Response of snake cucumber (Cucumis melo var. pubescens) to some plant regulators

1982 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. El-Kholy ◽  
H. Hafez
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Female Flower ◽  
Sex Expression ◽  
Significant Suppression ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
Fruit Characters

SUMMARYTrials were conducted during the summer seasons (1978 and 1979) at the Faculty of Agriculture, Elminia University, to evaluate the effect of some growth regulators on sex expression, sex ratio and yield production of snake cucumber. The results obtained showed that both sex expression and ratio could be modified with plant regulator sprays even under the long and high temperature conditions of Elminia governorate. All plant regulators induced the formation of the first female flower at lower nodes compared with the control. There was significant suppression of male flowers in plants sprayed with plant regulators. All the treatments gave an increase in total yield and improved fruit characters.

scholarly journals The effect of growth regulators on sex expression in melon (Cucumis melo L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdenka Girek ◽  
Slaven Prodanovic ◽  
Jasmina Zdravkovic ◽  
Tomislav Zivanovic ◽  
Milan Ugrinovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Staminate Flower ◽  
Sex Expression ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
Cucumis Melo L ◽  
Perfect Flower

Seven traits related to flowering and sex expression in melon were studied and their reaction to application of two growth regulators (ethrel and gibberellic acid) was observed. Four monoecious genotypes (Sesame, ED-3, ED-4, Pobeditel) and four andromonoecious genotypes (Chinese muskmelon, Anannas, Fiata, A2-3lb) had been used for experiments. According to the results, ethrel had higher effects on the investigated traits than gibberellic acid. Ethrel increased the number of perfect flowers per plant for 7.18 (31.42%), reduced the number of male flowers per plant for 21.47 (17.98%), affected earlier appearance of the first pistillate/perfect flower for 3.68 days, and delayed the appearance of the first staminate flower for 16.07 days. Changes in the last two traits caused an extension of the period from the emergence of the first pistillate/perfect to the first staminate flower from 0.1 to 21.57 days, which represents the strongest effect of ethrel. Gibberellic acid had generally opposite effects on the studied traits.

REGULATION OF SEX EXPRESSION IN DESERT AND MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS OF AN ANDROMONOECIOUS PLANT (GAGEA CHLORANTHA, LILIACEAE)

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorne M. Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Sex Expression ◽  
Male Reproduction ◽  
Rainfall Gradient ◽  
Hermaphrodite Flower ◽  
Mediterranean Populations ◽  
Female Function ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Male Flowers

This study examined issues related to the ecology of andromonoecy in Gagea chlorantha (Liliaceae), a perennial geophyte that grows in desert and Mediterranean-type habitats in Israel. Andromonoecy is a plant sexual system where individuals produce both male and hermaphrodite flowers and is thought to have evolved to optimize resource allocation to male and female function. Individuals of this species produced 1–6 flowers, and flower production was significantly correlated with the size of the storage organ (bulb). Three sexual phenotypes were found to exist: those that made only male flowers, plants that made only hermaphrodite flowers, and those that produced both flower types. Two lines of evidence suggest that hermaphroditic reproduction is more costly than male reproduction: (1) hermaphroditic flowers were heavier than male flowers in terms of dry biomass; (2) bulb size was greater on single-flower plants that were hermaphrodite compared to male. In addition, bulb size was greater on multiple-flowered plants that made a hermaphrodite flower as the last flower, compared to those that made a male flower. The floral sex ratio varied extensively along a latitudinal rainfall gradient within Israel. The five Mediterranean populations were male-biased. In contrast, the production of males in the three Negev desert populations was extremely rare, and approximately 94% of the flowers were hermaphrodite. The difference in sex ratio between the two habitat types is explained in terms of environmental unpredictability.

scholarly journals Brassinosteriod-induced Femaleness in Cucumber and Relationship to Ethylene Production

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1763-1767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Papadopoulou ◽  
Rebecca Grumet
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Female Flower ◽  
Sex Expression ◽  
Bisexual Flower ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Total Female ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
Cucurbitaceae Family

