scholarly journals THE ‘NARROW ROAD’ AND THE ETHICS OF LANGUAGE USE IN THE ILIAD AND THE ODYSSEY

Ramus ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 155-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
David F. Elmer
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Traditional Language ◽  
Semantic Value ◽  
Guiding Principles ◽  
Narrow Road ◽  
Radical Revision

I begin this exploration of characteristically Iliadic and Odyssean attitudes toward the traditional language in which these poems are composed by treading again a well-rutted path in the field of mid-20th century Homeric studies. In formulating his radical revision of the aesthetics of Homeric poetry, Milman Parry took as one of his guiding principles Heinrich Düntzer's notion of a contradiction between the compositional utility of the fixed epithet and its semantic value: if an epithet could be shown to have been selected on the basis of its utility in versification—and Parry's detailed examinations of extensive and economical systems of noun-epithet formulae were aimed in part at demonstrating this point—then it would be proven by that very fact that the epithet's meaning was irrelevant to its selection. Moreover, Parry asserted that the success of poetry composed in such a manner would depend on a corresponding indifference on the part of the audience, an indifference that must be, by his reasoning, categorical and absolute.

scholarly journals Art as a Critique of Language: On the Continuity of the Tradition of the Avant-Garde Aesthetic in the Modern and the Postmodern

2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-303
Author(s):  
Susanne Kogler
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Conceptual Knowledge ◽  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
New Music ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Traditional Language ◽  
Art Philosophy ◽  
Language Of Music ◽  
The One

That art functions as a corrective to rational-scientific insights is one of the formative thoughts of art philosophy. The fact that artistic expression represents a corrective to linguistically-rationally affected insight also ranks among the constants of art philosophy in the 20th century. “Expression is the opponent of articulating something” can be read, for instance, in Adorno’s Aesthetic Theory with regards to the character of language in art and Jean François Lyotard wrote on aesthetic experience: “What happens to us is by no means something which we would have controlled, programmed or conceptually apprehended beforehand”. The uneducible, conceptually unattainable is also at the centre of current art production of the 21st century. On the basis of Lyotard’s and Adorno’s positions, the article shows that one should acknowledge a constancy of the topos of art as non-conceptual knowledge on the one hand as the continuing function of a tradition defined from the philosophical aesthetics of modernity to post-modernity and orientated on the artistic avant-garde. On the other hand and beyond this a continuous line of tradition of New Music becomes clear, leading to the expressionistic avant-garde of the 20th century which represented the starting point for Adorno’s music philosophy, through Lyotard’s focus on John Cage, up to the avant-garde of New Music in the era of post modernity. Specific features of contemporary art, such as rebellion against linguistic standards, an understanding of expressivity that opposes the traditional language of music and operates on the verge of silence, as well as the utopian vision of a modified reality which aims at transcendency enable a conception of art as non-conceptual knowledge, corresponding with the positions of art philosophy in modernity and post-modernity in important points. The relevance of focusing on this line of tradition for musicology lies in the fact that it sheds new light on the musical avant-garde and its further function and, last but not least, that it opens new perspectives in understanding contemporary artistic productions.

A Pragmatic Act Analysis of English Postproverbials on Twitter

Matatu ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-392
Author(s):  
Ronke Eunice Okhuosi
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Public Affairs ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Standard English ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Contextual Features ◽  
The World ◽  
Radical Revision ◽  
Cultural Indices

Abstract Postproverbiality, the novel perspective to studying proverbs, has focused mainly on the radical revision of African proverbs. However, this phenomenon is not only found in African proverbs, but also in many other languages as already suggested in literature. Therefore, this study investigates postproverbiality in English proverbs as used on social media, particularly Twitter. Twitter is especially known for people’s display of radical ideologies, opinions, and idiosyncrasies; therefore, it serves as a useful source for such radical revision of English proverbs. The analysis was done using Jacob Mey’s (2001) Pragmatic Acts as theoretical framework. The data was purposively gathered using five standard English proverbs to search for postproverbial versions; a total of thirty postproverbials were discovered on Twitter. The analysis revealed ten practs and allopracts which include affirming, insisting, informing, counselling, warning, instructing, and encouraging. These were projected through contextual features of shared situational knowledge, voicing, inference, metaphor, and socio-cultural knowledge. The interaction among the textual and contextual features and the allopracts shows that cultures and occurrences in public affairs affect such cultural indices as proverbs and language use and this interaction increases through the internet and social networks which link the world into a global community.

An Israeli University-Level Approach to Judezmo (Ladino), Traditional Language of the Sephardic Jews

2020 ◽  
pp. 214-226
Author(s):  
David Monson Bunis
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Social Pressure ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Sephardic Jews ◽  
Israeli Government ◽  
Traditional Language ◽  
Hebrew University ◽  
The 19Th Century

Judezmo, or Ladino or Judeo-Spanish, is the traditional language of the Sephardic or Iberian Jews who after 1492 resettled in the Ottoman Empire, many of them remaining in the region into the 21st century. Structurally, Modern Judezmo is composed mostly of elements of popular medieval Ibero-Romance, Ibero-Arabic, Hebrew and Aramaic, Turkish and Balkan languages, and Italian and French. Into the first half of the 20th century, the language was written primarily in the Hebrew alphabet; from the second half of the 19th century, Romanization was also used, leading to the unique Romanization which predominates today. The language was not taught formally in the speech community until the 19th century; instead language study focused on Hebrew. In the late 1970s, popular social pressure led the Israeli government to acknowledge the important role played by Judezmo in the Sephardic Diaspora by introducing Judezmo courses in Israeli universities. The chapter focuses on the challenges of teaching Judezmo at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

