Spacing and harvest date experiments with Maris Peer potatoes

1972 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Tuber Initiation ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Acceptable Quality ◽  
Small Seed

SUMMARYIn two experiments with potatoes the effects of plant population (from 13 to 59 stems/m2 in 1969 and 18–111 stems/m2 in 1970) and harvest date (from mid-June till late August/early September) on the yields of tubers and particularly those of canningsize (2–4 cm) were studied in the cv. Maris Peer.Yields of canning-sized tubers increased linearly with increases in the number of mainstems over the range 13–64 stems/m2. The response was similar for harvests made at different stages of growth except for the period of 2–3 weeks after tuber initiation when the effect of plant population on yields was small. For crops grown at low plant populations yields of canning-sized tubers rose to a maximum early in the season and then declined with further growth of the crop. Progressive increases in plant population resulted in maximum yields at progressively later stages in the growth of the crop. The period over which it would have been possible to harvest crops having an acceptable quality and each giving their maximum yield was 4–6 weeks in 1969 and 3–4 weeks in 1970.There was no effect of seed tuber size per se on total tuber yields or yields of tubers in size grades. In both years at least twice the weight of large (over 66 g) as opposed to small seed (22 and 27 g) was required to establish the same stem population/m2. The production and use of small seed suitable for canning potato production is discussed.

Yield and Yield Contributing Attributes Of Potato as Influenced by Vermicompost And Seed Tuber Size

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
M Mostofa ◽  
TS Roy ◽  
R Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Tuber Size ◽  
Factor B ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Plot Design

Low yield is crucial bottleneck for potato production in Bangladesh. The application of vermicompost may enhance the yield of potato. The experiment was consisted of two factors, i.e., Factor A: - Vermicompost level (Vm1-4): Vm1: 0 t ha-1, Vm2: 3 t ha-1, Vm3: 6 t ha-1 and Vm4: 9 t ha-1; Factor B:- Tuber size (T1-5): T1: 5-10 g, T2: 10-20 g, T3: 20-30 g, T4: 30-40 g and T5: > 40 g. The experiment was conducted in a split-plot design with three replications. Vermicompost had significant effect on most of the yield contributing parameters investigated under present study. Results revealed that yield parameters increased with increasing vermicompost level irrespective of tuber size. Among the twenty (20) treatment combinations, vermicompost at the rate of 9 t ha-1 with tuber size > 40 g produced the maximum yield (31.33 t ha-1) that was 53.53 % higher than that of control with 3273.01 $ of monetary advantage. Therefore, present study suggests that potato growers may use vermicompost for increasing yield of potato in Bangladesh. SAARC J. Agric., 19(1): 71-79 (2021)

Yield-density relationships and optimum plant populations in two cultivars of solid-seeded dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown in Saskatchewan

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Shirtliffe ◽  
Adrian M. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Seeding Density ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Density Relationship

There is relatively little agronomic information on solid-seeded production of dry bean in western Canada. Recommended seeding density for dry bean can depend on the growth habit of the plant, the yield–density relationship, percent emergence, seed cost and environment. The objective of this study was to determine the yield–density relationships in two determinate bush type cultivars of dry bean and the optimum plant population under solid-seeded production in Saskatchewan. CDC Camino, a late-season pinto bean and CDC Expresso, a medium-season-length black bean were the cultivars evaluated. In most sites, the yield-density relationship of the cultivars was asymptotic and an optimum plant density for maximum yield could not be determined. Camino generally required a lower plant population to reach a given yield than Expresso. Increasing plant population did not affect 1000-seed weight. Higher seeding rate did result in a greater number of seeds produced m-2, with Expresso having a greater increase in seed produced m-2 compared with Camino. Expresso was required to be at higher plant densities than Camino to maximize economic returns. This reflects the differences between cultivars in yield-density relationship and seed cost, as Camino has a heavier 1000-seed weight than Expresso. Saskatchewan bean growers wishing to maximize profit should target plant populations for Expresso and Camino of approximately 50 and 25 plants m-2, respectively. Key words: Saskatchewan, yield components, non-linear regression, seeding rate, narrow rows, solid-seeded

Studies on mixtures of maize and beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) with particular reference to plant population

1972 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Willey ◽  
D. S. O. Osiru
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Nitrogen Transfer ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Intensive Farming ◽  
Optimum Proportion ◽  
High Level

