scholarly journals Drainage evolution in the Polish Sudeten Foreland in the context of European fluvial archives

2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 493-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Krzyszkowski ◽  
David R. Bridgland ◽  
Peter Allen ◽  
Rob Westaway ◽  
Lucyna Wachecka-Kotkowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drainage System ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Variscan Orogeny ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Late Cenozoic ◽  
Drainage Pattern ◽  
Provenance Data ◽  
Northern Edge ◽  
Fluvial Archives

AbstractDetailed study of subsurface deposits in the Polish Sudeten Foreland, particularly with reference to provenance data, has revealed that an extensive preglacial drainage system developed there in the Pliocene–Early Pleistocene, with both similarities and differences in comparison with the present-day Odra (Oder) system. This foreland is at the northern edge of an intensely deformed upland, metamorphosed during the Variscan orogeny, with faulted horsts and grabens reactivated in the Late Cenozoic. The main arm of preglacial drainage of this area, at least until the early Middle Pleistocene, was the Palaeo–Nysa Kłodzka, precursor of the Odra left-bank tributary of that name. Significant preglacial evolution of this drainage system can be demonstrated, including incision into the landscape, prior to its disruption by glaciation in the Elsterian (Sanian) and again in the early Saalian (Odranian), which resulted in burial of the preglacial fluvial archives by glacial and fluvioglacial deposits. No later ice sheets reached the area, in which the modern drainage pattern became established, the rivers incising afresh into the landscape and forming post-Saalian terrace systems. Issues of compatibility of this record with the progressive uplift implicit in the formation of conventional terrace systems are examined, with particular reference to crustal properties, which are shown to have had an important influence on landscape and drainage evolution in the region.

Late Cenozoic paleomagnetic record of Duck Hawk Bluffs, Banks Island, Canadian Arctic Archipelago

1990 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Barendregt ◽  
Jean-Serge Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Unconsolidated Sediments ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
Canadian Arctic Archipelago ◽  
Late Cenozoic ◽  
Precise Position ◽  
Banks Island ◽  
Late Tertiary

Detailed paleomagnetic investigations have been completed on unconsolidated sediments from Duck Hawk Bluffs on Banks Island, in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, that record some of the oldest late Cenozoic glacial and nonglacial events in Canada. The preglacial Worth Point Formation, the overlying Duck Hawk Bluffs Formation, including marine and glacial deposits laid down during the Banks Glaciation, and the lower part of the interglacial Morgan Bluffs Formation have magnetically reversed directions and therefore are of Matuyama age (>790 ka). Upper Morgan Bluffs Formation organic beds and deposits of the younger Thomsen Glaciation, Cape Collinson Interglaciation, and Amundsen Glaciation are normally magnetized and therefore of Brunhes age (<790 ka). The Brunhes–Matuyama boundary is recorded in the upper portion of the Morgan Bluffs Formation. Its precise position within the interglacial sequence can be identified, since the sediments document the gradual change from reversely inclined directions to normally inclined ones. These results confirm that the preglacial Worth Point Formation is at least Early Pleistocene in age and that the Banks Glaciation (the oldest and strongest continental glaciation recorded in the western Arctic) and a good part of the Morgan Bluffs Formation are of Early Pleistocene age. The study also documents a rare site in Canada where terrestrial sediments record the Brunhes–Matuyama transition and in doing so permits a precise correlation of part of the Banks Island stratigraphy with other key late Tertiary and Early to Middle Pleistocene arctic terrestrial and marine sequences.

scholarly journals Short-tailed mice with a long fossil record: the genusLeggadina(Rodentia: Muridae) from the Quaternary of Queensland, Australia

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Cramb ◽  
Gilbert J. Price ◽  
Scott A. Hocknull
Keyword(s):  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Mount Etna ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Late Cenozoic ◽  
Additional Material ◽  
Common Component ◽  
Cave Deposits ◽  
Mt Etna

