Stable Isotopic Detection of Manual Intervention Among the Faunal Assemblage from a Majiayao Site in NW China

Radiocarbon ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weimiao Dong ◽  
Cheng-Bang An ◽  
Wenjie Fan ◽  
Hu Li ◽  
Xueye Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Gansu Province ◽  
Wild Form ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Carbon Isotopic ◽  
Manual Intervention ◽  
Majiayao Culture ◽  
Food Exploitation ◽  
Bamboo Rat

AbstractFaunal remains from Shannashuzha in Minxian County, Gansu Province, China were isotopically analyzed to understand animal husbandry, and thus human subsistence strategy, during the Majiayao culture (5200–4800 cal yr BP) period. Stable carbon isotopic results reveal that only two pig samples clearly show a C4-dominated diet with a mean δ13C value of –8.5‰, which possibly indicated controlled feeding practices by human beings. No other significant manual intervention can be observed among the remaining samples, suggesting that both wild and domesticated meat sources were used at Shannashuzha. Statistically, Bos are indistinguishable from Cervidae based solely on isotopic results, suggesting that Bos may have remained in wild form during the Majiayao culture period. The presence of hare/rabbit, bamboo rat, and badger reflects the diversified food exploitation behavior.

Cattle, Sheep/Goats and Pigs from Northern and Central Hampshire: Iron Age, Roman and Early Saxon Faunal Remains from Excavation Assemblages

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 255-272
Author(s):  
Anthony C. King
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Agricultural Intensification ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Animal Economy

This paper is a survey of overall species counts from northern and central Hampshire sites, of Iron Age, Roman and early Saxon date, and their implications for chronological changes in animal husbandry and diet. Three zones, around Basingstoke, Andover, and central Hampshire, are compared with each other, and also with the Roman urban centres of Silchester and Winchester. The Andover region shows the greatest degree of continuity from Iron Age to Roman times and later, while the Basingstoke region has a pattern of change from sheep/goat dominated assemblages to ones with higher cattle numbers. This may be due to agricultural intensification, and an orientation of the animal economy in northern Hampshire more towards the Thames Valley and supply to Silchester, than an earlier 'Wessex pattern' more focussed on sheep and wool production.

Chronological observations and the origin of the appearance of red slip coating on Árpád Age cauldron fragments in the light of the excavations at Végegyháza, Zsibrik-domb site

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-233
Author(s):  
László Lichtenstein ◽  
Zoltán Rózsa ◽  
Judit Szigeti ◽  
Beáta Tugya
Keyword(s):  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Textual Evidence ◽  
Late Medieval Period ◽  
Written Sources

AbstractBetween 2003 and 2008 a research excavation was undertaken at the site of Végegyháza, Zsibrik-domb, also known as Kaszaper Templom-domb (medieval Pereg). The present paper describes the analysis results of the Árpád Age and the late medieval period features and the artefacts within. The pottery assemblage retrieved from the investigations offers new insights into the ceramic traditions of the Árpád Age within the area, whilst the recovery of baking bell fragments of the same date constitutes some of the best evidence for its use extending into the Árpád Age within Southeast Hungary. Analysis of painted cauldron fragments recovered from the features suggests the tradition originated in the Balkans and was brought to the area by a Slav community towards the end of 12th and beginning of 13th century. Textual evidence suggests that the area was inhabited again by a South Slav community in the 17th century. The recovery of fragments of a different type of baking bell from the late medieval archaeological assemblage corroborates these few written sources. The faunal remains analysis shows that the economy practices of the studied settlement based on animal husbandry and were similar to those of other Árpád Age rural settlements within Southeast Hungary.

scholarly journals Current Research, Challenges, and Perspectives of Biotechnology: An Overview

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-199
Author(s):  
Bach Duc Nguyen ◽  
Bich Thuy Thi Ly
Keyword(s):  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Research Challenges ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
Fine Chemistry ◽  
Indispensable Tool

Biotechnology is defined as biology-based technology using organisms or their parts to make or modify products or to improve characteristics of plants, animals, and microorganisms for the demands of human beings. Biotechnology profoundly impacts various fields such as agriculture, animal husbandry and veterinary, industry, food science, pharmaceutics and medicine, environment, fine chemistry, biofuels, forensics, and nanotechnology. Nowadays, biotechnology and bioindustries are becoming integral parts of the knowledge-based economy, and therefore, biotechnology has become a powerful and indispensable tool for the development of all countries in the world. As a rule, biotechnology also requires regulatory policies to control genetically modified organisms and derived products to avoid risks to biodiversity, human health, the environment, and ethical issues. This article reviews the current research, challenges, and perspectives of biotechnology as an integration of both life sciences and applied sciences.

