scholarly journals Racialism on the Left E.D. Morel and the “Black Horror on the Rhine”

1968 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Reinders
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Young Women ◽  
White Woman ◽  
White Women ◽  
Front Page ◽  
French Government ◽  
Demilitarized Zone ◽  
Dead Bodies ◽  
Serious Injury

On April 6, 1920 the French government, in reprisal for the entry of German troops into the demilitarized zone of the Ruhr, occupied Frankfurt, Darmstadt, Hanau, and Homburg. During the occupation French Moroccan soldiers fired on a German mob in Frankfurt and killed several. In covering the event the Daily Herald, alone among English newspapers, called special attention to the “race” of the French troops. It headlined:FRANKFURT RUNS WITH BLOODFRENCH BLACK TROOPS USEMACHINE GUNS ON CIVILIANSOn April 10, the Herald followed its accounts of events on the Rhine by a front page article by Edmund Dene Morel under banner leads:BLACK SCOURGE IN EUROPESEXUAL HORROR LET LOOSE BY FRANCE ON RHINE DISAPPEARANCE OF YOUNG GERMAN GIRLSFrance, Morel wrote, “is thrusting her black savages …into the heart of Germany.” There “primitive African barbarians”, carriers of syphilis, have become a “terror and a horror” to the Palatinate countryside. The “barely restrainable beastiality of the black troops” has led to many rapes, an especially serious problem since Africans are “the most developed sexually of any” race and “for well-known physiological reasons, the raping of a white woman by a negro is nearly always accompanied by serious injury and not infrequently has fatal results.…” Morel had reports of rapes, “some of them of an atrocious character”, and of “dead bodies of young women discovered under manure heaps and so on”. German municipalities were forced to provide bordellos and white women, and even young boys, for these over-sexed blacks. Master-minding this effort to “ruin, enslave, degrade, dismember [and] reduce to the lowest depths of despair and humiliation a whole people” was a “ruthless” and militaristic French government. Furthermore Morel warned his working class readers, “If the manhood of these races, not so advanced in the forms of civilisation as ourselves, are to be used against the Germans, why not against the workers here or elsewhere?”

scholarly journals Exploring Causes of Depression and Anxiety Health Disparities (HD) by Examining Differences between 1:1 Matched Individuals

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Emil Coman ◽  
Helen Wu ◽  
Shervin Assari
Keyword(s):  
Health Disparities ◽  
Black Woman ◽  
Young Women ◽  
White Woman ◽  
White Women ◽  
Propensity Scores ◽  
Neighborhood Disorder ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression

Poor comparability of social groups is one of the major methodological problems that threatens the validity of health disparities (HD) research findings. We illustrate a methodological solution that can additionally unpack the mechanisms behind differential effects on depression and anxiety. We describe racial/ethnic differences in the prevalence of depression and anxiety scores between Black and White women using classic methods, and then we illustrate a 1:1 matching procedure that allows for building of individual-level difference scores, i.e., actual HD difference score variables, for each pair of comparable participants. We compare the prevalence of depression disorder between Black and White young women after matching them 1:1 on common socio-economic characteristics (age, employment, education, and marital status). In essence, we follow matching or stratification methods, but make a step further and match cases 1:1 on propensity scores, i.e., we create Black–White ‘dyads’. Instead of concluding from plain comparisons that 11% more White young women (18–30 years old) report a depressive disorder than Black young women, the matched data confirms the trend, but provides more nuances. In 27% of the pairs of comparable pairs the White woman was depressed (and the comparable Black woman was not), while in 15% of the pairs the Black woman was depressed (and the comparable White woman was not). We find that Black-to-White disparities in neighborhood disorder do not predict depression differences (HDs), while such an effect is evident for anxiety HDs. The 1:1 matching approach allows us to examine more complex HD effects, like differential mediational or resilience mechanisms that appear to be protective of Black women’s mental health.

