APPLICATION OF 14C METHOD TO CHRONOLOGY OF THE CROATIAN DINARIC KARST—A CASE OF THE PLITVICE LAKES

Radiocarbon ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Ines Krajcar Bronić ◽  
Jadranka Barešić ◽  
Andreja Sironić
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Present Form ◽  
Aquatic Biota ◽  
Dinaric Karst ◽  
Dating Methods ◽  
Dating Method ◽  
Isotope Analyses ◽  
Plitvice Lakes ◽  
Environmental Compartments

ABSTRACT Karst environments preserve some of the best archives of past climate, vegetation, hydrology, anthropogenic impact, and landscape evolution providing that a reliable chronology can be established. Here we present an example of the system of the Plitvice Lakes (Dinaric karst, Croatia), which is characterized by intensive tufa and lake sediment formations. The radiocarbon dating method, combined with some other dating methods and various geochemical and isotope analyses, showed that the Plitvice Lakes system in the present form has existed for about 8000 years. Older tufa deposits were dated to warm interglacial periods. A long-term comprehensive multi-proxy study showed that all environmental compartments (atmosphere, various water bodies, soil, bedrock, DIC, terrestrial and aquatic biota, and of course various secondary carbonates) must be included in order to obtain trustworthy results.

Interglacial Growth of Tufa in Croatia

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Horvatinčić ◽  
Romana Čalić ◽  
Mebus A. Geyh
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Systematic Difference ◽  
Karst Region ◽  
Dinaric Karst ◽  
Stable Isotope Analyses ◽  
Isotope Analyses ◽  
Plitvice Lakes ◽  
Southern Croatia

AbstractTufa samples from the Krka River area in Croatia were dated by 14C and 230Th/234U methods. The study area is situated in the karst region of the southern Dinarides. 14C ages of 40 tufa samples collected at the waterfalls coincide with the early Holocene interglaciation, up to 6000 14C yr B.P. Comparison of conventional 14C dates of Holocene tufa and those of speleothems in the Dinaric Karst shows that speleothem formation started several thousand years earlier than tufa growth. Samples of old tufa deposits from the Krka River (17) and Plitvice Lakes (12) area and speleothem samples from caves in Dinaric Karst (5) yield 34 230Th/234U dates, most of which cluster around interglacial marine δ18O stage 5 (21). Eight of 13 older dates belong to interglacial stages 7 and 9; only 5 dates fall within stage 6 and 8 glaciations. 230Th/234U dates of speleothems and tufa samples from central Europe have indicated that these were formed preferentially during warm and humid interglacial and interstadial periods, and it appears that this is true of southern Croatia as well. Stable isotope (δ13C, δ18O) analyses of 40 tufa samples from the Krka River area were compared with stable isotope analyses of tufa from the Plitvice Lakes area. The δ13C values for both locations are similar and range from −10 to −6‰, indicating similar conditions of tufa formation. A systematic difference between the δ18O values of tufa in these two areas reflects the regional distribution of the oxygen composition of precipitation.

scholarly journals Persistent, Ecotoxic and Bioaccumulative Compounds and their Possible Environmental Effects

1996 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 1771-1780 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ballschmiter
Keyword(s):  
Critical Period ◽  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Environmental Distribution ◽  
Major Class ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pollutant Transfer ◽  
Environmental Compartments

The relationship between physicochemical properties, environmental distribution and effects of organochlorine compounds as a major class of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are discussed. The environmental fate of a compound includes its transport and dispersion in the environment as well as its accumulation and transformation in defined environmental compartments. Accumulation and transformation as the result of environmental distribution may have long-term consequences; this is indicated by the ultimate accumulation and long-term bioactivity of several widely spread organochlorines, and is clearly evident in the decomposition of chlorofluorocarbons in the stratosphere.Depending on the order of trophic levelsbiomagnifiaction factors of 10,000 up to 100,000 are encountered for persistentsemivolatile organochlorines such as 4,4'-DDE, PCB congeners or some Toxapheneconstituents. Mammals show intra-species pollutant transfer during thelactation period. While the mother animal is partly depleting its bodyburden, the calve accumulates in a critical period of its life via themilk a concentrated input of persistent organochlorines. A similar depletionphenomenon is also found for fish and crustacean which enrich in the eggsa substantial part of the accumulated body burden of the female.The air skimming of semivolatiles by plantsurfaces leads to surprisingly high levels of pollutants in the uppersoil layers of forests that otherwise would be considered pristine interms of human activities.

Evaluating the carbon inventory, carbon fluxes and carbon cycles for a long-term sustainable world

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 3994-4013 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Tomkins ◽  
T. E. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fluxes ◽  
Valuable Resource ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Carbon Cycles ◽  
Anthropogenic Carbon ◽  
Environmental Compartments ◽  
Carbon Inventory

Propositioning carbon to be seen a valuable resource, pathways towards establishing anthropogenic carbon cycles are outlined based on systematic analysis of the carbon inventory and fluxes throughout the different environmental compartments on earth.

scholarly journals Response of Water Chemistry to Long-Term Human Activities in the Nested Catchments System of Subtropical Northeast India

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Prokop ◽  
Łukasz Wiejaczka ◽  
Hiambok Jones Syiemlieh ◽  
Rafał Kozłowski
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Chemical Element ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Stream Water Chemistry ◽  
The Tropics

