A HIGH-RESOLUTION CHRONOLOGY FOR THE PALATIAL COMPLEX OF XALLA IN TEOTIHUACAN, MEXICO, COMBINING RADIOCARBON AGES AND ARCHAEOMAGNETIC DATES IN A BAYESIAN MODEL

Radiocarbon ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Laura E Beramendi-Orosco ◽  
Galia Gonzalez-Hernandez ◽  
Ana M Soler-Arechalde ◽  
Linda R Manzanilla
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Bayesian Model ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Dating Methods ◽  
Lime Plaster ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Teotihuacan Mexico

ABSTRACT Teotihuacan is one of the most studied archaeological sites in Mesoamerica because of its exceptional size and urban planning; however, its last years of occupation and abandonment are still under debate. We report a high-resolution chronology for the Xalla complex integrating archaeomagnetic dates, radiocarbon (14C) ages, and detailed archaeological information about sample type and context in a Bayesian model. The model includes 42 14C ages and 7 archaeomagnetic dates grouped in 6 phases, including samples from collapsed roofs with 14C ages earlier than expected, suggesting a problem of inbuilt age. The archaeomagnetic dates on lime plasters were classified in unburned samples, related to the time of construction, and burned samples, related to the Big Fire associated to the abandonment of Teotihuacan. The modeled 14C ages resulted in shorter intervals, with the possibility of differentiating the construction phases, confirming that big beams had inbuilt age. Further, combining the two dating methods and classifying lime plaster samples in burned and unburned, it was possible to date different events within the same archaeological context. It is concluded that by combining these two dating methods and understanding the moment that each sample is dating, it is possible to obtain solid and precise chronologies.

The High Resolution Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 316-317
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Ultra High Vacuum ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
The Moment

The high resolution STEM is now a fact of life. I think that we have, in the last few years, demonstrated that this instrument is capable of the same resolving power as a CEM but is sufficiently different in its imaging characteristics to offer some real advantages.It seems possible to prove in a quite general way that only a field emission source can give adequate intensity for the highest resolution^ and at the moment this means operating at ultra high vacuum levels. Our experience, however, is that neither the source nor the vacuum are difficult to manage and indeed are simpler than many other systems and substantially trouble-free.

Mapping and Monitoring of the Land Use/Cover Changes in the Wider Area of ltanos, Crete, Using Very High Resolution EO Imagery With Specific Interest in Archaeological Sites

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sawyer Reid stippa ◽  
George Petropoulos ◽  
Leonidas Toulios ◽  
Prashant K. Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Digital Photography ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Large Area ◽  
High Resolution Imagery ◽  
Site Mapping ◽  
Rule Sets

Archaeological site mapping is important for both understanding the history as well as protecting them from excavation during the developmental activities. As archaeological sites generally spread over a large area, use of high spatial resolution remote sensing imagery is becoming increasingly applicable in the world. The main objective of this study was to map the land cover of the Itanos area of Crete and of its changes, with specific focus on the detection of the landscape’s archaeological features. Six satellite images were acquired from the Pleiades and WorldView-2 satellites over a period of 3 years. In addition, digital photography of two known archaeological sites was used for validation. An Object Based Image Analysis (OBIA) classification was subsequently developed using the five acquired satellite images. Two rule-sets were created, one using the standard four bands which both satellites have and another for the two WorldView-2 images their four extra bands included. Validation of the thematic maps produced from the classification scenarios confirmed a difference in accuracy amongst the five images. Comparing the results of a 4-band rule-set versus the 8-band showed a slight increase in classification accuracy using extra bands. The resultant classifications showed a good level of accuracy exceeding 70%. Yet, separating the archaeological sites from the open spaces with little or no vegetation proved challenging. This was mainly due to the high spectral similarity between rocks and the archaeological ruins. The satellite data spatial resolution allowed for the accuracy in defining larger archaeological sites, but still was a difficulty in distinguishing smaller areas of interest. The digital photography data provided a very good 3D representation for the archaeological sites, assisting as well in validating the satellite-derived classification maps. All in all, our study provided further evidence that use of high resolution imagery may allow for archaeological sites to be located, but only where they are of a suitable size archaeological features.