Sylvia Plath and White Ignorance

Janus Head ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-155
Author(s):  
Ellen M. Miller ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
White Woman ◽  
White Women ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Sylvia Plath ◽  
Color Terms ◽  
Women Writing ◽  
White Ignorance

Sylvia Plath wrote in the midst of growing racial tensions in 1950s and 1960s America. Her work demonstrates ambivalence towards her role as a middle-class white woman. In this paper, I examine the racial implications in Plath's color terms. I disagree with Renee Curry's reading in White Women Writing White that Plath only considers her whiteness insofar as it affects herself. Through a phenomenological study of how whiteness shifts meaning in this poem, I hope to show that Curry's negative estimation is only partly right. I suggest that embodiment is a problem for Plath in general, and this contributes to her inability to fully examine other bodies.

scholarly journals Les Midinettes Révolutionnaires

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 162-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Fee
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Film Culture ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
French Film ◽  
Social Activists ◽  
The Social ◽  
Fan Letters

In their quest for official and cultural recognition, French First Wave critics such as Louis Delluc discursively positioned the working-class female cinemagoer as emblematic of the sorry state of unsophisticated French film audiences. From this discourse came the stereotype of the starry-eyed midinette, which is still used by French film critics to describe lowbrow film taste and an overly emotional mode of spectatorship. This essay attempts to reconstruct the social practice of cinemagoing among the midinettes of 1920s working-class Paris by focusing on the female fans of the serial Les deux gamines (1921). Both a critique of intellectual cinephilia as a cultural discourse and a geographically specific retrieval of the multiple ways in which socioeconomically and culturally marginalized audiences interacted with the cinema, this historical study repositions young women from working-class neighborhoods as key actors in film culture—fans, but also social activists. Through a study of disparate, unpublished archival material, including fan letters, film programs, and announcements in the leftist press, this essay attends to the social realities of a number of female film fans in Montmartre and grounds their spectatorship spatially within their local communities.

Abstract MP038: Age at Menarche is Associated with Type 2 Diabetes in Young Adulthood: the CARDIA Study

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Dreyfus ◽  
Pamela J Schreiner ◽  
Mercedes R Carnethon ◽  
Hilary Whitham ◽  
Richard Maclehose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Young Women ◽  
White Women ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Baseline Bmi ◽  
Menarche Age

Introduction: Recent studies report an association between early age at menarche and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, information in young women is limited to self-reported diabetes in primarily white populations. We explored the association of age at menarche and clinically-defined T2D among young black and white women (mean age 25 at baseline) in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) cohort. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that the rate for T2D will decrease with each 1 year increase in age at menarche. Methods: Our analysis included 1,258 white and 1,341 black women (total=2,599) who participated in CARDIA during 1985-2006. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for T2D (yes/no as determined at clinic visits) by continuous age at menarche. We excluded women with diabetes at baseline, missing age at menarche, or menarche <8 or >18 years. T2D was defined cumulatively from baseline among non-pregnant women as fasting blood glucose ≥ 126 mg/dl, A1C ≥ 6.5%, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance ≥ 200 mg/dl, or use of diabetes medication. Adjusted models included race (except race stratified models) and parental history of diabetes, as well as baseline age, education, and BMI as covariates. Results: Mean age at menarche was 12.6 years (SD=1.5; black=12.5, white=12.7). We identified 176 cases of T2D over 20 years of follow-up (cumulative incidence=6.8%). Among all women, the rate for T2D decreased by 16% for each 1 year increase in menarche age ( Table 1 ); we found no evidence of nonlinearity. HRs remained protective, but no longer statistically significant after adjustment for BMI. HRs were lower for white women compared to black women, although a test for race by menarche age interaction was not significant (p=0.26). Conclusions: We found evidence to support the hypothesis that early menarche increases the rate for T2D among young women. Higher baseline BMI among women with earlier menarche appears to attenuate the association of age at menarche and future glucose metabolism. Table 1. Hazard Ratio (HR) of Type 2 Diabetes for Each One Year Increase in Age at Menarche in the CARDIA Study, 1985-2006 Crude Model 1 Model 2 # T2D HR 95% CI HR 95% CI HR 95% CI All Women 176 0.84 0.76, 0.93 0.88 0.79, 0.98 0.94 0.85, 1.04 White 46 0.78 0.64, 0.96 0.83 0.68, 1.02 0.93 0.76, 1.16 Black 130 0.90 0.80, 1.01 0.90 0.80, 1.02 0.96 0.85, 1.08 Model 1: adjusted for race (except for race-stratified models), family history of diabetes, baseline age, and participant level of education at baseline (<HS, HS, >HS) Model 2: adjusted for variables in Model 1 plus baseline BMI