Ternak Domestikasi

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Daud ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Agricultural Labor ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
Behavior Characteristics

Domesticated livestock are local livestock that have previously been tamed from wild life into the environment of everyday human life by selecting, breeding and changing the behavior / characteristics of the livestock being the object. His life is governed and controlled by human beings and are maintained and developed with the aim that their products are intended for food, raw materials, seeds, services and others. How important is the of livestock in human life. Lots of main products from livestock, including milk, meat, and eggs, are food sources of animal protein which have high nutritional value and are very much needed by humans as a source of food for healthy living. In addition, livestock is also a source of daily income, as savings, and can be used for agricultural labor, means of transportation, producer of biogas, organic fertilizer and can also be used as a hobby and pleasure in its maintenance. This Domesticated Livestock book was written as one of the scientific foundations in the field of animal husbandry as well as education in understanding and living the wide variety of livestock created by Allah subhanahu wa taala. This book describes the role of livestock for human welfare, the historical origins of livestock, the domestication of livestock, and some domesticated livestock.

scholarly journals Research progress on the role of immune cells in Brucella infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Cell Subset ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
T Cell Subset ◽  
Th2 Cell

Abstract Brucellosis is one of the most prevalent zoonoses in the world. Incidence of the disease has increased significantly in recent years and has seriously affected the health of human beings and the development of animal husbandry. The pathogenesis of brucellosis remains unclear. Current studies suggest that this disease may be related to changes in natural killer cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages in immune cell subsets. Brucellosis may be also related to T helper (Th) 1 cell/Th2 cell imbalance in the CD4+ T cell subset, immunoregulation of regulatory T cells and Th17 cells, and the mechanism of action of CD8+ T cell. This paper aims to review the research progress on these inherent immune cells, the CD4+ T cell subset, and CD8+ T cells in Brucella infection.

scholarly journals Model of Sustainable Village for Kampung Sedili Kecil in Johor, Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
pp. 14-21
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Cultural Capital ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Economic Capital ◽  
Basic Site ◽  
Capital Social ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Environmental Capital

The economic growth and energy consumption come at the cost of environmental degradation, sustainability experts are trying to find the way which can reduce pollution, conserve the natural resource and protect the environment. Moreover, regional and rural development strategy pay attention to the goal of sustainability to ensure its continuum. Sustainability such as sustainable ecosystem, sustainable community, sustainable village, and sustainable lifestyle support itself and its surrounding. Moreover, Sustainability ensuring access of human beings to the basic resource, healthcare facilities, education facilities, good quality of life, with capacity of conserving environmental capital, human capital, social capital, economic capital, and cultural capital. Therefore, a sustainable village is designed to achieve the highest levels of ecological and environmental sustainability with a holistic approach to the basic site selection, sub-division planning, and construction, through to the requirements of the built environment. Malaysia is one of the countries which has many villages, the villages are not without problems, which are lagging behind in socio-economic development due generally to prevalence of very low level of literacy, and education and, heavy dependence on primary production, agriculture, animal husbandry, and fishery. Therefore, it is needed to conduct a study to find the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the village. Thus, this research has been conducted to study the Kampung Sedili Kecil village which one of the villages in the Johor state of Malaysia. The main aim of the research is to prepare a model of a sustainable village for Kampung Sedili Kecil to ensure that all capital to be integrated and symbiosis relationship that may enable the continuation of the community and conserved and enhanced the environmental capital, human capital, social capital, economic capital, and cultural capital in the Kampung Sedili Kecil.

scholarly journals Molecular Investigation and Phylogenetic Analysis of Anaplasma spp. and Ehrlichia spp. (Based on 16S rRNA gene) Isolated from Hyalomma Ticks in the Border of Iran and Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayyereh Choubdar ◽  
Fateh Karimian ◽  
Mona Koosha ◽  
Jalil Nejati ◽  
Mohammad Oshaghi
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Anaplasma Ovis ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
Main Activity ◽  
Prevalent Species