The Cucurbitaceae family is noted for a diversity of sex expression phenotypes. Typically, a phase of male flowers precedes either female or bisexual flower production. Sex determination of individual flowers is regulated by a combination of genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors. Ethylene, auxins, and gibberellins have all been shown to influence flower sex expression in cucurbits. Ethylene, which promotes femaleness, plays a predominant role. In this study, we tested whether brassinosteroids (BR), a more recently identified class of plant hormones, also influences cucurbit sex expression. Applied epi-brassinolide (epi-BL) caused a significant decrease in time of appearance of the first female flower on monoecious cucumber plants, and increased total female flowers on the main stem. Increasing concentrations had a stronger effect. Of the three species tested, cucumber, melon and zucchini, cucumber was the most responsive to BR. Application of epi-BL also caused an increase in ethylene production by cucumber and zucchini seedlings, suggesting that the BR effect may be mediated by ethylene. To investigate the possible relationship between BR and ethylene on sex expression, we identified the concentration of ethephon (5 ppm) that caused an increase in ethylene production comparable to that induced by 10 μm epi-BL (approximately two-fold). Treatment with 5 ppm ethephon was sufficient to increase femaleness of cucumber plants, but not zucchini plants, suggesting that the difference in response to epi-BL treatment may reflect differences in sensitivity to ethylene. Collectively, our results indicate that application of brassinosteroids to cucumber cause earlier and increased female flower production, and that the effects may be mediated, at least in part, by brassinosteroid-induced production of ethylene.

scholarly journals Floração e morfologia floral de variedades de melancieira em Juazeiro-BA

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
P. M. Duarte ◽  
K. M. M. de Siqueira ◽  
N. C. da Silva ◽  
G. B. S. Silva ◽  
Í. L. S. Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Floral Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Female Flower ◽  
Floral Resources ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
Design For All ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
Female Flowers

<p>A melancieira apresenta comumente flores masculinas e femininas na mesma planta, necessitando assim dos serviços de polinização para a transferência dos grãos de pólen e consequente produção de frutos. A atratividade aos polinizadores está na dependência dos recursos florais oferecidos como recompensa durante as visitas, e como consequência a planta é beneficiada com a polinização. O objetivo desse trabalho foi registrar aspectos relevantes da floração incluindo a razão sexual e a descrição da morfologia floral de variedades de melancieira. As variedades demelancieira utilizadas foram, Congo, Elisa, Crimson super e Charleston super, em cultivo orgânico, com irrigação por gotejamento. Foram avaliados quatro tratamentos e quatro repetições, utilizando o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado. Para todas as variedades analisadas, foi registrada a emissão inicial de flores masculinas. Não foi registrada diferença significativa na emissão de flores femininas entre as variedades, porém para as flores masculinas a variedade Congo apresentou um maior número. Foi registrada diferença nas características da morfologia floral entre variedades e tipos florais em relação ao diâmetro e altura da flor. A presença de flores hermafroditas foi registrada com média de 1,45 (Crimson) a 0,15 flores por planta (Congo). A variedade Charleston apresentou a menor média de dias para a emissão da primeira flor feminina em relação a masculina (4,6±2,81) já a Congo apresentou a maior média (9,05±3,28). A menor razão sexual foi registrada para a variedade Elisa(1:13,32) e a maior para a Congo (1:24,05). Os menores períodos de floração foram registrados para as variedades Crimson e Elisa.</p><p> </p><p align="center"><strong><em>Flowering and floral morphology of watermelon varieties in Juazeiro-BA</em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract-</strong> The watermelon commonly presents male and female flowers on the same plant, thus requiring the pollination services for the transfer of pollen grains and consequent production of fruits. The attractiveness to pollinators is dependent on the floral resources offered as a reward during visits and as a result the plant benefits from pollination. The objective of this study was to record important aspects of flowering including sex ratio and the description of floral morphology of varieties of watermelon. The varieties of watermelon were used, Congo, Elisa, super super Crimson and Charleston in organic farming, drip irrigation. Four treatments and four repetitions were performed using a completely randomized design. For all varieties analyzed, it was registered the initial issue of male flowers. It did not record significant difference in the issue of female flowers between varieties, but the male flowers to the Congo variety presented more. There was recorded differences in the characteristics of morphology flower varieties and types in relation to the height and flower diameter. The presence of hermaphrodite flowers was recorded with an average of 1.45 (Crimson) 0.15 flowers per plant (Congo). The Charleston variety had the lowest average number of days to issue the first female flower compared to males (4.6 ± 2.81) since the Congo had the highest average (9.05 ± 3.28). The lowest sex ratio was recorded for the variety Elisa (1: 13.32) and the highest for the Congo (1: 24.05). The smallest flowering periods were recorded for the Crimson and Elisa varieties. </p>

scholarly journals Light Quality Effects on Flower Sex Expression in Cucumber and Spinach

