scholarly journals Conventionally Heated Microfurnace for the Graphitization of Microgram-Sized Carbon Samples

Radiocarbon ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 859-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Yang ◽  
A M Smith
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Cold Finger ◽  
Resistive Heater ◽  
New Type ◽  
Reaction Furnace ◽  
Laser Heated ◽  
Furnace Volume

AbstractA new type of miniaturized, externally heated graphitization reaction furnace, the microconventional furnace (MCF), was constructed following our development of the laser heated furnace (LHF). The MCF is comprised of a gas reactor, a cold finger cooling system, and a compact resistive heater, which can raise the temperature of the hot finger to 850°C. The gas reactor is provided with three integrated valves to connect with the hydrogen/vacuum manifold, to isolate the reactor, and to connect with sample vessels. We made two types of MCF: the type 1 furnace (volume of 0.9 mL), with an integral stainless steel cold finger, and the type 2 furnace (volume from 1.3 to 10 mL), with a changeable glass cold finger. The MCF is designed for above atmospheric pressure (up to 2500 mbar) operation to decrease the overall graphitization time and improve the carbon yield. The MCF provides an effective solution for producing graphite from carbon dioxide (CO2) sample gas from 5 to 2000 µg of carbon with only 0.083 μg of 100 pMC extraneous carbon added. Cross-contamination tests show that the MCFs have no memory effect from previous samples.

scholarly journals Bacteriological and Clinical Study of One Hundred Cases of Scarlet Fever

1928 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Gunn ◽  
Fred Griffith
Keyword(s):  
Scarlet Fever ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Heterogeneous Group ◽  
New Type ◽  
Change Of Type ◽  
The One ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Positive Results

1. The bacteriological examination of the throat or nose in 100 cases of scarlet fever on admission to hospital showed the following incidence of the different serological types of streptococci. Of 91 cases yielding positive results on the first examination, haemolytic streptococci of Type 1 were found in 8, Type 2 in 14, Type 3 in 26 and Type 4 in 12; the remaining 31 fell into the heterogeneous group. In the 9 patients who gave a negative swab on admission a later test showed Type 1 in 2 cases, Type 2 in 4 cases, Type 3 in 1 case and heterogeneous strains in 2 cases.2. The heterogeneous group comprised individualistic strains, none of which occurred with sufficient frequency to form a fifth type.3. In 50 out of the 100 cases examined at weekly intervals the type of streptococcus remained the same throughout the attack.4. In 50 cases there was a change of type during the course of the disease; a second type appeared in 38, a third in 10 and a fourth in 2.5. The change of type was considered to be a reinfection since it appeared most often in the youngest children and after the 3rd week of treatment; the source of reinfection was traced in two instances.6. In 3 patients, in whom the Dick reaction remained positive, the appearance of the new type coincided with a second attack of clinical scarlatina.7. Of the 50 patients in whom no change of type was demonstrated 20 still carried the haemolytic streptococci on discharge after periods in hospital ranging from 4 to 8 weeks.8. Of the total 100 cases there were on discharge 49 throat carriers of haemolytic streptococci and 6 nose carriers. None of the 55, so far as was ascertained, gave rise to “return cases” of scarlet fever.9. There was evidence of correlation between serological type of streptococcus on the one hand and severity of scarlatinal attack and occurrence of complications on the other. The importance of this in hospital practice is emphasised.10. The Dick test and Schultz-Charlton reaction were carried out on all cases in the series; the results indicated that the four serological types have different immunological values.11. The evidence in favour of qualitative as opposed to quantitative differences in toxin production by the different types is discussed.

scholarly journals A bacteriological study of endemic tuberculosis in birds

1973 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. Schaefer ◽  
J. V. Beer ◽  
N. A. Wood ◽  
E. Boughton ◽  
P. A. Jenkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bacteriological Study ◽  
New Type

SUMMARYTyping ofMycobacterium aviumstrains obtained in a study of endemic tuberculosis in a Wildfowl Reserve permitted the recognition of two separate infected groups. The main infection was in Anatidae and was due toM. avium, type 1; the other was in chickens used for incubation and brooding and the predominance in it of type 2 agreed with normal experience of birds, pigs and cattle in Britain. Many of the strains isolated from the Anatidae were aberrant and methods used to investigate these are described; two of the strains may belong to a new type. Birds which died from other causes, usually trauma, often had subclinical tuberculosis and 5% of the samples of mud and soil examined yieldedM. avium.

Laboratory diagnosis of von Willebrand disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (04) ◽  
pp. 203-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Schneppenheim ◽  
J. Patzke
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Von Willebrand Disease ◽  
Activity Assay ◽  
Binding Assays ◽  
New Type ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Made In