Abstract Background: Anaplasmosis and Ehrlichiosis are tick-borne diseases affecting human beings and livestock in tropical and subtropical regions. Animal husbandry is the main activity of people in the border of Iran and Pakistan, where thousands of cattle cross the borders into the countries weekly. Methods: PCR-direct sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was used to determine the prevalence and geographical distribution of the disease agents in Hyalomma hard ticks. Results: Six Hyalomma species were found in the region, where Hy.anatolicum was the most prevalent species collected on goats, cattle, and camel. Anaplasma / Ehrlichia genomes were found in 68.3% of the specimens. Anaplasma ovis, A.marginale, and E.ewingii DNA prevalence in the infected ticks were 81.82, 9.09, and 9.09 % respectively. The DNA sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene confirmed the detection of these three Anaplasmosis agents, showing 99-100% identity with the strains previously reported in Genbank from different part of the world.Conclusions: Since A.ovis and A.marginale are considered as important livestock pathogens, and E.ewingii is an important human pathogen, both farmers and people involved in livestock along the border of the two countries need to be made aware of the risks posed by tick infestation and the tick-borne disease.

scholarly journals Survival mechanisms to selective pressures and implications

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 340-347
Author(s):  
Songbo Xie ◽  
Min Liu
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Selective Pressures ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions

AbstractOrganisms have evolved a spectrum of strategies that facilitate survival in the face of adverse environmental conditions. In order to make full use of the unfavorable resources of nature, human beings usually impose selective pressures to breed phenotypic traits that can survive in adverse environments. Animals are frequently under attack by biotic stress, such as bacterial and viral infections, while plants are more often subjected to abiotic stress, including high salinity, drought, and cold. In response to these diverse stresses, animals and plants initiate wide-ranging changes in gene expression by altering regulation of transcriptional and post-transcriptional activities. Recent studies have identified a number of key responsive components that promote survival of animals and plants in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Importantly, with recent developments in genome-editing technology based on the CRISPR/Cas9 system, manipulation of genetic elements to generate stress-resistant animals and plants has become both feasible and cost-effective. Herein, we review important mechanisms that govern the response of organisms to biotic and abiotic stresses with the aim of applying our understanding to the agriculture and animal husbandry industries.

scholarly journals Animal husbandry from the Middle Bronze Age through the Iron Age in the Shephelah—faunal remains from the new excavations at Lachish

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shyama Vermeersch ◽  
Simone Riehl ◽  
Britt M. Starkovich ◽  
Katharina Streit ◽  
Felix Höflmayer
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Faunal Analysis ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Southern Levant ◽  
Subsistence Strategies ◽  
Iron Age Ii ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
Synchronic Comparison

AbstractLachish (Tell ed-Duweir) is located in the southern part of the Judean foothills, known as the Shephelah, and is one of the larger and most extensively excavated multi-period sites in the southern Levant. We present the faunal results of the first three seasons of the most recent excavations, the Austrian-Israeli Expedition to Tel Lachish. The expedition focusses on two areas of the tell encompassing the Middle Bronze Age III through the Iron Age II, area S (deep section) and area P (palace area). The aims for the faunal analysis are threefold: comparing the results between the two areas, seeing how our results compare to previous analyses, and comparing Lachish to other synchronous sites in the Shephelah. We observe differences in subsistence strategies between the areas in addition to diachronic differences. Ovicaprids dominate all assemblages, but we see shifts in the sheep to goat ratio and mortality profiles through time indicating changes in subsistence strategies. Our new results largely agree with the results from previous analyses, showing the value of previous studies and their potential compatibility with newer research. A synchronic comparison of Lachish within the Shephelah shows the occupants of the site were largely self-sufficient but possibly engaged in an exchange of resources in the vicinity.

scholarly journals Environment based Precision Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 6157-6164
Author(s):  
Dr. Rohini. v, Dr. V. B. Kirubanand
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Linear Sequence ◽  
History Of ◽  
World Agriculture

Agriculture, farming or animal husbandry is a vital occupation, since the history of mankind. The name agriculture represents all entities that came under the linear sequence of links of food chain for human beings. India is in an agricultural era, which is earning fame to it. In the fast moving world, agriculture should also run in the same pace along with the existing nature. This paper analyses the different methodologies for environment friendly precision agriculture. It also comparesthevariousmethodsavailablefortheusageofmoderntoolsandtechniquesinagriculture in the digital world. It discusses an insight to dwell into the different techniques for intelligent farming in the digital world. It acts as a decision support system for the farmers to perform environment friendly smartarming.  

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