SUMMARYTwo experiments are described in which the possible yield benefits of mixing maize and beans were examined under intensive farming conditions. A ‘replacement series’ of pure maize, two-thirds maize/one-third beans, one-third maize/two-thirds beans and pure beans was used at four plant populations. A high level of nitrogen was applied on the maize to eliminate the effects of nitrogen transfer from the beans.Yields of the mixtures were up to 38% higher than could be achieved by growing the crops separately. It is concluded that this occurred because the mixtures achieved a greater utilization of environmental resources; it is suggested that, because of the marked height differences of the two crops, an increased utilization of light was probably a major contributing factor. The need for high populations in mixtures is indicated, partly because the largest yield increases were achieved at high populations and partly because the mixtures required a higher population pressure to produce their maximum yield.The maize was found to have the higher relative competitive ability, and this increased with increase in plant population pressure. It is suggested that this was probably due to the shading effect which the maize had on the beans. The effects of a change in relative competitive abilities, or in relative selling prices, on the optimum proportion of two species in a mixture are also considered.

An evaluation of small seed for ware-potato production

1992 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Allen ◽  
P. J. O'Brien ◽  
D. Firman
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Seed Tubers ◽  
Small Seed ◽  
Seed Crops

SUMMARYSixteen experiments over six seasons (1981–87) compared the growth and yield of up to 16 seed-tuber weights, ranging from 1–5 to 110–120 g, in one second-early and four maincrop varieties. Four of the experiments (1986–87) examined effects in seed tubers from seed crops planted in July; the remaining experiments used seed from crops planted at the normal time, April–May. Effects were similar for seed from the different planting dates. Plants from seed < 5 g (and occasionally up to 15 g) emerged slightly later and produced a smaller crop canopy that those from larger seed. The later emergence from the smallest seed was a consequence of a slower rate of sprout elongation. There were no effects of seed weight above 15 g on stem emergence or growth of the canopy. In 1982, a severe frost completely defoliated all plants in four experiments but within 2 weeks complete plant emergence was re-achieved from all seed weights except the smallest (1–5 g). The results suggest few differences between seed weights > 5 or 10 g in emergence from similar depths of planting or in recovery from frost damage.Tuber yields were little affected by seed weight > 5 or 10 g, even at constant within-row spacings. Consequently, seed rates from 0·59 to 5·4 t/ha produced similar yields and the results suggest considerable economic benefits and potential for using seed tubers of much smaller weight than may be sold under current legislation. The use of small seed tubers from late-planted crops may result in further economies in production costs and reduction in disease in seed tubers.

scholarly journals Plant Population Affects Pumpkin Yield Components

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent E. Cushman ◽  
Thomas E. Horgan ◽  
David H. Nagel ◽  
Patrick D. Gerard
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Wholesale Market ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Quadratic Relationship

Pumpkins (Cucurbita pepo, C. moshata) were grown in northern Mississippi during 2000 and 2001 for the purpose of more narrowly defining plant population recommendations for commercial production in the humid southeastern United States. Four plant populations were examined for `Aspen': 908, 1361, 2045, and 3068 plants/acre (2244, 3363, 5053, and 7581 plants/ha, respectively) and for `Howden Biggie': 605, 908, 1361, and 2045 plants/acre (1495, 2244, 3363, 5053 plants/ha, respectively). Plant populations were adjusted by varying in-row spacing while holding between-row spacing constant at 8 ft (2.4 m). Plant population significantly affected yield of `Aspen' and `Howden Biggie'. Linear and quadratic terms were significant for `Aspen', with maximum yield (ton/acre and fruit/acre) for the quadratic relationship occurring at about 2045 plants/acre. In contrast, yield of `Howden Biggie' decreased significantly (ton/acre) and nonsignificantly (fruit/acre) in a linear relationship as plant population increased from 605 to 2045 plants/acre. Plant population significantly affected fruit weight and size. As plant population increased, weight and size decreased slightly but significantly in a linear relationship for `Aspen' (lb/fruit and inch3/fruit) and `Howden Biggie' (lb/fruit). The quadratic relationship for `Howden Biggie' (inch3/fruit) was significant and the minimum value occurred at about 1361 plants/acre. Plant population significantly affected pumpkin yield components associated with plant productivity. As plant population increased, number and weight of fruit per plant decreased sharply in a quadratic relationship for `Aspen' (lb/ plant and fruit/plant) and `Howden Biggie' (lb/plant). The linear relationship for `Howden Biggie' (fruit/ plant) also decreased significantly. At the highest plant populations for `Howden Biggie', 40% of the plants did not produce marketable pumpkins. In conclusion, recommendations of optimum plant populations for a semi-vining cultivar such as `Aspen' should be centered on about 2045 plants/acre. Published recommendations from Kentucky appear sound, advocating plant populations within the range of 1360 to 2720 plants/acre (3361 to 6721 plants/ha). For a vining cultivar such as `Howden Biggie', recommendations can be as low as 605 plants/acre. Published recommendations from Kentucky and Georgia, along with those published in the Vegetable Crop Guidelines for the Southeastern U.S., advocate plant populations for vining cultivars of approximately 725 to 1465 plants/acre (1790–3620 plants/ha). Our results with `Howden Biggie', a cultivar that produces larger pumpkins than most other vining cultivars grown for the wholesale market, indicate that producers of vining cultivars should use plant populations from the lowest values of these recommendations or use even lower values. Our results also indicate that growers can control size and weight of pumpkins by varying plant population, with increasing populations resulting in a slight decrease of size and weight.

