scholarly journals No Justice, No Peace: Political Science Perspectives on the American Carceral State

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-449
Author(s):  
Allison P. Harris ◽  
Hannah L. Walker ◽  
Laurel Eckhouse
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Ethnic Politics ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Class Inequality ◽  
Key Dimensions ◽  
Criminal Legal System

AbstractThis essay explores four key dimensions of political science literature on the U.S. criminal legal system, by way of introducing articles in the special issue on criminal justice featured in the Journal of Racial and Ethnic Politics. We situate police as an institution of social control, rather than providing safety for people vulnerable to crime. The vast array of policy tools to surveil, track, and detain citizens, which lack commensurate restraints on their application, amount to a finely tuned carceral machine that can be deployed against groups newly identified as deviant. We therefore turn attention to this dynamic with our second theme: the criminalization of immigrants, the expansion of interior immigration enforcement, and the consequent targeting of Latinx people. We likewise discuss lessons for reform that can be drawn from research on representation and the political socialization that occurs as a consequence of involuntary contact with the system. We conclude with a brief discussion of directions for future research. The criminal legal system is a key force for persistent racial and class inequality. By turning attention to the politics of the criminal legal system, we forward a critical and understudied facet of American political life that intersects with all corners of the discipline.

scholarly journals Health Implications of Incarceration and Reentry on Returning Citizens: A Qualitative Examination of Black Men’s Experiences in a Northeastern City

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 155798832093721
Author(s):  
Jason M. Williams ◽  
Sean K. Wilson ◽  
Carrie Bergeson
Keyword(s):  
Black Men ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Mass Incarceration ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Health Implications ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Criminal Legal System ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Returning Citizens

While a great deal of research captures the lived experiences of Black men as they navigate through the criminal legal system and onto reentry, very little research is grounded in how those processes are directly connected to their health. Although some research argues that mass incarceration is a determinant of poor health, there is a lack of qualitative analyses from the perspective of Black men. Black men face distinct pathways that lead them into the criminal legal system, and these same pathways await them upon reentry. This study aims to examine the health implications associated with incarceration and reentry of Black men. While adopting a phenomenological approach alongside interviews, our findings show both race- and gender-specific outcomes for the men in our sample. For example, health and wellness appears to be a significant theme that governs their (in)ability to matriculate society. Moreover, their contact with the criminal legal system appears to exacerbate health concerns and hindrances toward reentry. Other themes include mental health and the role of masculinity. We conclude with implications on policy and future research.

Observing the Counterfactual? The Search for Political Experiments in Nature

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Robinson ◽  
John E. McNulty ◽  
Jonathan S. Krasno
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Natural Experiments ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Introductory Essay ◽  
Conference Presentations

A search of recent political science literature and conference presentations shows substantial fascination with the concept of the natural experiment. However, there seems to be a wide array of definitions and applications employed in research that purports to analyze natural experiments. In this introductory essay to the special issue, we attempt to define natural experiments and discuss related issues of research design. In addition, we briefly explore the basic methodological issues around the appropriate analysis of natural experiments and give an overview of different techniques. The overarching theme of this essay and of this issue is to encourage applied researchers to look for natural experiments in their own work and to think more systematically about research design.

Political Science and the Study of Africa

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rod Alence
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Theoretical Orientation ◽  
Ethnic Politics ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Institution Building ◽  
African Politics ◽  
Institutional Failure

Political science contributes a large share of the social research on Africa, and research on Africa has contributed important insights within the discipline of political science. The region contains more than fifty countries, which have exhibited wide variation on “big” issues that motivate political scientists: issues of war and peace, dictatorship and democracy, poverty and development, and sovereignty and interdependence. Major studies of state collapse, ethnic politics, democratization, the political economy of development, and international humanitarian intervention reflect serious engagement with African experiences. The theoretical orientation of much of the field is broadly “institutionalist” in its attention to the organization of political life, informed by two (not necessarily incompatible) “institutionalisms.” One derives from rational-choice political economy and treats institutions as products of and constraints on goal-oriented actors. The other derives from political sociology and treats institutions as social constructions embedded in their cultural settings. Institutions are unusually important in African politics because they are unusually fragile and because the stakes of institution building and institutional failure are unusually high. The methodological orientation of the field is becoming more pluralistic, with studies that employ familiar qualitative methods joined by a growing body of quantitative and mixed-method work. More than ever, a versatile methodological tool kit comes in handy on the research frontier. This article addresses key areas in the study of African politics, including the structural and institutional context of politics (States), political regimes and regime change (Political Trajectories), and social and economic consequences of politics (Politics of Development). Most works cited are by political scientists, with some contributions by others on themes of interest to political scientists.

Local and State Political Parties

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel W. Paddock
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Science ◽  
American Politics ◽  
Party System ◽  
Campaign Finance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Current State ◽  
Ideological Polarization ◽  
State And Local

This chapter analyzes the current state of political science literature on state and local parties. Three broad themes are examined (1) the adaptation of state and local parties to the more candidate-centered politics of the telecommunications age and the subsequent importance of campaign finance; (2) ideological polarization in the party system; and (3) regionalism in American politics. The author highlights directions for future research.