scholarly journals Joint Discussion 4 UV astronomy: stars from birth to death

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (14) ◽  
pp. 169-194
Author(s):  
Ana I. Gómez de Castro ◽  
Martin A. Barstow
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Uv Spectroscopy ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Mission Planning ◽  
High Resolution Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Resolution ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Uv Astronomy ◽  
Optical Telescope ◽  
The Moment

AbstractThe scientific program is presented as well a the abstracts of the contributions. An extended account is published in “The Ultraviolet Universe: stars from birth to death” (Ed. Gómez de Castro) published by the Editorial Complutense de Madrid (UCM), that can be accessed by electronic format through the website of the Network for UV Astronomy (www.ucm.es/info/nuva).There are five telescopes currently in orbit that have a UV capability of some description. At the moment, only FUSE provides any medium- to high-resolution spectroscopic capability. GALEX, the XMM UV-Optical Telescope (UVOT) and the Swift. UVOT mainly delivers broad-band imaging, but with some low-resolution spectroscopy using grisms. The primary UV spectroscopic capability of HST was lost when the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph failed in 2004, but UV imaging is still available with the HST-WFPC2 and HST-ACS instruments.With the expected limited lifetime of sl FUSE, UV spectroscopy will be effectively unavailable in the short-term future. Even if a servicing mission of HST does go ahead, to install COS and repair STIS, the availability of high-resolution spectroscopy well into the next decade will not have been addressed. Therefore, it is important to develop new missions to complement and follow on from the legacy of FUSE and HST, as well as the smaller imaging/low resolution spectroscopy facilities. This contribution presents an outline of the UV projects, some of which are already approved for flight, while others are still at the proposal/study stage of their development.This contribution outlines the main results from Joint Discussion 04 held during the IAU General Assembly in Prague, August 2006, concerning the rationale behind the needs of the astronomical community, in particular the stellar astrophysics community, for new UV instrumentation. Recent results from UV observations were presented and future science goals were laid out. These goals will lay the framework for future mission planning.

scholarly journals A Microphysical Bulk Formulation Based on Scaling Normalization of the Particle Size Distribution. Part I: Description

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 4206-4221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanda Szyrmer ◽  
Stéphane Laroche ◽  
Isztar Zawadzki
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
Retrieval Algorithm ◽  
Microphysical Processes ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Microphysical Parameterization

Abstract The authors address the problem of optimization of the microphysical information extracted from a simulation system composed of high-resolution numerical models and multiparameter radar data or other available measurements. As a tool in the exploration of this question, a bulk microphysical scheme based on the general approach of scaling normalization of particle size distribution (PSD) is proposed. This approach does not rely on a particular functional form imposed on the PSD and naturally leads to power-law relationships between the PSD moments providing an accurate and compact PSD representation. To take into account the possible evolution of the shape/curvature of the distribution, ignored within standard one- and two-moment microphysical schemes, a new three-moment scheme based on the two-moment scaling normalization is proposed. The methodology of the moment retrieval included in the three-moment scheme can also be useful as a retrieval algorithm combining different remote sensing observations. The developed bulk microphysical scheme presents a unified formulation for microphysical parameterization using one, two, or three independent moments, suitable in the context of data assimilation. The effectiveness of the scheme with different combinations of independent moments is evaluated by comparison with a very high resolution spectral model within a 1D framework on representative microphysical processes: rain sedimentation and evaporation.

scholarly journals SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH AS A PLANNING INSTRUMENT ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CHEREMUSHKI DISTRICT OF ODESSA

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
V. P. Urenev ◽  
◽  
Engel Barbara ◽  
O. S. Savytska ◽  
N. O. Dmytrik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Round Table ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Planning Decisions ◽  
Habitat Analysis ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The City