scholarly journals Variable-rate in corn sowing for maximizing grain yield

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eder Eujácio da Silva ◽  
Fábio Henrique Rojo Baio ◽  
Daniel Fernando Kolling ◽  
Renato Schneider Júnior ◽  
Alex Rogers Aguiar Zanin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Seeding Density ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Soil Attributes

AbstractSowing density is one of the most influential factors affecting corn yield. Here, we tested the hypothesis that, according to soil attributes, maximum corn productivity can be attained by varying the seed population. Specifically, our objectives were to identify the soil attributes that affect grain yield, in order to generate a model to define the optimum sowing rate as a function of the attributes identified, and determine which vegetative growth indices can be used to predict yield most accurately. The experiment was conducted in Chapadão do Céu-GO in 2018 and 2019 at two different locations. Corn was sown as the second crop after the soybean harvest. The hybrids used were AG 8700 PRO3 and FS 401 PW, which have similar characteristics and an average 135-day cropping cycle. Tested sowing rates were 50, 55, 60, and 65 thousand seeds ha−1. Soil attributes evaluated included pH, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, organic matter, clay content, cation exchange capacity, and base saturation. Additionally, we measured the correlation between the different vegetative growth indices and yield. Linear correlations were obtained through Pearson’s correlation network, followed by path analysis for the selection of cause and effect variables, which formed the decision trees to estimate yield and seeding density. Magnesium and apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) were the most important soil attributes for determining sowing density. Thus, the plant population should be 56,000 plants ha−1 to attain maximum yield at ECa values > 7.44 mS m−1. In addition, the plant population should be 64,800 plants ha−1 at values < 7.44 mS m−1 when magnesium levels are greater than 0.13 g kg−1, and 57,210 plants ha−1 when magnesium content is lower. Trial validation showed that the decision tree effectively predicted optimum plant population under the local experimental conditions, where yield did not significantly differ among populations.

Effects of Plant Population on Sole-crop Cassava in Sierra Leone

1978 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Godfrey-Sam-Aggrey
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Land Plant ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Sole Crop ◽  
Yield And Yield Components

SUMMARYEffects of plant population on mean yield and yield components of 2-year sole cassava crops were studied on Njala upland soils of Sierra Leone in two experiments. Increasing plant population of multi-shoot Cocoa cassava over 7000/ha decreased all the parameters studied except top/root weight ratio, which increased. The observed effects were attributed to competition for environmental resources, since area of land/plant unit decreased as plant population increased. The relations between plant populations and yields of fresh root and cortex dry matter were asymptotic, indicating that the respective yields were products of the vegetative phase of cropping.

scholarly journals Relative Contribution of Seed Tuber- and Soilborne Inoculum to Potato Disease Development and Changes in the Population Genetic Structure of Rhizoctonia solani AG 3-PT under Field Conditions in South Africa

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Muzhinji ◽  
James W. Woodhall ◽  
Mariette Truter ◽  
Jacquie E. van der Waals
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Tuber Initiation ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Potato Disease

