RETROSPECTIVE READING IN SENECAN TRAGEDY

Ramus ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 175-196
Author(s):  
Christopher V. Trinacty
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Romantic Irony ◽  
Reading Technique ◽  
Literary Influences ◽  
Seneca The Elder ◽  
Ring Composition

Conclusions matter in Senecan prose and poetry. At the conclusion of his epistles, Seneca often includes an unexpected quote or alters his subject-matter in a surprising manner—a technique that Fowler has helpfully classified as an example of ‘Romantic Irony’ in the vein of Heine or selected Horatian odes. His dialogues display a similar penchant for such endings, e.g. the post-mortem speech of Cremutius Cordus to his daughter, Marcia, in the finale of the Consolatio ad Marciam (Dial. 6.26.2-7). Seneca's tragedies likewise conclude in a beguiling fashion, ‘Part of the dramatic force of the Senecan ending is its avoidance of any note of easy resolution; it serves rather to sharpen and/or problematize the central issues of the particular play.’ As a way to further encourage the reader to question or recognize major themes of the play, Seneca's conclusions feature an intertext that casts these themes in a different light or elicits metapoetic commentary. These intertexts stress ideas and language important to the particular play, especially those found in the prologue, in order to create a type of ring-composition to the tragedy as a whole. This paper investigates these intertexts and indicates not only how they operate on an inter/intratextual level, but also why Seneca would think of the texts that he does at the conclusion of his tragedies. Seneca looks back to some of his major literary influences at the conclusions of his plays (Ovid, Horace, and Virgil unsurprisingly; Seneca the Elder perhaps more surprisingly), which reveals that these moments are diagnostic of his intertextual method in general. The larger situational or generic context of the sources shade the words uttered by Senecan protagonists, but Seneca stresses the tragic impact of such intertextual echoes again and again; Seneca tragicus surely is a pessimistic reader of the Augustan tradition. The reiteration of similar language and imagery throughout the play ‘primes’ the reader to recognize the intertext at the play's conclusion—thus intratextual repetitions signpost the intertextual reference. Seneca wants these references to be noticed; he promotes a retrospective reading technique in which these intertexts recast language and themes found earlier in the play, now vis-à-vis the literary and rhetorical source material. In creating such dense verbal connections, he encourages further contemplation of the major motifs of the tragedies and inherently endorses the position of his plays as ‘open’ texts that beg for further supplementation by further reading and rereading, again and again.

scholarly journals Gross pathological diagnosis of pygomelia in association with other anomalies in a 3-week old Chick-layer

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-69
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Associated Anomalies ◽  
The Subject

Malformations may be found in chickens with or without fatal consequences depending upon the nature of such anomalies and their ability to interfere with the normal physiology of affected birds. The present report aimed to document a case of polymelia in general, and pygomelia in particular, in association with other anomalies in a 3-week old Chick-layer. A post-mortem examination was carried out on the Chick-layer immediately following death from wild rat’s attack in a make-shift metal isolation pen while awaiting clinical examination. Although the Chick-layer looked slightly smaller than its peers on the average, it was in a fair body condition. The Chick-layer had a pasted vent. It also had a pair of legs attached to the pelvis beneath the left side of its coccygeal vertebrae, which displaced the cloaca laterally to its right. We did not observe visible gross morphological changes in visceral organs. However, the Chick-layer had a dilated and impacted rectum/cloaca with three ceca. Based on the available literature, this is the first report of pygomelia with these peculiar types of associated cecal and rectal anomalies in a Chick-layer. The continuous documentation of the various forms of this condition with their associated anomalies will enrich our knowledge base in the subject matter for a better understanding of the triggers, pathogenesis, management, and the prevention/control measures against these developmental anomalies in affected birds.

scholarly journals Kesiapan Siswa dalam MenyelesaikanTugas Sekolah

Konselor ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Ninil Endriani ◽  
Yarmis Syukur
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Homework Assignment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Insight Into

School task in the form of school homework assignment (PR) is intended to provide insight into the subject matter to students who must the finishing. The fact is there are still students who didn't make the task because not understand the task, do not have book sources, there are students who cheat task friend and late to collect it. This phenomena indicate is readiness of students completing school task still less . The purpose of this research described readiness in school student finished the taskseen from: (1) understanding students with task (2) preparation of source material/task (3) completion of Task (4) collect the task. The results showed that students have the readiness in completing the task of schools, however there are still some students don't have the readiness.

Mary Linwood of Leicester's Pious Address of Violent Times

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Matthew Craske
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Religion And Politics ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Napoleonic Wars ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Political Views ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
Contemporary Religion ◽  
The Subject

This article explores the role that contemporary religion and politics played in the subject matter of Mary Linwood's needlework paintings. Linwood was one of Britain's pioneering needlewomen of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Her approach to depicting famous narrative paintings in stitch has been largely overlooked by historians of art. The article is underpinned by use of primary source material, and draws on the most recent scholarship in the field of textile history, notably the work of Heidi Strobel and Rosika Desnoyers. Mary Linwood was an evangelical and a woman interested in the politics of the period. Her use of needlework was a means of both the expression of her piety and of the representation of her political views – especially attitudes to the brutality of the Napoleonic wars. The article also indicates that Linwood's views and medium were of remarkable interest to the wider public during the period.

