Dynamics of Leishmaniasis Considering Human, Animal Host and Vector Populations

1998 ◽  
Vol 06 (04) ◽  
pp. 337-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo N. Burattini ◽  
Francisco A. B. Coutinho ◽  
Luis F. Lopez ◽  
Eduardo Massad
Keyword(s):  
Human Population ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Basic Reproduction Ratio ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Animal Reservoir ◽  
Reproduction Ratio ◽  
Extrinsic Incubation Period ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Human Animal

Some of the vector-borne infections with public health importance involve an animal reservoir. This work describes, through a compartimental model, the dynamics of leishmaniasis considering the interactions between the three populations involved, namely the sandfly, the domestic dog (as the principal intermediate host), and the human population. An expression for the Basic Reproduction Ratio (R0), which takes into account the time delay representing the extrinsic incubation period of the parasite in the vector, is presented. Numerical simulation, equilibrium and stability analysis provided insights into the transmission dynamics of the infection that can help in the design of control strategies.

Casual gaming as a means to raise awareness of vector-borne disease risks

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomás Francisco Yago Vincente ◽  
Brian Mullen ◽  
Thomas N. Mather ◽  
Jean-Yves Herve
Keyword(s):  
Vector Borne Disease ◽  
Disease Risks ◽  
Vector Borne

Medically Important Vector Borne Disease Control-Botanical Plant Extract Trials

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 513
Author(s):  
Rakhshan .
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Vector Borne Disease ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
High Level ◽  
Continuous Use ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

Mosquitoes are vectors of many pathogens which causes serious human diseases like Malaria, Filariasis, Japanese encephalitis, Dengue fever, Chikungunya, Yellow fever and Zika virus which constitute a major public health problem globally. Mosquito borne diseases cause high level of economic impact all over the world and result in millions of death every year. They infect around 700,000,000 people annually worldwide and 40,000,000 only in India. The continuous use of synthetic pesticides to control vector mosquitoes has caused physiological resistance, toxic effect on human health, environmental pollution and addition to these, its adverse effects can be observed on non-target organisms. Synthetic chemical pesticides have been proved to be effective, but overall in last 5 decades indiscriminate use of synthetic pesticides against vector borne disease control have originated several ecological issues due to their residual accumulation and development of resistance in target vectors and their chronic effects.

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever - the emerging vector-borne disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Kostro ◽  
Dorota Luft-Deptuła ◽  
Zdzisław Gliński
Keyword(s):  
Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Vector Borne Disease ◽  
Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Vector Borne

scholarly journals Clinical and laboratory profiles of visceral leishmaniasis among adult patients admitted to Felege Hiwot Hospital, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212110367
Author(s):  
Berhanu Tarekegn ◽  
Ayanaw Tamene
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Timely Initiation ◽  
Vector Borne Disease ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Endemic Areas

Background: Visceral leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease caused by Leishmania donovani transmitted by sand fly species. It is the third most common vector-borne disease globally. Visceral leishmaniasis is endemic in Ethiopia with an estimated annual incidence ranging from 3700 to 7400 cases. This research aimed to assess the clinical presentations and laboratory profiles of visceral leishmaniasis for early diagnosis and timely initiation of management. Objective: To describe the clinical and laboratory manifestation and diagnostic modalities of visceral leishmaniasis among adult patients admitted to Felege Hiwot Hospital, from 1 September 2016 to 30 August 2019. Method: Institution-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 141 patients admitted to Felege Hiwot Hospital from 1 September 2016 to 30 August 2019. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the clinical presentation and laboratory profiles of patients with visceral leishmaniasis. Results: Among a total of 141 enrolled patients in the study, males were affected 13-fold. Most of them were travelers to endemic areas during the winter season for labor work. The mean duration of illness was 48 days. Common symptoms were fever (96.5%), weightless (82.5%), jaundice (18.4%), vomiting/diarrhea (13.5%), and bleeding episodes (11.3%). Splenomegaly was seen in 98.6%, ascites in 35.5%, and lymphadenopathy in 9.9%. Lymphadenopathy was seen significantly in HIV patients (40%). Anemia was seen in 95%, thrombocytopenia in 90.2%, leukopenia in 86.4%, and pancytopenia in 79.4%. Half of the patients had coinfection. Neutropenic sepsis was seen in 21.3%. The diagnosis was made by tissue aspiration in 65% of patients. Conclusion: The majority of patients who were diagnosed to have visceral leishmaniasis were young male adults who traveled to the endemic areas seasonally. Fever and splenomegaly were seen as the commonest clinical presentation. Lymphadenopathy occurred in high frequency among HIV co-infected patients. Anemia was the commonest hematologic finding.

scholarly journals Mathematical analysis of a within-host model of SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhagya Jyoti Nath ◽  
Kaushik Dehingia ◽  
Vishnu Narayan Mishra ◽  
Yu-Ming Chu ◽  
Hemanta Kumar Sarmah
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Basic Reproduction Number ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Basic Reproduction Ratio ◽  
Viral Kinetics ◽  
Reproduction Ratio ◽  
Biological Implication ◽  
Infection Models ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
The Basic Reproduction Number

AbstractIn this paper, we have mathematically analyzed a within-host model of SARS-CoV-2 which is used by Li et al. in the paper “The within-host viral kinetics of SARS-CoV-2” published in (Math. Biosci. Eng. 17(4):2853–2861, 2020). Important properties of the model, like nonnegativity of solutions and their boundedness, are established. Also, we have calculated the basic reproduction number which is an important parameter in the infection models. From stability analysis of the model, it is found that stability of the biologically feasible steady states are determined by the basic reproduction number $(\chi _{0})$ ( χ 0 ) . Numerical simulations are done in order to substantiate analytical results. A biological implication from this study is that a COVID-19 patient with less than one basic reproduction ratio can automatically recover from the infection.

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