The genusLeggadina(colloquially known as ‘short-tailed mice’) is a common component of Quaternary faunas of northeastern Australia. They represent a member of the Australian old endemic murid radiation that arrived on the continent sometime during the late Cenozoic. Here we describe two new species of extinctLeggadinafrom Quaternary cave deposits as well as additional material of the extinctLeggadina macrodonta.Leggadina irvinisp. nov. recovered from Middle-Upper (late) Pleistocene cave deposits near Chillagoe, northeastern Queensland, is the biggest member of the genus, being substantially larger than any other species so far described.Leggadina webbisp. nov. from Middle Pleistocene cave deposits at Mount Etna, central eastern Queensland, shares features with the oldest species of the genus, the Early PleistoceneL. gregoriensis. Based on the current palaeoecological interpretation of the type locality,L. webbi, represents the only member of the genus that inhabited rainforest. The succession ofLeggadinaspecies through the late Quaternary suggests an ecological replacement of the extinct large-bodiedL. irviniwith the extant, small-bodiedL. lakedownesisat Chillagoe. At Mt. Etna, the extinct rainforest speciesL. webbiis replaced with the extant xeric-adaptedL. forrestiduring the latest Middle Pleistocene. This replacement is associated with a mid-Pleistocene shift towards progressive intensifying seasonal and arid climates. Our study adds to the growing list of small-bodied faunal extinctions during the late Quaternary of northern Australia.

Pleistocene Terraces of the Alto Henares (Guadalajara), Spain

1972 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce G. Gladfelter
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Ebro Basin ◽  
Lower Paleolithic ◽  
Lower Pleistocene

A suite of four terraces in the upper Rio Henares drainage system (Rio Tajo basin) now provides a partial geomorphological link between the Middle Pleistocene, Lower Paleolithic archeological sites at Ambrona and Torralba (upper Ebro basin) and those in the vicinity of Madrid. The Campiña and Low Terrace features are shown by radiocarbon dating to be of Holocene and Würm ages, respectively, while the Middle and High Terraces are best designated as being Middle and Lower Pleistocene ages, respectively. Stratigraphic relationships between the upper and lower Rio Henares segments need to be established.

Structural Development and Geomorphic Relationship in Wadi Atyaruh, Al Jabal Al Akhdar, NE Libya

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-23
Author(s):  
Fawzi Moftah ◽  
MacTar Mohamed ◽  
Alzubair Abousaif
Keyword(s):  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Groundwater Prospect ◽  
Structural Development ◽  
Drainage Pattern ◽  
Principal Stresses ◽  
Gis And Remote Sensing

The present study has been carried out to analyze the relationship between faulting and geomorphology of the Wadi Atyaruh to reveal the effect of structures on the morphology and distribution of the different karst features. Geographical Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) techniques were applied to investigate morphological and topographic characteristics of Wadi Atyaruh, based on ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model (ASTER GDEM) Version 3 (V3) data. Dextral strike-slip fault is the main faulting type in the valley. Conjugate faults system has been found in the study area, which reveals the orientations of the principal stresses. Wadi Atyaruh consists mainly of Dernah formations (Eocene) and Quaternary deposits. Two types of Karren have been recognized, they are Rillen karren and solution basis which are well distributed in Darnah formation. Caves are found in the Darnah formation, the passages and chambers of these caves show a phreatic bedding plane, elliptical shape, laminar profiles, and rectangular and rounded top vadose profiles. The drainage system of this valley is sub-parallel drainage pattern to dendritic drainage pattern, indicating that the area has affected by strike-slip movement (Dextral), joints and it has steep slopes. interpretation of DEM of study area indicate moderate and high relief, low run off and high infiltrations due to the nature of the fracture carbonate rock, the basin have early mature stage of erosion development. Geomorphic parameters such as hill shade, slop, aspect, area shaded and elevation maps, was produced to describe geomorphic forms and processes of the Wadi Atyaruh. The complete morphometric analysis of drainage basin indicates that the given area is having good groundwater prospect.

Aeolian influx and related environmental conditions on Gran Canaria during the early Pleistocene

2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inmaculada Menéndez ◽  
José Mangas ◽  
Esperança Tauler ◽  
Vidal Barrón ◽  
José Torrent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Textural Analysis ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Saharan Dust ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Quartz Content ◽  
Gran Canaria ◽  
Climatic Oscillations ◽  
Climatic Variations