Sisterhoods

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-118
Author(s):  
Donna T. Haverty-Stacke
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Woman Question ◽  
Vital Importance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Women In Prison ◽  
Us Senate ◽  
Smith Act ◽  
Women Friends ◽  
Public Career

Chapter 3 first traces how Grace built a public career for herself in the SWP, working as Minnesota state organizer and running for US Senate in 1940. The chapter also examines how Grace became one of the eighteen Trotskyists who was convicted of violating the Smith Act in 1941. Of vital importance to Grace’s experiences within the SWP and to her survival at Alderson prison in 1944 was her sisterhood of women comrades, which included her biological sister, Dorothy Schultz. Grace’s rich correspondence during the year she spent in prison reveals not only the connections and concerns shared by her and her women friends but also Grace’s relationship with the mostly poor and very young women incarcerated with her at Alderson. Both these experiences served as the inspiration for the working-class Marxist feminism that Grace came to articulate in her writings for the Militant and in her 1945 “Women in Prison” speaking tour. Grace’s experiences and writings were part of the Left’s answer to the woman question during the 1940s. Her story adds to the history of feminisms on the left during the 1940s and early 1950s, the period between the first and second waves.

Never Happier in Her Life

2020 ◽  
pp. 176-192
Author(s):  
Allison Dorothy Fredette
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Working Class ◽  
White Women ◽  
Social Ethic ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Class Society ◽  
Fertile Ground ◽  
Border Culture ◽  
Poor White

This chapter explores the lives of working-class and poor white women of the border South. Their story reveals the potential of border culture—how it gave a voice and agency to women whose stories could be more easily suppressed in a less fluid community. The border created fertile ground for ideas of mutuality and individualism. While this led many to pursue friendship, love, and partnership in their relationships, elite and middle-class husbands and wives of the border South still often adhered to a social ethic which dictated certain gendered behaviors to men and women. In working-class society, however, these philosophies gave women a greater sense of independence and authority, allowing them to push the boundaries of the household and assert themselves in new ways.

scholarly journals A class act? Social background and body modifications in Australia

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Tranter ◽  
Ruby Grant
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
State Level ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Body Modification ◽  
Body Modifications

Are we witnessing the democratisation of body modification in Australia? The prevalence and social background of body modifications is examined using national and state-level survey data from Australia. We find body modifications to be more prevalent among younger, less educated, working-class, non-conservative Australians. Women are far more likely than men are to have body piercings, although in Queensland, young women are more likely than young men to be tattooed. Important life events such as pregnancy, separating from a long-term partner or experiencing violence are also associated with body modifications. While body modifications may be on the rise, social factors still influence the uptake of body modification practices in Australia, suggesting these are socially circumscribed taste-based practices, and should not yet be described as normative.

The Timothy 0. Webster Papers and the Pearce Civil War Collection: Using Civil War Military Collections for Women's History

Collections ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-381
Author(s):  
Julie L. Holcomb
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Working Class ◽  
African American Women ◽  
White Women ◽  
Final Part ◽  
American Women ◽  
Women's Experience ◽  
History Of ◽  
Civil War Era

Working-class and rural white women and free and enslaved African American women left few material traces, making it difficult for scholars to document their experience of the Civil War. This three-part article uses the story of the Timothy O. Webster Papers, which is part of the Pearce Civil War Collection at Navarro College in Corsi-cana, Texas, to examine the possibilities and limitations of recovering women's experience of the war from military collections. The first part examines the practice of collecting Civil War documents, the history of the Pearce Civil War Collection, and the collection and preservation of the Webster letters. In the second part, I begin to reconstruct Harriet's story using letters from the Webster Papers. The final part returns to the archive to consider how archivists might aid scholars in recovering the story of Civil War-era women from military collections.

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