The subtropics within the monsoonal range are distinguished by intensive human activity, which affects stream water chemistry. This paper aims to determine spatio-temporal variations and flowpaths of stream water chemical elements in a long-term anthropogenically-modified landscape, as well as to verify whether the water chemistry of a subtropical elevated shield has distinct features compared to other headwater areas in the tropics. It was hypothesized that small catchments with homogenous environmental conditions could assist in investigating the changes in ions and trace metals in various populations and land uses. Numerous physico-chemical parameters were measured, including temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), major ions, and trace metals. Chemical element concentrations were found to be low, with a total dissolved load (TDS) below 52 mg L−1. Statistical tests indicated an increase with significant differences in the chemical element concentration between sites and seasons along with increases of anthropogenic impact. Human influence was clearly visible in the case of cations (Ca2+, K+, Mg2+, Na+) and anions (Cl−, HCO3−, NO3−, SO42−), compared to trace metals. The order of most abundant metals Fe > Zn > Al > Sr was the same in springs and streams, regardless of population density, land use, and season. Principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated that major ion concentrations in stream water followed the pattern forest < cultivated land < grassland < built-up area. Surface water chemistry of the subtropical elevated shield has mixed features of tropical and temperate zones. Low concentrations of chemical elements; small seasonal differences in headwater streams; and increased concentrations of NO3−, SO42−, DOC, and Zn in the wet monsoon season are similar to those observed in the tropics. The role of long-term cultivation without chemical fertilizers in ions supply to streams is less than in other headwater areas of the tropical zone. Strong control of water chemistry in densely populated built-up areas is analogous to both tropical and temperate regions. Population density or a built-up area may be used as a proxy for the reconstruction or prediction of the anthropogenic impact on stream water chemistry in similar subtropical elevated shields.

Microbial functional responses to long-term anthropogenic impact in mangrove soils

2018 ◽  
Vol 160 ◽  
pp. 231-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucélia Cabral ◽  
Sanderson Tarciso Pereira de Sousa ◽  
Gileno Vieira Lacerda Júnior ◽  
Erik Hawley ◽  
Fernando Dini Andreote ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Mangrove Soils

scholarly journals Reaction Of The Heat Regime Of Antarctic Ice Sheet Inland Regions On Long-Term Changes Of Climate

1990 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 329
Author(s):  
Vitaly Barbash
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Field ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Heat Regime ◽  
Antarctic Ice Sheet ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Climatic Variations ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Isotope Analyses

A nonstationary mathematical model of thermics and dynamics of the Antarctic ice sheet has been developed, taking into consideration the influence of long-term changes of climate. The influence of climatic variations during the last 100 000 years on the temperature field within the ice sheet has been analysed. Information about climatic changes is based on paleographic data and isotope analyses of ice samples from bore holes at Vostok and Byrd stations. The input data used include results from field surveys of accumulation, temperatures of upper surface, relief of the base and thickness of the ice sheet along the flowlines in the western and eastern parts of the ice sheet, as well as experimental data on ice rheology. The computations show that traces of the climatic minimum that took place about 18 000 years ago are found in the temperature field of the Antarctic ice sheet. The model developed has proved that warming of climate due to the “greenhouse effect” leads to significant changes in the thermal regime in the upper parts of the ice sheet, but will not lead to conditions threatening bottom layers.

scholarly journals Multiple Dating of a Long Flowstone Profile

Radiocarbon ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (2A) ◽  
pp. 503-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mebus A Geyh ◽  
G J Hennig
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Spin Resonance ◽  
Dating Methods ◽  
Growth History ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dating Method ◽  
Closed Systems ◽  
Glacial Periods

Dense speleothem samples are considered as closed systems and are, therefore, possibilities for any dating method. Four dating methods (14C, U/Th, paleomagnetism, and electron spin resonance = ESR) were used for samples up to 1,000,000 yr old and taken along a vertical flowstone profile in the Heggen cave in West Germany. Also δ18O and δ13C analyses were carried out.The reliability of the results of each method is dependent on the diagenetic processes that took place during the complex growth history of the flowstone. Speleothem growth was interrupted during glacial periods. During interglacial periods, at least the stalagmite growth rate was greater by one order of magnitude than during interstadial periods. During the periods of low interstadial growth rate various processes might have changed the 14C, 18O, and 13C concentrations, leaching might have removed uranium, recrystallization might have moved thorium several centimeters, and increased content of radon in the cave might have exaggerated the accumulated dose (AD) at the speleothem surface. As a result, 14C ages may be too small and U/Th as well as ESR data may be too large.

scholarly journals Reaction Of The Heat Regime Of Antarctic Ice Sheet Inland Regions On Long-Term Changes Of Climate

1990 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 329-329
Author(s):  
Vitaly Barbash
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Field ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Heat Regime ◽  
Antarctic Ice Sheet ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Climatic Variations ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Isotope Analyses

A nonstationary mathematical model of thermics and dynamics of the Antarctic ice sheet has been developed, taking into consideration the influence of long-term changes of climate.The influence of climatic variations during the last 100 000 years on the temperature field within the ice sheet has been analysed. Information about climatic changes is based on paleographic data and isotope analyses of ice samples from bore holes at Vostok and Byrd stations.The input data used include results from field surveys of accumulation, temperatures of upper surface, relief of the base and thickness of the ice sheet along the flowlines in the western and eastern parts of the ice sheet, as well as experimental data on ice rheology.The computations show that traces of the climatic minimum that took place about 18 000 years ago are found in the temperature field of the Antarctic ice sheet.The model developed has proved that warming of climate due to the “greenhouse effect” leads to significant changes in the thermal regime in the upper parts of the ice sheet, but will not lead to conditions threatening bottom layers.

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