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 464D-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary R. Bachman ◽  
Margaret J. McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Female Flower ◽  
Sex Expression ◽  
Internode Elongation ◽  
Dioecious Species ◽  
Spectral Filters ◽  
Male Flowers

Using spectral filters to reduce the amount of far-red (FR) light perceived by plants has been shown to effectively reduce internode elongation of many floriculture crops. It is theorized that gibberellin (GA) function is inhibited in some way by the increase in the red: far-red light ratio. Sex expression of flowers are effected by exogenous applications of gibberellin and cause a shift in flower sex expression towards maleness. The use of growth regulators (GA inhibitors) have demonstrated a shift towards femaleness. Flowering of spinach, a dioecious species, and cucumber (staminate and pistillate lines), a monoecious species, were surveyed for shifts in flower sex expression, indicating a suppression of GA. Male: female flower ratio decreased from 7.6:1 to 4.06:1 when comparing the controls and –FR for the staminate cucumber line and 1:13 to 1:40 for the gynecious cucumber line. The decrease in male flowers on plants grown in a –FR environment are an indication that the function of GA is inhibited. There was no significant effect on the male: female flower ratios of the spinach.

Ploidy and sex expression in monoecious hop (Humulus lupulus)

Botany ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (7) ◽  
pp. 617-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzana Skof ◽  
Andreja Cerenak ◽  
Jernej Jakse ◽  
Borut Bohanec ◽  
Branka Javornik
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Female Flower ◽  
Sex Expression ◽  
Unreduced Gametes ◽  
Humulus Lupulus ◽  
Dna Amount ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
Male Flowers

Humulus lupulus L. is a dioecious perennial plant, cultivated for its female inflorescences. Spontaneously arising monoecious hop plants, carrying male and female flower types on a specific plant, occasionally occur in the progeny of certain hop crosses. We assessed the ploidy of 58 monoecious plants, progenies of various crosses of diploid parents, to provide additional data on hop monoeciousy. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that a high percentage (41.4%) were triploid. An inheritance analysis of parental alleles using six codominant SSR markers demonstrated a primarily paternal origin (84.2%) of unreduced gametes as the cause of triploidy in monoecious plants. All triploids had predominantly male flowers with a few female cones; this phenotype was found only within this ploidy group. All other monoecious plants were diploid, except for one genotype with the highest nuclear DNA content, which showed an aneuploidic number of chromosomes (21). Male hops showed the lowest nuclear DNA amount, as measured by DAPI and propidium iodide fluorochromes. The estimated AT frequency placed hop among species with a high AT content, which was slightly higher in male than in female plants (63.0% vs. 62.5%). The results are discussed in relation to the occurance of ploidy and sex expression in monoecious hop.

scholarly journals Influence of plant growth regulators on vegetative growth, sex expression and yield of summer bottle gourd

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-590
Author(s):  
M Moniruzzaman ◽  
R Khatoon ◽  
M Moniruzzaman ◽  
AKM Qamruzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Female Flower ◽  
Sex Expression ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Bottle Gourd ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Flowers