A Series of Fifty-four Clever Drawings on Vellum: Monstrous Births in Italian ms 63

2015 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-80
Author(s):  
Cordelia Warr
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Source Material

Italian ms 63, now in the John Rylands Library, contains fifty-four images of monstrous births, both human and animal. The manuscript was probably completed in the mid-eighteenth century and was owned by Edward Davenport (1778–1847) of Capesthorne Hall and later by the Manchester-based physician David Lloyd Roberts (1835–1920). This article explores the possible sources for some of the images, which range from descriptions or illustrations in well-known publications on monsters, to popular pamphlets, to drawings and paintings. An analysis of the choice of subject matter and the ways in which the source material has been used places the manuscript within eighteenth-century collecting practices and emphasises the multivalency of the monstrous.

scholarly journals Kesiapan Siswa dalam Menyelesaikan Tugas Sekolah

Konselor ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Ninil Endriani ◽  
Yarmis Syukur
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Homework Assignment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Insight Into

School task in the form of school homework assignment (PR) is intended to provide insight into the subject matter to students who must the finishing. The fact is there are still students who didn't make the task because not understand the task, do not have book sources, there are students who cheat task friend and late to collect it. This phenomena indicate is readiness of students completing school task still less . The purpose of this research described readiness in school student finished the task seen from: (1) understanding students with task (2) preparation of source material/task (3) completion of Task (4) collect the task. The results showed that students have the readiness in completing the task of schools, however there are still some students don't have the readiness.

scholarly journals Application of Listening Reading Technique in Improving the Ability to Read the “Kitab Kuning” of Santri

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Bambang Irawan
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Reading Ability ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reading Technique ◽  
Correct Pronunciation

This article is the result of a research study that discusses the Application of Reading Reading Techniques in Improving the Ability to Read the “kitab kuning” of Santri Putri at the Pondok Pesantren Bustanul Ulum Melokorejo, Jember Regency. Based on data analysis, it can be concluded that the application of reading reading techniques in improving the reading ability of the santri book is a teaching method that presents subject matter that begins with prioritizing aspects of reading, i.e. the teacher first reads the reading topics, then is followed by the santri. However, sometimes the teacher directly appoints one of the students to read an individual lesson first, and of course, the other students pay attention and follow it. The method of reading besides emphasizing reading ability also considers the importance of correct pronunciation. So this ability is seen to help the students to improve their ability to read the book.

Three branches of literary anthropology: Sources, styles, subject matter

Ethnography ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Wiles
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Metaphorical Language ◽  
The Third ◽  
Simple Question ◽  
Central Stem ◽  
Production Practices

‘What is literary anthropology?’ – a deceptively simple question, posed by anthropologist Paul Stoller – unleashes debate about the perceived identity of the field. Through the lens of three book reviews, this essay proposes conceptualizing literary anthropology as a central stem with three branches. The first is the use of literary texts as ethnographic source material, particularly for historical anthropologists. The second is the use of literary modes of writing ethnography, ranging from the incorporation of metaphorical language and the subversion of conventional ethnographic structures to the production of fiction as ethnography. The third is the anthropological examination of literary cultural and production practices. The third has been underexplored in the academy to date, the second has been at the centre of fierce controversy within the wider field of anthropology, while the first has arguably been limited by restrictive disciplinary and epistemological assumptions.

scholarly journals पाठकको दृष्टिकोणमा पगेनीको प्रणयवेदका ऋचाहरूः पाठकीय प्रवृत्तिको अध्ययन [Pageni’s Hymns of Pranaya Veda from the Reader’s Perspective: A Study of Affective Stylistics]

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-93
Author(s):  
बोधराज ढकाल [Bodha Raj Dhakal]
Keyword(s):  
Reader Response ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Response Theory ◽  
Reader Response Theory ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Almost All