Understanding the contribution of seed tuber- and soilborne inocula of Rhizoctonia solani AG 3-PT in causing potato disease epidemics is an important step in implementing effective management strategies for the pathogen. A 2-year study was conducted to evaluate the contribution of each source of inoculum using an integrative experimental approach combining field trials and molecular techniques. Two distinct sets of genetically marked isolates were used as seed tuberborne and soilborne inocula in a mark-release-recapture experiment. Disease assessments were done during tuber initiation and at tuber harvest. Both inoculum sources were found to be equally important in causing black scurf disease, whereas soilborne inocula appeared to be more important for root and stolon infection, and seedborne inocula contributed more to stem canker. However, seed tuber-transmitted genotypes accounted for 60% of the total recovered isolates when genotyped using three polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism markers. The changes in population structure of the experimental R. solani population over the course of the growing season and across two growing seasons were investigated using eight microsatellite markers. The populations at different sampling times were somewhat genetically differentiated, as indicated by Nei’s gene diversity (0.24 to 0.27) and the fixation index (FST). The proportion of isolates with genotypes that differed from the inoculants ranged from 13 to 16% in 2013 and 2014, respectively, suggesting the possibility of emergence of new genotypes in the field. Because both soilborne and tuberborne inocula are critical, it is important to ensure the use of pathogen-free seed tubers to eliminate seed tuberborne inoculum and the introduction of new genotypes of R. solani for sustainable potato production in South Africa.

scholarly journals Transplanting Hybrid Potato Seedlings at Increased Densities Enhances Tuber Yield and Shifts Tuber-Size Distributions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luuk C. M. van Dijk ◽  
Michiel E. de Vries ◽  
Willemien J. M. Lommen ◽  
Paul C. Struik
Keyword(s):  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
Very High ◽  
Ridge System

AbstractTo contribute to the development of a novel cropping system for potato grown from greenhouse-derived seedlings from hybrid true potato seeds, planting density trials were carried out under normal Dutch agronomic conditions. For two consecutive years, 5-week-old seedlings of two experimental genotypes were transplanted into farmers’ potato production fields at two contrasting locations: a flat-bed system on sandy soil and a traditional ridge system on clay soil. Planting densities were 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 plants/m2 in the flat-bed system, and 3.125, 4.688, 6.25, 12.5, 25 and 50 plants/m2 in the ridge system. In general, increasing planting density of hybrid seedlings per area decreased tuber fresh weight per plant and reduced the number of tubers per plant. On a per hectare basis, an increased planting density resulted in increased total tuber yield and number of tubers up to very high densities, but finally both parameters levelled off. Highest total tuber yields harvested were 107 and 45 Mg/ha for the flat-bed and ridge system, respectively. On flat-beds, the optimal planting density for total yield was 50 plants/m2. On ridges, planting density interacted with year and genotype, resulting in an optimum planting density of 25 plants/m2 to reach the maximum total yield. Obtained yields in the commercial size classes Baby Baker (20 < size class ≤ 35 mm) and Seed Tubers (28 < size class ≤ 50 mm) were in general very high on the flat-beds, with a maximum Seed Tuber yield of 64 Mg/ha at 50 plants/m2. The current study showed that transplanted hybrid seedlings are feasible alternatives for seed-tuber-grown systems for certain potato outlets.

EFFECT OF IRRIGATION REGIMES, PLANT POPULATION AND PHOSPHORUS LEVELS ON THE YIELD ATTRIBUTES AND YIELD OF SOYBEAN (Glycine max (L.) Merrill)

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-269
Author(s):  
K. Rajendran ◽  
A. C. Lourduraj
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Total Water Consumption ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Phosphorus Levels ◽  
Plot Design

Field experiments were conducted at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India during the summer (January – April) and kharif (June – September) seasons of 1994 and 1995 in a split plot design. The main plot consisted of three levels of irrigation, with irrigation water/cumulative pan evaporation (IW/CPE) ratios of 0.40, 0.60 and 0.80, and three levels of plant population (0.33, 0.44 and 0.66 million plants ha –1). The subplot treatments consisted of three levels of phosphorus (80, 100 and 120 kg P2O5 ha –1). The results revealed that irrigation at IW/CPE 0.80 with a plant population of 0.66 million plants ha –1 and a P level of 100 kg P2O5 ha –1 is promising in obtaining maximum yield in soybean. Under an irrigation regime of IW/CPE 0.80, the total water consumption varied from 450 to 533 mm, while it varied from 350 to 438 mm at IW/CPE 0.60 and from 250 to 393 mm at IW/CPE 0.40.

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