SummaryOver the last decade, considerable progress has been made in the laboratory diagnosis of VWD. Precise, sensitive and automated VWF : Ag assays became widely available. The VWF : RCo performance was improved to a certain degree. However, the sensitivity, precision and general availability of automated applications is not yet optimal. Nevertheless, this type of assay is still recognized as superior to other activity assays, e. g. VWF : CBA assays and antibody-binding “activity” assays, for the detection of defects in VWF function.A decision limit of either 30 or 40 IU dl-1 VWF (VWF:RCo or VWF:Ag) is recommended for a diagnosis of type 1 VWD. Type 2 VWD can be differentiated from type 1 by calculating the VWF:RCo/VWF:Ag ratio.Improved and easier to perform multimer analysis and genetic testing are beginning to facilitate the diagnosis of the VWD type 1, 2A, 2B, 2N, 2M or 3. Within type 1 or 2, a decreased VWF survival can be detected by the VWFpp assay and its ratio to VWF : Ag.A new type of VWF activity assay, based on the binding of VWF to a GPIb〈-fragment, has been developed. One assay variant does not need ristocetin as a cofactor anymore. The performance investigations presented so far are very promising. It is probable that these GPIb〈-binding assays will detect functional VWF defects as the VWF : RCo assay, but are much more sensitive and precise. Fully automated applications on routine analyzers are expected to be commercialized soon.

scholarly journals Differential flow signal strength of choroidal neovascular membrane on optical coherence tomography angiography in central serous chorioretinopathy

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. e232295
Author(s):  
Rajan Gupta ◽  
Jay Chhablani
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Flow Signal ◽  
New Type ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

A 62-year-old woman with no associated risk factors was diagnosed as a case of type 1 choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) associated with central serous chorioretinopathy in both the eyes based on clinical features and multimodal imaging. She was primarily treated with low fluence photodynamic therapy and responded well to the treatment. There was persistence of neovascular network seen on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) without any signs of activity on optical coherence tomography. However, after 5 years she developed recurrent CNV in the left eye with a new type 2 CNV as seen on OCTA which had a higher flow signal strength as compared with the previous type 1 CNV. Following two doses of intravitreal ziv-aflibercept, the new type 2 CNV network regressed as evident on OCTA along with improvement in best corrected visual acuity.

scholarly journals Emergence of a new type of porcine circovirus in swine (PCV): A type 1 and type 2 PCV recombinant

2010 ◽  
Vol 144 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 18-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl A. Gagnon ◽  
Nedzad Music ◽  
Guy Fontaine ◽  
Donald Tremblay ◽  
Josée Harel
Keyword(s):  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
New Type

scholarly journals A NEW TYPE-2-LIKE CALR MUTATION IN ESSENTIAL THROMBOCYTHEMIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Myeloproliferative Neoplasms ◽  
Driver Mutations ◽  
Chronic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
New Type ◽  
Leukocyte Counts ◽  
Calr Mutations ◽  
Calr Mutation

CALR mutations, together with JAK-2 and MPL ones, are recognized as “driver” mutations in Philadelphia-negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Most frequent CALR mutations are Type-1 deletions (45-55% of cases) and type-2 insertion (32-42% of cases). These mutations are usually associated with younger age, higher platelet counts, lower leukocyte counts, lower hemoglobin levels and a higher incidence of transformation from ET to MF. Recognizing and describing cases with different mutations can be useful to create a database that might help clinicians to include these patients in risk categories and to guide the appropriate therapeutic choices. We report a case of a 77-years old woman who presented a new type-2 like CALR mutation.

scholarly journals The antennal scape organ of Scutigera coleoptrata (Myriapoda) and a new type of arthropod tip-pore sensilla integrating scolopidial components

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Sombke ◽  
Jörg Rosenberg ◽  
Gero Hilken ◽  
Carsten H. G. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Cell ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Receptor Cells ◽  
Outer Segments ◽  
Low Humidity ◽  
New Type ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background Centipedes are terrestrial, predatory arthropods with specialized sensory organs. However, many aspects of their sensory biology are still unknown. This also concerns hygroreception, which is especially important for centipedes, as their epicuticle is thin and they lose water rapidly at low humidity. Thus, the detection of humid places is vital but to date no definite hygroreceptor was found in centipedes. House centipedes (Scutigeromorpha) possess a peculiar opening at the base of their antenna, termed ‘scape organ’, that houses up to 15 cone-shaped sensilla in a cavity. Lacking wall and tip-pores, these socket-less sensilla may be hypothesized to function as hygroreceptors similar to those found in hexapods. Results The cone-shaped sensilla in the scape organ as well as nearby peg-shaped sensilla are composed of three biciliated receptor cells and three sheath cells. A tip-pore is present but plugged by a highly electron-dense secretion, which also overlays the entire inner surface of the cavity. Several solitary recto-canal epidermal glands produce the secretion. Receptor cell type 1 (two cells in cone-shaped sensilla, one cell in peg-shaped sensilla) possesses two long dendritic outer segments that project to the terminal pore. Receptor cell type 2 (one cell in both sensilla) possesses two shorter dendritic outer segments connected to the first (proximal) sheath cell that establishes a scolopale-like structure, documented for the first time in detail in a myriapod sensillum. Conclusions The nearly identical configuration of receptor cells 1 with their long dendritic outer segments in both sensilla is similar to hexapod hygroreceptors. In Scutigera coleoptrata, however, the mechanism of stimulus transduction is different. Water vapor may lead to swelling and subsequent elongation of the plug pin that enters the terminal pore, thus causing stimulation of the elongated dendritic outer segments. The interconnection of receptor cell 2 with short outer dendritic segments to a scolopale-like structure potentially suits both sensilla for vibration or strain detection. Thus, both sensilla located at the antennal base of scutigeromorph centipedes fulfill a dual function.

Type 2 Diabetes Overtakes Type 1 in Hispanic Girls

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (15) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
SHERRY BOSCHERT
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes
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