Field experiments on bottle gourd variety ‘BARI Lau -4’ were conducted at the Plant Physiology field of Horticulture Research Center, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur during two consecutive summer seasons of 2015 and 2016 to investigate the effect of plant growth regulators on growth, sex expression, yield and yield components of the crop. The experiment consisted of different concentrations of Gibberellic acid (GA3), Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), Maleic hydrazide (MH) and single concentration of cycocel (CCC) viz., GA3 @ 10 ppm, GA3 @ 30 ppm, NAA @100 ppm, NAA @ 150 ppm, MH @ 50 ppm, MH @ 150 ppm and CCC @ 500 ppm along with distilled water considered as control. All growth regulators were sprayed to the seedlings at two-leaf stage and 4 days after the first spray. Growth regulator treatments had significant effect on primary branches/plant, node number of 1st male and female flower appearance, number of days to 1st male and female flower appearance, number of male and female flowers, sex ratio (male:female flower) number of fruits/plant, individual fruit weight and fruit yield. Spraying of MH @ 150 ppm gave the highest primary branches/plant (17.0 and 18.0 in first and 2nd year, respectively) and induced maximum female flowers (37.3 and 40.0 in first and 2nd year, respectively) at lower nodes followed by CCC @ 500 ppm (36.3) in the first year and MH @ 50 ppm (40.0) in the 2nd year. Application of MH @ 150 ppm caused early appearance of female flowers on the nearest node (from bottom). Application of MH @ 150 ppm gave the lower number of male flowers (81.7 and 96.0 in first and 2nd year, respectively) and the highest number of female flowers/plant, thereby producing lower male:female sex ratio (2.2 and 2.5 in first and 2nd year, respectively) and the maximum number of fruits/plant (12.0 and 14.0 in first and 2nd year, respectively). The maximum fruit weight/plant was obtained from the application of MH @ 150 ppm (29.3 and 35.8 in first and 2nd year, respectively) followed by CCC @ 500 ppm (26.0 in the 1st year and 29.0 in 2nd year). The highest fruit yield per hectare was recorded significantly with the application of MH @ 150 ppm (97.6 t/ha and 89.6 t/ha in first and 2nd year, respectively) closely followed by CCC @ 500 ppm (88.5 t/ha in 2015) and GA3 @ 30 ppm (75.3 t/ha in 2016), as compared to other treatments. The highest mean yield over the years was also recorded at MH @ 150 ppm (93.6 t/ha) followed by CCC @ 150 ppm (80.6 t/ha) and GA3 30 (74.1). Application of MH @ 150 ppm gave the maximum gross return and net return with the highest BCR of 5.24 followed by CCC 500 ppm (4.15) and GA3 30 ppm (3.86). Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 44(4): 577-590, December 2019

scholarly journals Effect of foliar application of GA3, ethrel and copper sulphate on flowering behaviour and sex ratio of Jatropha curcas L.

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 286-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paresh Gayakvad ◽  
D.B. Jadeja ◽  
S. Bhalawe
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Copper Sulphate ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Female Flower ◽  
Sex Expression ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Flowering Behaviour

Effect of various plant growth substances viz., GA3 (25, 50,100 ppm), ethrel (1500, 2000, 2500 ppm), copper sulphate (0.1, 0.2, 0.5%) as foliar spray treatment applied during January to October was studied at 15 days intervals. The flowering behaviour and sex-expression of Jatropha curcas was investigated during in randomized block design (RBD) at the College Farm, Navsari. Looking to the results, it was noticed that GA3 50 ppm resulted in increased number of inflorescence per plant (31.25), number of flower per inflorescence (76.87), number of (male 94.75/female 4.01) flowers, flower sex ratio (24.22) in J. curcas. The Male: Female flower ratio was the lowest at 14th spray stage under majority of treatments indicating increased number of female flowers which is ultimately reflected by increased fruit and seed yield of J. curcas.

scholarly journals (214) Brassinosteroid-induced Femaleness in Cucumber and Relationship to Ethylene Production

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1057C-1057
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Papadopoulou ◽  
Rebecca Grumet
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Female Flower ◽  
Sex Expression ◽  
Predominant Role ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Total Female ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
Female Flowers

The cucurbit family is noted for diversity in sex expression phenotypes. Typically, a phase of male flowers precedes the appearance of female or hermaphrodite flowers. Sex determination of individual flowers is regulated by genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors. Ethylene, auxins, and gibberellins all influence flower sex, with ethylene, which promotes femaleness, playing a predominant role. In this study, we tested whether brassinosteroids, a more recently identified class of plant hormones, also influence cucurbit sex expression. Applied epi-brassinolide (epi-BL) caused a significant decrease in time of appearance of the first female flower on monoecious cucumber plants, and increased total female flowers on the main stem. Increasing concentrations had a stronger effect. Of the three species tested, cucumber, melon, and zucchini, cucumber was the most responsive. Application of epi-BL also caused an increase in ethylene production by cucumber and zucchini seedlings, suggesting that the BR effect may be mediated by ethylene. To investigate the possible relationship between BR and ethylene on sex expression, we identified the concentration of ethephon (5 ppm) that caused an increase in ethylene production comparable to that induced by 10 μm epi-BL (about two-fold). Treatment with 5 ppm ethephon was sufficient to increase femaleness of cucumber plants, but not zucchini plants, suggesting that the difference in response to epi-BL may reflect differences in sensitivity to ethylene. Collectively, our results indicate that application of brassinosteroids to cucumber cause earlier and increased female flower production, and that the effects may be mediated, at least in part, by brassinosteroid-induced increased production of ethylene.

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