“The Plurality of Perspectives on Monetary Sanctions”: An Introductory Essay

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 901-920
Author(s):  
Karin D. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Structural Determinants ◽  
Contemporary Debate ◽  
Introductory Essay ◽  
Sociological Inquiry ◽  
Criminal Legal System

The importance of monetary sanctions as a topic of sociological inquiry derives from both their ubiquity in American criminal justice and the socioeconomic realities of many people, especially those ensnared in the criminal legal system. This essay reviews the literature on monetary sanctions across various fields, including applied research, economics, criminology, political science, public policy, and sociology. Early approaches tended to be more system evaluations, whereas later work emphasizes the structural determinants of monetary sanctions and their impacts. Insights from research across time and discipline foreshadow the contemporary debate about monetary sanctions and are important precursors to the work in this volume.

scholarly journals Criminal Law And The Functioning Of The Political System: Philosophical And Political Approaches

2019 ◽  
pp. 175-182
Author(s):  
I.V. Kozych
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Political System ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Criminal Policy ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Science Literature

In the article the author studies the functioning of criminal policy as a component of the political system of society. It is determined that the political system of any society is characterized by the presence of certain mechanisms that guarantee its stability and viability. An important element of this mechanism is the system of socio­political principles and norms, as well as traditions, morals, ethics of political life. The political system also includes a communication mechanism that ensures the direct and feedback of social groups and members of society with political power. With their help, social contradictions and conflicts are solved, efforts of various social groups, organizations and movements are coordinated, social relations are harmonized, consensus is reached on values, goals and directions of social development. The author supports the positions in the philosophical and political science literature that the political system is a real socio-political phenomenon that performs certain functions in society.

Attitudes toward Immigration: Theories, Settings, and Approaches

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Thisted Dinesen ◽  
Frederik Hjorth
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Political ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Immigration Attitudes ◽  
Attitudes Toward Immigration

This chapter reviews key themes and trends in the study of immigration attitudes in the political science literature spanning two decades. It begins with a data-driven examination of key trends in studies of attitudes toward immigration in top political science journals from 1996 to 2020, showing trends in terms of the quantity of studies, theoretical perspectives, empirical settings, and methodological approaches. The chapter then presents a narrative review of the literature, highlighting theoretical and methodological innovations as well as identifying gaps and pertinent questions to be addressed. It concludes by pointing to some promising directions for future research in the study of immigration attitudes.

Situating Institutional Responses to Latina Intimate Partner Violence Victims: An Argument for a LatCrit Lens

2021 ◽  
pp. 001112872198906
Author(s):  
Alondra D. Garza
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Institutional Responses ◽  
Theoretical Paper ◽  
Criminal Legal System ◽  
Latcrit Theory

Existing critical theoretical frameworks have been useful for understanding institutional responses to intimate partner violence (IPV) among victims of Color. The present theoretical paper extends upon these earlier approaches by using a LatCrit theory and praxis lens to situate institutional responses to Latina IPV victims specifically. Through a LatCrit lens, this essay addresses three interrelated themes that address challenges for Latina IPV victims, including: racialized indeterminacy, hegemonic representation, and the criminal legal system as a racialized organization. Theoretical implications, future research, and recommendations are discussed.

Introduction: What is a ‘gene’ and why does it matter for political science?

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter K Hatemi ◽  
Enda Byrne ◽  
Rose McDermott
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Genetic Models ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Behavioral Genetic ◽  
Political Preferences ◽  
Initial Wave ◽  
Political Behaviors ◽  
Second Wave

A recent stream of influential research suggests that the inclusion of behavioral genetic models can further inform our understanding of political preferences and behaviors. But it has often remained unclear what these models mean, or how they might matter for the broader discourse in the political science literature. The initial wave of behavioral genetic research focused on foundational discovery, and has begun to outline the basic properties of genetic influence on political traits, while a second wave of research has begun to link genetic findings to broader aspects of political behaviors. In the introduction to this special issue, we explicate how genes operate, the most common forms of behavioral genetic analyses, and their recent applications toward political behaviors. In so doing, we discuss what these findings mean for political science, and describe how best to interpret them. We note potential limitations of behavioral genetic approaches and remain cautious against the overextension of such models. The five articles that follow strive to move beyond discovery and focus more on the integration of behavioral genetic models with mainstream theories of political behavior to analyze problems of interest to political scientists.

Pengaruh Lintas Budaya Pada Pemasaran Internasional Dengan Pendekatan Perilaku Konsumen

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-176
Author(s):  
Endy Gunanto ◽  
Yenni Kurnia Gusti
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Consumer Culture ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Cross Culture ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Cultural Orientations ◽  
The Impact

In this article we present a conceptual of the effect of cross culture on consumer behavior incorporating the impact of globalization. This conceptual idea shows that culture inûuences various domains of consumer behavior directly as well as through international organization to implement marketing strategy. The conceptual identify several factors such as norm and value in the community, several variables and also depicts the impact of other environmental factors and marketing strategy elements on consumer behavior. We also identify categories of consumer culture orientation resulting from globalization. Highlights of each of the several other articles included in this special issue in Asia region. We conclude with the contributions of the articles in terms of the consumer cultural orientations and identify directions for future research.

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