COO Engels

1994 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
Sake Jager
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Business English ◽  
Learning Skills ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Traditional Language ◽  
Multi Media ◽  
Authentic Language ◽  
Media Applications

This review discusses four CALL programs demonstrated during the ANéLA CALL workshop. The programs differ considerably in scope and technical capabilities, although three are aimed at business English and two feature multi-media capabilities. ENID is an idiom-training program offering a wide range of exercise modes to make vocabulary learning challenging and effective. The exercises focus on business English but the contents can be adapted to suit the teacher's own needs. It runs on virtually any pc. American Letterbox is geared towards facilitating the letter writing process by reinforcing the students' awareness of the situational background. Although it almost certainly covers a niche in the market, it suffers from a poor translation of the original Dutch course into English. Voicecart is a sound-enabled authoring system, which makes it possible for teachers to develop their own pronunciation and listening comprehension exercises. It is easy to use and more flexible than the traditional language lab, but teachers might prefer to wait for a version of the program using a type of soundcard which is more compatible with other multi-media applications. English Express is by far the most advanced of the products reviewed. It is a video-supported course covering business English in particular. A full course in English language learning skills offering authentic language use and fully functional, flexible training facilities, it is a great course for institutions and companies that can afford the hard- and software investments.

Linguistic Practice in Changing Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Rampton
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Linguistic Practice ◽  
Guiding Principles

This book draws on 10 years of collaborative sociolinguistic work on the changing conditions of language use. It begins with guiding principles, shifts to empirically driven arguments in urban sociolinguistics, and concludes with studies of (in)securitised communication addressed to challenges ahead.

scholarly journals TOURISM ARCHITECTURE AS A THREAT TO HERITAGE IDENTITY IN THE VALLEYS OF THE HIGH ATLAS IN MOROCCO

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIV-M-1-2020 ◽  
pp. 723-730
Author(s):  
J. Asencio Juncal ◽  
J. M. Lopez-Osorio ◽  
C. J. Rosa Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Formal Language ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
High Atlas ◽  
Major Activity ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Cultural Exchanges ◽  
Traditional Language ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Tourist Accommodation

Abstract. Despite being a major activity in the economy of the pre-Sahara valley of the High Atlas in Morocco, tourism can also threaten the conservation of the identity values of the architectural heritage of the region. The adaptation of many traditional buildings for tourist use or the construction of new accommodation incorporating traditional language into their structure or decorative repertoire does not always help to strengthen the vernacular values of original architecture. The starting point of this research is the typological definition of this architecture, mostly in aspects relating to the symbolic and ornamental elements of traditional dwellings in the valleys of the Dadès and of the Mgoun, its main tributary. The processes of evolution and transformation from the second half of the 20th century are then described, along with the risks from the tourist boom which has been affecting the region in recent years. In order to study this phenomenon twelve examples of tourist accommodation were selected to analyse the formal language and decorative resources used, in terms of heritage, but also from the perspective of the reinterpretation of architectural symbols in the context of acculturation. This theory considers dynamic cultural exchanges between tourism and the receiving society to be positive.

scholarly journals Verbal Projection of Comparable Translations of a Detective Story

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Yan Wang
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Language Use ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Detective Story ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Classical Chinese ◽  
The Early 21St Century

Abstract Based on the systemic functional framework, this paper attempts to compare verbal projection in two comparable translated texts of a detective story entitled A Scandal in Bohemia, one from the early 20th century (henceforth TT1) and the other from the early 21st century (henceforth TT2). Approximately one hundred years apart, these two translations are strikingly different in their language use, with classical Chinese being used in TT1 and plain (colloquial) Chinese being used in TT2. By analysing and comparing the lexicogrammatical features of the verbal clauses in the two translated texts, this paper summarises the choices made by the translators in these two different historical moments: when translating the source text, TT1 translators show more flexibility by incorporating more addition and omission into their translation than TT2 translators.

Management 2.0

2011 ◽  
pp. 29-45
Author(s):  
Moria Levy
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Knowledge Workers ◽  
Management Framework ◽  
Modern Management ◽  
The World ◽  
Guiding Principles ◽  
Management Recommendations

The world has changed a great deal since modern management principles were established one hundred years ago, at the turn of the 20th century. This chapter suggests a new management framework for managing today’s knowledge workers. This framework is based on three perspectives: analyzing the manager’s tasks; observing the knowledge worker’s behaviors and expectations; and management recommendations via suggested underlying guiding principles. Together these construct a framework for the new era’s manager, defined here as the 2.0 manager.

Hippotherapy and the Communicative Abilities of Children With Down Syndrome: A Preliminary Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-92
Author(s):  
Donna Jackson-Maldonado
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Sensory Integration ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Language Therapy ◽  
Children With Down Syndrome ◽  
Traditional Language ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Communicative Abilities

Hippotherapy uses the horse’s movement to enhance motor coordination, sensory integration, communication, and emotional stability in people with different disabilities. There is a need for evidence that proves increased efficiency in language use. In this study, we analyze the effect of hippotherapy on the communicative abilities of children with Down syndrome. Nine children between 4 and 7 years of age participated in two types of therapies: traditional language therapy and hippotherapy. Results showed effects of hippotherapy on language production and utterance length. Comprehension was enhanced by all therapy techniques. This preliminary study based on systematic evidence illustrates the effects of hippotherapy on communicative abilities.

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