AbstractThe island of Gran Canaria is regularly affected by dust falls due to its proximity to the Saharan desert. Climatic oscillations may affect the Saharan dust input to the island. Geochemical, mineralogical, and textural analysis was performed on a well-developed and representative early Pleistocene paleosol to examine Saharan dust contribution to Gran Canaria. Significant and variable Saharan dust content was identified in addition to weathering products such as iron oxides and clay minerals. Variations in quartz and iron oxide concentrations in the paleosol likely reflect different Saharan dust input in more/less-contrasted rhexistasic/biostatic climatic conditions. Linking the quartz content in Canarian soils, the Ingenio paleosol, and two Canarian loess-like deposits to different ages from the Quaternary, we hypothesized that the dust input should be lower (about 33–38%) throughout the early to middle Pleistocene than during the late Quaternary. The Saharan dust input to the Gran Canaria profile in the Pleistocene persisted in spite of climatic variations.

scholarly journals Cosmogenic burial dating of in cave-deposited alluvium: unravelling long-term incision rates and complex speleogenesis in multi-level cave systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Rixhon ◽  
Didier L. Bourlès ◽  
Régis Braucher ◽  
Alexandre Peeters ◽  
Alain Demoulin
Keyword(s):  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Fluvial Terrace ◽  
Base Level ◽  
Cave System ◽  
River Incision ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
History Of ◽  
Multi Level

&lt;p&gt;Multi-level cave systems record the history of regional river incision in abandoned alluvium-filled phreatic passages which, mimicking fluvial terrace sequences, represent former phases of fluvial base-level stability. In this respect, cosmogenic burial dating of in cave-deposited alluvium (usually via the nuclide pair &lt;sup&gt;26&lt;/sup&gt;Al/&lt;sup&gt;10&lt;/sup&gt;Be) represents a suitable method to quantify the pace of long-term river incision. Here, we present a dataset of fifteen &lt;sup&gt;26&lt;/sup&gt;Al/&lt;sup&gt;10&lt;/sup&gt;Be burial ages measured in fluvial pebbles washed into a multi-level cave system developed in Devonian limestone of the uplifted Ardenne massif (eastern Belgium). The large and well-documented Chawresse system is located along the lower Ourthe valley (i.e. the main Ardennian tributary of the Meuse river) and spans altogether an elevation difference exceeding 120 m.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The depleted &lt;sup&gt;26&lt;/sup&gt;Al/&lt;sup&gt;10&lt;/sup&gt;Be ratios measured in four individual caves show two main outcomes. Firstly, computed burial ages ranging from ~0.2 to 3.3 Ma allows highlighting an acceleration by almost one order of magnitude of the incision rates during the first half of the Middle Pleistocene (from ~25 to ~160 m/Ma). Secondly, according to the relative elevation above the present-day floodplain of the sampled material in the Manants cave (&lt;35 m), the four internally-consistent Early Pleistocene burial ages highlight an &amp;#8220;anomalous&amp;#8221; old speleogenesis in the framework of a gradual base-level lowering. They instead point to intra-karsting reworking of the sampled material in the topographically complex Manants cave. This in turn suggests an independent, long-lasting speleogenetic evolution of this specific cave, which differs from the &lt;em&gt;per descensum&lt;/em&gt; model of speleogenesis generally acknowledged for the regional multi-level cave systems and their abandoned phreatic galleries. In addition to its classical use for inferring long-term incision rates, cosmogenic burial dating can thus contribute to better understand specific and complex speleogenetic evolution.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals GEOLOGICAL AND MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY MAPPING OF MOUNT GIOUCHTA (CENTRAL CRETE)

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kokinou ◽  
E. Kamberis ◽  
A. Sarris ◽  
I. Tzanaki
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Stress Field ◽  
Magnetic Measurements ◽  
Strain Analysis ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Western Slope ◽  
Strain Pattern

