Reconstruction of Soil Carbon Redistribution Processes along a Hillslope Section in a Forested Area

Radiocarbon ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1413-1424
Author(s):  
Tibor József Novák ◽  
Mihály Molnár ◽  
Botond Buró
Keyword(s):  
Human Impacts ◽  
Slope Position ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Soil Material ◽  
Middle Slope ◽  
Age Model ◽  
Carbon Redistribution ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
The Vertical Distribution ◽  
Horizontal Pattern

ABSTRACTThe vertical distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) with depth and its horizontal pattern is influenced by the topography and relief of the surface, due to lateral redistribution of soil material along slopes. Spatial and temproral variability of these changes is frequently due to human impacts on the landscape. In our study, the results of these processes were studied in detail in a small sub-catchment in a forested hillslope section using radiocarbon (14C) dating of SOC and embedded datable material (charcoal, artifacts) from soil profiles with colluvial accumulations. Events with accelerated material redistribution could be identified as an accumulation of a 40-cm-thick colluvial layer between cal BC 410–360 (2σ) and cal AD 430–580 (2σ). Later colluvial deposition resulted in thinner accumulations (cal AD 1120–1220 [2σ] 30 cm; cal AD 1810–1920 [2σ] 21 cm). As the earliest human impact, we found soil transformation from cal BC 1290–1130 (2σ). The depth-age model for SOC compiled according to the average SOC age and its depth showed different characteristics on middle-slope and down-slope position, with rates of 48.0 yr×cm–1 and 22.0 yr×cm–1 respectively, which indicates the importance of topographic position of soils in SOC redistribution processes.

scholarly journals Vertical differentiation of pedogenic iron forms – a key of hydromorphic soil profile development

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-380
Author(s):  
Marianna Ringer ◽  
◽  
Gergely Jakab ◽  
Péter Sipos ◽  
Máté Szabó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profile ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Hydromorphic Soil ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Vertical Distribution ◽  
Iron Forms

This paper focuses on the vertical distribution and characterisation of pedogenic iron forms in a Gleysol- Histosol transect developed in a marshy area in the Danube-Tisza Interfluve, Hungary. Four soil profiles were investigated along a series of increasing waterlogging and spatial and temporal patterns of hydromorphic pedofeatures (characteristics of pedogenic iron forms) were recorded. Frequent and wide-range redox potential (Eh) changes caused the emergence of many types of redoximorphic iron features, including mottles, plaques and nodules. The forms of these features depended on the micro-environments determined by the vertical position in the soil profile and the presence of plant roots. The greatest iron enrichment occurred in the zone of most intensive and widest-range redox fluctuations. Increasing water saturation resulted the extension of gleyic pattern due to the existence of permanent reduction. Most of the features also showed annual variations during the varying periods of water saturation and aeration.

scholarly journals Cryosols from Tundra and Taiga Zones of Yakutia: Properties, Clay Mineralogy, and Problems of Classification

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 1783-1794
Author(s):  
R. V. Desyatkin ◽  
S. N. Lessovaia ◽  
M. V. Okoneshnikova ◽  
A. Z. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Northern Taiga ◽  
Mineral Weathering ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Central Yakutia ◽  
The Vertical Distribution ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract— Data on major properties and clay mineralogy in the profiles of slightly differentiated Cryosols forming in cold ultracontinental climate of Yakutia are discussed. The particular objects are represented by the cryozems of tundra, forest-tundra, and northern taiga of the Anabar and Alazeya plateaus and by the palevaya (pale) soil of middle taiga in Central Yakutia. The differentiation of clay minerals in the vertical soil profiles is poorly pronounced because of the strong homogenizing impact of cryoturbation processes. The profile of pale soil displays minor differences in clay mineralogy despite the strong difference in acid–base conditions of the upper and lower horizons. However, the obtained data suggest that mineral weathering in pale soils of Central Yakutia is more advanced than it was concluded in the 1970s on the basis of data on the absence of pronounced trends in the vertical distribution of clay minerals in their profiles. This is in good agreement with the presence of a sufficiently thick upper humus horizon in these soils, which is typical of the soils of more humid regions. It is suggested that pale soils of Central Yakutia should be classified as soddy pale soils.

SUMMER TEMPERATURES OF CRYOSOLIC SOILS IN THE NORTH-CENTRAL KEEWATIN, N.W.T.

