Dating Prehistoric Fortified Coastal Sites in the Balearic Islands

Radiocarbon ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 1251-1262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Montserrat Anglada ◽  
Antoni Ferrer ◽  
Damià Ramis ◽  
Magdalena Salas ◽  
Mark Van Strydonck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Balearic Islands ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Domestic Space ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Enclosure Wall ◽  
The Bronze Age ◽  
Coastal Settlement

AbstractA special type of coastal settlement, promontory forts defended by inland-facing walls, appeared in the Balearic Islands in an imprecise time during the Bronze Age. A research project was initiated in 2011 to study one of these sites on each of the two major islands of the archipelago. The first one, Es Coll de Cala Morell (north Menorca), is a walled promontory with a relatively large plateau, with 13 horseshoe-shaped houses (navetes). The second, Sa Ferradura (east Mallorca), is a smaller coastal cape, with a different spatial planning, with only two large built-up areas, both attached to the enclosure wall. Two of the navetes have been excavated at Es Coll de Cala Morell, showing a domestic space with a central hearth in both cases. The occupation has been dated to around 1600–1200 cal BC. At Sa Ferradura seven hearths have been recorded in a large, open-air area. Their chronology falls within the interval of approximately 1200/1100–900 cal BC. From a chronological point of view, fortified settlements in coastal promontories are not, as was expected, a unitary phenomenon in Menorca and Mallorca and have to be related to different cultural periods.

Exploring the Bronze Age Tells and Tell-like Settlements from the Eastern Carpathian Basin. Results of a Research Project

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-96
Author(s):  
Florin Gogâltan ◽  
Alexandra Găvan ◽  
Marian A. Lie ◽  
Gruia Fazecaș ◽  
Cristina Cordoș ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Carpathian Basin ◽  
Research Project ◽  
The Bronze Age

scholarly journals 14C Dating and Material Analysis of the Lime Burial of Cova de Na Dent (Mallorca, Spain)

Radiocarbon ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy De Mulder ◽  
Roald Hayen ◽  
Mathieu Boudin ◽  
Tess Van den Brande ◽  
Louise Decq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Simultaneous Thermal Analysis ◽  
Balearic Islands ◽  
Crushed Rock ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
14C Dating ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bone Fragments ◽  
The Bronze Age

Lime burials are a characteristic phenomenon of the protohistoric funerary tradition on the Balearic Islands. At Cova de Na Dent, a lime burial has been sampled for analysis. The lime burial was made up of lime and fragmented bones. Six layers were sampled and described in the laboratory according to their color, the consistency of the deposition, and the aspect and quantity of the bone fragments. Bone samples and lime were dated. The lime was analyzed by using petrographic analysis, X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, and simultaneous thermal analysis. The results show that the bones were cremated in the presence of crushed rock carbonate. The14C dates on the lime suggest an earlier chronology for this ritual, starting in the Bronze Age, as generally is accepted.

ON THE QUESTION OF EARLY URBAN PLANNING FERGANA VALLEY

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Alisher Alokhunov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Urban Culture ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Ferghana Valley ◽  
City States ◽  
The Bronze Age

In Central Asia, in particular, on the territory of Uzbekistan to the Bronze Age,important historical changes took place, such as the emergence of traditions of early urban culture, the emergence and development of the oldest state associations. From an archaeological point of view, this article highlights the emergence of first agricultural settlements in the Ferghana Valley, then urban-type fortresses, and later of the early city-states in the late Bronze and Early Iron Age

TECHNOLOGICAL AND PROVENANCE ANALYSIS OF AN EARLY AND MIDDLE CYCLADIC POTTERY ASSEMBLAGE FROM THERASIA, GREECE

2018 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia Kordatzaki ◽  
Kostas Sbonias ◽  
Emeri Farinetti ◽  
Iris Tzachili
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Survey Research ◽  
Surface Treatments ◽  
Archaeological Survey ◽  
Provenance Analysis ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Variable Surface ◽  
The Bronze Age

During the archaeological survey research project ‘Island Cultures in a Diachronic Perspective: the case of Therasia’, large amounts of pottery were recorded throughout the island of Therasia, ranging in date from the Bronze Age to modern times. Focusing on the prehistoric period, pottery of the Early Cycladic and late Middle Cycladic periods was recovered at Panaghia Koimisis, which is situated on the southern part of the island. This paper presents the petrographic data and results of the analysis carried out on pottery samples which are representative of variable surface treatments and different macro-fabrics of these two prehistoric periods. Tackling issues of provenance and technology, the current scientific analysis attests the coexistence of Theran and off-Theran pottery fabrics already at Panaghia Koimisis in the Early Cycladic period. The majority of the pottery fabrics at Panaghia Koimisis were identified as Theran and the analysis demonstrates intensive contacts between the southern parts of Thera and Therasia throughout the Early and late Middle Cycladic phases. Moreover, adding support to previous studies, this research indicates a wide Cycladic pottery network, in which the site participated as a consumer. During the late Middle Cycladic period major changes in the Theran production are documented, including the disappearance of the earlier pottery recipe, which had been prevalent at Panaghia Koimisis.

Chronology of the S'Hospitalet Vell Naveta Village: An Example of Bronze Age Settlement in the Balearic Islands

Radiocarbon ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (02) ◽  
pp. 375-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damià Ramis ◽  
Magdalena Salas
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Balearic Islands ◽  
Human Settlement ◽  
The Bronze Age

The Balearic Islands provide a good example of late human settlement in the context of the prehistoric Mediterranean. After what could be considered a period of colonization, the earliest autochthonous cultural manifestations occur in the Bronze Age. This study aims to outline a chronology for Balearic Bronze Age villages, based on the case study of S'Hospitalet Vell (Manacor). A wide radiocarbon record has been obtained from three different habitation structures at the site. By combining the available dates with the stratigraphical information, a chronological approach to the occupation dynamics of this site can be established.