Giouchta Mt. is located south of Heraklion city, in Crete. It is an N-S trending morphological asymmetric ridge, with steep western slope whilst the eastern slope represents a smoother relief, composed of Mesozoic limestone and Eocene- lower Oligocene flysch sediments of the Gavrovo -Tripolis zone. The present study focuses on the geological structure of Mt. Giouchta. Field mapping and tectonic analysis is performed for this purpose. The dominant structures are contractional in nature, deformed by normal faulting related to the extensional episodes initiated in Serravallian times. The strain pattern in the area is revealed from strain analysis. It is inferred that the orientation of the stress field in the area has changed several times: the N-S, stress field which was dominant during Late Serravallian times changed to NE-SW (in Late Serravallian? - Early Tortonian) and subsequently to WNW-ESE (Early to Middle Tortonian) to become NW-SE in Late Tortonian. This orientation changed also during the Quaternary times trending from NW-SE (Early Pleistocene) to ENE-WSW (Middle Pleistocene-Holocene). In addition to the above, surface soil samples were collected in the wider area of mount Giouchta and they were analyzed in order to determine the magnetic susceptibility. GIS techniques were used for mapping the spatial distribution of the geological features and the magnetic measurements on the topographic relief of the area. Statistical analysis techniques were also applied in order to investigate the relation of faulting and magnetic susceptibility. Maps representing the spatial distribution of the above measurements were created by using appropriate interpolation algorithms.

scholarly journals Elephant bones for the Middle Pleistocene toolmaker

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256090
Author(s):  
Paola Villa ◽  
Giovanni Boschian ◽  
Luca Pollarolo ◽  
Daniela Saccà ◽  
Fabrizio Marra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Stone Tool ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Bone Tools ◽  
Lithic Industry ◽  
Taphonomic Analysis

The use of bone as raw material for implements is documented since the Early Pleistocene. Throughout the Early and Middle Pleistocene bone tool shaping was done by percussion flaking, the same technique used for knapping stone artifacts, although bone shaping was rare compared to stone tool flaking. Until recently the generally accepted idea was that early bone technology was essentially immediate and expedient, based on single-stage operations, using available bone fragments of large to medium size animals. Only Upper Paleolithic bone tools would involve several stages of manufacture with clear evidence of primary flaking or breaking of bone to produce the kind of fragments required for different kinds of tools. Our technological and taphonomic analysis of the bone assemblage of Castel di Guido, a Middle Pleistocene site in Italy, now dated by 40Ar/39Ar to about 400 ka, shows that this general idea is inexact. In spite of the fact that the number of bone bifaces at the site had been largely overestimated in previous publications, the number of verified, human-made bone tools is 98. This is the highest number of flaked bone tools made by pre-modern hominids published so far. Moreover the Castel di Guido bone assemblage is characterized by systematic production of standardized blanks (elephant diaphysis fragments) and clear diversity of tool types. Bone smoothers and intermediate pieces prove that some features of Aurignacian technology have roots that go beyond the late Mousterian, back to the Middle Pleistocene. Clearly the Castel di Guido hominids had done the first step in the process of increasing complexity of bone technology. We discuss the reasons why this innovation was not developed. The analysis of the lithic industry is done for comparison with the bone industry.

Acoustic interpretation of Quaternary sedimentation and erosion on the channelled upper Laurentian Fan, Atlantic margin of Canada

1982 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1974-1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. W. Piper ◽  
William R. Normark
Keyword(s):  
Single Channel ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Survey Area ◽  
Overbank Sediments ◽  
Abandoned Channel ◽  
Acoustic Facies ◽  
Seismic Reflection Profiles ◽  
Atlantic Margin ◽  
To Receive

About 1000 km of single-channel seismic-reflection profiles from a 50 km × 100 km area on the upper Laurentian Fan shows no evidence of the large slumps interpreted by previous workers in this area. Our detailed profile grid indicates that slump-like masses are commonly in depositional continuity with definite autochthonous sediments, and surfaces previously interpreted as slide planes are either facies changes or the result of valley-wall erosion. Only a few small slump blocks of relatively consolidated sediment are found on the uppermost fan. Acoustic-facies distribution shows a single Early (?) Pleistocene fan valley crossing the northeast part of the survey area with thick overbank sediments to the southwest. In the middle (?) Pleistocene this valley became incised. Its upper reaches then ceased to receive sediment, and a new valley was cut extending southward from the upper slope and intercepting the lower reaches of the old fan valley. This channel diversion was probably related either to the glacial excavation of the Laurentian Channel or to a major slump scar that formed east of the survey area. Most of the old abandoned channel was plugged by overbank deposits from the new master channel. Two other valleys farther west also developed at this time or somewhat earlier. In Late Pleistocene time, all three valleys were incised and more than 1 km of sedimentary material was stripped from much of the uppermost part of the fan, probably as a result of headward erosion of submarine canyons and general thalweg lowering.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document