The article discusses issues related to the monitoring of public opinion in pre-project studies on the further development of the Cheremushki district in the city of Odessa. These studies were carried out as part of the international project “Unloved Heritage of a Socialist City?”, in the period from 2016 to 2019. The project was attended by Germany, Ukraine, Russia. The first and second stages of the project were devoted to the study of the German experience in renovation and a research workshop in the city of Odessa. The third stage is the creation of an office to familiarize residents of Cheremushki with pre-project research and monitoring public opinion. The article describes the results of a survey and two discussion round tables on the development and problems of the area; the authors noted the importance of taking into account the results of a sociological survey when conducting pre-design decisions. As a result of the discussion of the first round table, the participants came to the following conclusions: the residents of the region are indifferent to the adjacent territories, believing that these are housing and communal services tasks; their interests end outside their apartments; it is necessary to find methods to activate local residents and involve them in the management of their local territories; the solution may be to create a model quarter on Cheremushki as an example of successful renovation, thereby attracting residents to self-government and the desire to change something; a sociological survey of residents and their acquaintance with research developments on the topic of the development of Cheremushki will favorably affect not only future design decisions, but also the thoughts of residents themselves about the fate of their habitat. Analysis of the survey, the second round table and monitoring the opinions of residents led to the following conclusions: at the moment, investors are not interested in investing in the development of the Cheremushki region; there is no detailed plan for the development of the district at the official level, the city authorities support point and chaotic development; German experience as tracing paper cannot be transferred to Ukrainian realities; the district is inhabited by people of different social levels who have different levels of understanding in the ongoing processes, but most of them favor the preservation of basic architectural and urban planning decisions and the modernization of houses on Cheremushki; there are activists of the region and specialists interested in developing Cheremushki along the path of modernization and comprehensive renovation, using the experience of architectural and urban planning solutions in other countries, for example, Germany, but legal, economic and state support is needed; in conditions of extensive development of the city, it is advisable to use and develop existing territories.

Zooarchaeology and the Reconstruction of Ancient Human-Animal Relationships in the Arctic

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Betts
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Faunal Assemblages ◽  
The Social ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Ancient Ecosystems

Permafrost-preserved faunal assemblages from Arctic archaeological sites provide a high-resolution record of animal exploitation, ancient ecosystems, and climate. This chapter provides a review of what more than 90 years of archaeofaunal research has revealed about human-animal relationships in the Arctic and Aleutian Subarctic. Taking an alternate approach, the overview focuses on the evidence for the procurement, butchery, storage, and consumption of specific northern vertebrate and molluscan taxa, beginning from the earliest archaeological traces and tracking exploitation strategies geographically through time and space. Additionally, related paleoecological research, methodological advancements, and studies which address the social and ideational correlates of animal exploitation and consumption are reviewed.

scholarly journals Mortar Dating Methodology: Assessing Recurrent Issues and Needs for Further Research

Radiocarbon ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1859-1871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roald Hayen ◽  
Mark Van Strydonck ◽  
Laurent Fontaine ◽  
Mathieu Boudin ◽  
Alf Lindroos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Optically Stimulated Luminescence ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Dating Methods ◽  
Absolute Dating ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Intercomparison Study ◽  
Sample Preparation Methods ◽  
Historic Stone

AbstractAbsolute dating of mortars is crucial when trying to pin down construction phases of archaeological sites and historic stone buildings to a certain point in time or to confirm, but possibly also challenge, existing chronologies. To evaluate various sample preparation methods for radiocarbon (14C) dating of mortars as well as to compare different dating methods, i.e. 14C and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), a mortar dating intercomparison study (MODIS) was set up, exploring existing limits and needs for further research. Four mortar samples were selected and distributed among the participating laboratories: one of which was expected not to present any problem related to the sample preparation methodologies for anthropogenic lime extraction, whereas all others addressed specific known sample preparation issues. Data obtained from the various mortar dating approaches are evaluated relative to the historical framework of the mortar samples and any deviation observed is contextualized to the composition and specific mineralogy of the sampled material.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document