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHARLES TARNOCAI
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Slope Position ◽  
North Central ◽  
Soil Material ◽  
The North ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
The Mean

Soil temperatures were measured at six depths within 1 m of the surface on 10 Cryosolic soils in the north-central Keewatin area during the summer of 1976. The mean soil temperatures during the study period varied between 1.7 °C and 8.2 °C at a depth of 20 cm and −0.2 °C and 6.0 °C at a depth of 50 cm. The maximum and minimum soil temperatures at a depth of 20 cm ranged from 4.4 °C to 13.9 °C and from −0.6°C to 3.9 °C, respectively, while those at a depth of 50 cm ranged from −0.2 °C to 6.7 °C and from −1.1 °C to 2.2 °C, respectively. During the study period a freeze-back of 30 cm or more occurred from the permafrost on several sites. Soil temperatures were markedly higher where the soil material and vegetation were disturbed. The effects of drainage, soil materials, aspect, slope position, vegetation and peat cover on the soil temperature are discussed.

Vertical Distribution and Pollution Characteristics of Soil Heavy Metals in a Relocation Paint Factory

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 1718-1721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Hu ◽  
Yu Zhao Feng ◽  
Yi Yang ◽  
Shu Guang Wang ◽  
Can Liang Li
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Pollution Characteristics ◽  
Soil Heavy Metals ◽  
Background Value ◽  
Ni Content ◽  
The Vertical Distribution

Selected six soil profiles in a relocation paint factory, respectively sampling at 20cm, 50cm, 100cm of each profile and detecting the Pb、Zn、Cd、Ni content to research the vertical distribution and pollution characteristics. The results showed that: part of the sample profiles were in different degrees of pollution by Pb and Zn. When the heavy metals were not accumulated in the soil upper layers, the content of the heavy metals fluctuated around the background value, when the heavy metals were accumulated in the soil upper layers, the heavy metals contents down a decreasing trend from upper layers to lower layers.

scholarly journals A TECHNIQUE FOR MOUNTING AND PRESERVING PEAT SOIL MONOLITHS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 753-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
HENRI DINEL
Keyword(s):  
Current Practice ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Soil Material ◽  
Color Structure ◽  
Teaching Aids ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
A Current

The mounting and. preserving of soil profiles is a current practice to keep reference soils for scientific needs, teaching aids and display purposes. Techniques described in the literature (Berger and Muckenhirn 1945; Bushnell 1930; Day 1968; van Baren and Bomer 1979; Hammond 1974) have been proven satisfactory for mineral soils. However, when applied to organic soils, they have failed to minimize changes to the physical (shrinkage) and chemical (oxydation) nature of the soil material. The proposed technique offers an alternative which reduces shrinkage on drying and fixes the physical and morphological features such as color, structure and appearance in their in situ state. Key words: Peat, organic soils, monoliths, polyester mounting

scholarly journals Influence of human activities on the soils of Debrecen, Hungary

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Sándor ◽  
György Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Anthropogenic Effect ◽  
Soil Features ◽  
The City ◽  
The Vertical Distribution

Abstract Soil profiles of the city centre of Debrecen were investigated in order to examine their properties and investigate the vertical distribution of heavy metals as a measure the anthropogenic activity. During the laboratory work the basic soil features were identified (texture, artefact content, pH, CaCO3, and amounts of organic matter). Furthermore, contents of Pb, Zn, Cu and Co in the soils were measured. Most of the metals showed a strong positive correlation with the humus content and the silt fraction. The soils of the city centre are exposed to a significant anthropogenic effect, therefore the original soil morphologies are usually difficult to identify. The soil profiles are greatly disturbed, which is traceable in the vertical distribution of certain soil features and metal contents.

Salinization of soil over saline-sodic overburden from the oil sands in Alberta

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kessler ◽  
S.L. Barbour ◽  
K.C.J. van Rees ◽  
B.S. Dobchuk
Keyword(s):  
Oil Sands ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Slope Position ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Vegetation Growth ◽  
Salt Migration ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Cover Thickness ◽  
Reconstructed Soil

Saline-sodic mine overburden (also referred to as spoil) removed to access the oil sands in the Athabasca region of Alberta is used as backfill in open pits and is also placed in large upland structures. These deposits are reclaimed with a soil cover to support re-vegetation. The chemistry within reconstructed soil profiles over saline-sodic overburden was investigated to determine the nature and spatial distribution of salts in the soils. Four reclamation treatments were compared: three layered covers (35, 50 and 100 cm thick) and one non-layered cover (100 cm thick). Salts have accumulated in the cover soils 15 to 20 cm above the overburden, raising the electrical conductivity in the lower part of the soil to between 4.5 and 6.0 dS m-1, which is beyond the acceptable value for vegetation growth. Salt redistribution was not related to slope position and the pattern of salt ingress suggests that diffusion has been the main mechanism driving salt migration into the soils during the initial 4-yr period following placement. Cover thickness did not affect the extent of salt migration, but the overall quality of the thinner covers (35 and 50 cm) for vegetation growth was compromised by the increased salinity levels.

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