प्रस्तुत अनुसन्धानात्मक लेखमा प्रकट पगेनी ‘शिव’ को प्रणयवेदका ऋचाहरू गजलसङ्ग्रहमा प्रस्तुत पाठकीय प्रवृत्तिको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । गजलका प्रवृत्तिहरूलाई पाठकीय सिद्धान्तमा ढालेर गरिने विश्लेषणलाई पाठकीय प्रवृत्ति भनिन्छ । यहाँ लेखकीय अभिमत वा लेखकसँग कुनै सरोकार नराखी निर्वैयक्तिक रूपमा पाठकीय प्रवृत्तिका आधारमा कृतिको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । प्रणयवेदका ऋचाहरू गजलसङ्ग्रहलाई प्राथमिक स्रोत सामग्री र गजल सिद्धान्तसँग सम्बन्धित ग्रन्थहरू, समालोचनात्मक कृतिहरू, समीक्षात्मक लेखहरू तथा शोध सामग्रीहरूलाई द्वितीय स्रोतका सामग्रीको रूपमा लिइएको  छ । यस लेखमा गजलीय सिद्धान्तका मान्यताहरूलाई आधार मान्दै पाठपरक विधिमार्फत विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । पाठकीय परिवृत्तका आधारमा विश्लेषण गर्दा प्रतिनिधिमूलक रूपमा गजलहरूका उदाहणहरू प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । पाठकीय प्रवृत्तिका संरचनागत, विषयगत, अर्थगत र शैलीगत आधारहरूमध्ये संरचनागत र विषयवस्तुगतका आधारमा विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । संरचनागत प्रवृत्तिका आक्षरिक, शेर, काफिया, रदिफ र तखल्लुसहरूको प्रयोग गजलहरूमा भए पनि अक्षरगत र शेरगत प्रयोगमा एकरूपता भएको देखिँदैन । तखल्लुसको प्रयोग पनि गजलीय सिद्धान्तको मूल मर्मअनुरूप नगरी केवल प्रयोगका लागि मात्र प्रयोग गरेको देखिन्छ । गजलहरूको विषयवस्तुगत पक्षलाई नियाल्दा प्रायः सबै गजलहरूको विषय प्रणयपरक वा श्रृङ्गारिक (संयोग) रहे पनि एउटा गजलको विषय श्रृङ्गारिक कम तर नेपाली संस्कृति पक्ष सबल रहेको देखिन्छ । यसै गरी केही गजलहरू शब्दगत र भावगत रूपमा अति अश्लील रहेका छन् तापनि विषयवस्तुको कोणबाट यिनका गजलहरू मुसलसल शैलीमा प्रस्तुत भएका छन् । [This article analyzes the reading tendency presented in Hymns of Pranaya Veda, a collection of ghazals, authored by Prakat Pageni 'Shiva'. An analysis of the trends in ghazal based on the reader response theory is called reading tendency. Here, the work is analyzed based on the impersonal reading without any relation to the author's opinion. Examples of ghazals are presented representatively when analyzing the work. The ghazal collection itself is considered as the primary source material and the secondary sources include the texts related to ghazal theory, critical works, critical articles and research materials. In this article, the analysis is based on the basic tenets of ghazal and reader response theory. The analysis is based on the structural and thematic angles out of the structural, thematic, semantic and stylistic bases of the reader’s responses. Although there is abundant use of the components of ghazals like structured uses of the alphabets, sher, kafia, radif and takhallus, there does not seem uniformity in the use of sher and the alphabets. The use of takhallus also seems to have been used without following the basic tenets of the ghazal theory. Looking at the thematic aspect of ghazals, the subject matter of almost all ghazals is romantic or erotic (coincidentally) but the content of one ghazal seems to be less erotic but more Nepali cultural. Similarly, some ghazals in the collection are very vulgar both verbally and emotionally. However, from the point of view of subject matter, the ghazals have been presented in Musalsal.]

scholarly journals Diskurs-begrebet i religionshistorisk kontekst

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Albinus
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Paradigmatic Shift ◽  
Transcendent Reality ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Creation

The aim of the present article is to show how discourses can be seen as the subject matter for the historian of religions, drawing on structuralist and hermeneutic approaches. Despite different positions both approaches point to the topic of discourse as the field of investigation. In this article a discourse is understood as a ramework defining the conditions and possibilities of the creation of meaning within the confines of a communicative group. these religious groups, and their concomitant religious discourses, demarcate themselves vis-a-vis one another by referring to a transcendent reality, each through a specific representative. In ancient Greece, for example, Homer and  Orpheus, the inspired poets, count as authorities of two different discourses, the source material of which is available in the text groups presented in the names of these poets. The task is to account for the process of transformation as the outcome of different interacting discourses and the continuous reinterpretation within each. Hence, the paradigmatic shift from mythos to logos is to be seen from this angle and not in the perspective if different mentalities. The analysis of discourse is directed toward the historic situation and the texts themselves, not towards types of imagination defined a priori.

Words

PMLA ◽  
1935 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1320-1327
Author(s):  
Colbert Searles
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Assistant Professor ◽  
The Subject

THE germ of that which follows came into being many years ago in the days of my youth as a university instructor and assistant professor. It was generated by the then quite outspoken attitude of colleagues in the “exact sciences”; the sciences of which the subject-matter can be exactly weighed and measured and the force of its movements mathematically demonstrated. They assured us that the study of languages and literature had little or nothing scientific about it because: “It had no domain of concrete fact in which to work.” Ergo, the scientific spirit was theirs by a stroke of “efficacious grace” as it were. Ours was at best only a kind of “sufficient grace,” pleasant and even necessary to have, but which could, by no means ensure a reception among the elected.

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