Metal Arrow-heads in the European Bronze and Early Iron Ages

1970 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 171-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger J. Mercer
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
General Context ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Arrow Head ◽  
Firm Basis ◽  
The One ◽  
The Bronze Age

The practice of Archery in the Bronze Age and early Iron Age as it survives to us in the archaeological record is difficult of interpretation owing to the low survival value of most archery equipment—the one relic of fairly high survival value being the arrow-head, of flint, bronze or iron. This paper deals with a topic little touched upon previously, and, setting aside the tradition of stone arrow-head manufacture (which persisted well into the Bronze Age in various parts of Europe) essays a treatment of the evidence for the manufacture and use of metal arrow-heads. These will be divided into three types, tanged, socketed and spurred—a threefold division which will appear to be significant not only from the purely typological point of view, but also in the more general context of prehistory.A catalogue of all finds known to the writer in 1967 will be found at the end of the paper. While this catalogue makes no claim to be complete, it is representative enough to serve as a firm basis, and although further research may bring more examples to light, it will probably not reveal any major new concentrations of metal arrow-heads within Europe (at any rate within the framework of existing knowledge).

scholarly journals Painted Astragals of the Bronze Age (Kyrykungir burial ground, East Kazakhstan)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (35) ◽  
pp. 232-246
Author(s):  
Ulan U. Umitkaliev ◽  
◽  
Oleg A. Mitko ◽  
Liudmila V. Lbova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Funeral Rites ◽  
East Kazakhstan ◽  
Archaeological Cultures ◽  
The Bronze Age

The publication presents materials of the funeral necropolis Kyrykungir (East Kazakhstan), in which two sets of astragals with traces of coloring pigments were discovered. The design of the burials accompanying the inventory and the general archaeological context allows dating these objects from the 12th to 13th centuries BC. Data from archaeozoological analysis and SEM-EDX analysis of the painted surface of objects (alchiks) are present in the paper. The species composition of animals has been established, demonstrating a combination of astragals of both domestic and wild species. A diverse chemical composition of paints with which objects were covered, as well as cases of renewal of staining, was revealed. In the initial version, individual astragals could belong to population with different traditions of making paints, possibly from different regions. The results allow us to offer a different point of view on the phenomenon of the presence of alchiks in archaeological cultures. The range of interpretations of astragals (alchiks) finds implies not only understanding them as elements of game traditions, but also designating their complex social and cultural role in the funeral rites of the population of Eurasia in the Bronze Age.

scholarly journals Buried Treasures and Hiding Places of Bronze Items with Iron Tools of the Hun-Sarmatian Age from the Middle Yenisei

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 86-98
Author(s):  
A. P. Borodovsky ◽  
Yu. V. Oborin
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Close Vicinity ◽  
Hiding Place ◽  
Relative Dating ◽  
Mountainous Landscape ◽  
The Town ◽  
The Bronze Age ◽  
Functional Purpose

Purpose. The troves and hiding places containing iron tools in the Middle Yenisei region are located in the Nazarovskaya, the Chulymo-Yeniseiskaya and the Minusinskaya hollows. The study of the artifacts from these trove and hiding places helps to date them, interpret and systematize such collections of items. We aimed at providing absolute and relative dating for the artifacts found. Results. It is possible to systematize the sites where the troves and hiding places containing iron tools are located on the basis of their hydrographic or orographic viscinity. The hydrographic context implies characterizing the location of a trove or a hiding place next to different water basins, such as rivers, lakes, etc., including river tributaries. The orographic context is considered as the location of a trove or a hiding place in a certain mountainous landscape, including mountain peaks, slopes, mound feet, mountain gorges, valleys, etc. Based on these criteria, the Middle Yenisei troves and hiding places belonging to the Hun-Sarmatian time were divided into two groups from the territorial point of view. The first group, which was identified according to the hydrographic location, includes the Askyrovskii, Sharypovskii, Shirinskii, Lugavskii, Shunerskii troves and hiding places and those located on the Ostrov Gladkii. The second group, which was located in a mountainous landscape, includes the Kasangol’skii, Sagarkhaiskii, Uibatskii, Ust’-Kamyshtinskii, 1st and 2nd Askizskii, Dzhirimskii troves and hiding places.The sets of iron tools discovered, which included different axes, ice breaks and iron breakers, stone hammers and adzes, allow us not only to relate and synchronize a whole array of troves, but also to significantly elaborate the interpretation of items within the framework of their functional purpose. Some troves containing iron tools were accompanied with adjacent small hiding places with similar sets of iron tools. Conclusion. Summarizing the results of the discussion on the Middle Yenisei troves and hiding places containing different sets of iron tools, we can conclude the following. Firstly, based on the combination of several item complexes belonging to different periods of time, i. e. the Tagar time, the Hun time, the Bronze Age and sets of various iron tools, we should pay attention to the peculiarities of different collections, which help to determine a relative chronological distribution of the troves. Secondly, a number of the Middle Yenisei troves containing iron tools have a feature of being located in close vicinity to similar sets of tools buried in hiding places. This peculiarity is quite common for the Middle Yenisei troves as it has been consistently registered in a few cases, e. g., the Iyusskii trove, one located next to the town of Krasny Iyuss; the 1st and 2nd Kosogolskii Troves, etc. Thirdly, the presence of iron tools and sets of items inside a trove or a nearby hiding place can be directly related to the character of its production specialization, e. g., a caster's trove or a miner’s trove containing a set of tools for mining activities. On the whole, identification and study of troves and hiding places containing sets of various iron tools opens new perspectives for relative dating, interpreting and systematizing such collections of artifacts.

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