Tectonic and climatic controls on Quaternary fluvial processes and river terrace formation in a Mediterranean setting, the Göksu River, southern Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 533-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurcan Avşin ◽  
Jef Vandenberghe ◽  
Ronald van Balen ◽  
Nafiye Güneç Kıyak ◽  
Tuğba Öztürk
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Optically Stimulated Luminescence ◽  
Fluvial Sediments ◽  
River Terrace ◽  
Fluvial System ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Oxygen Isotope Stage ◽  
River Terraces ◽  
Southern Turkey ◽  
Glacial Time

AbstractClimate and tectonics effect the fluvial evolution of the Mediterranean Mut basin. The basin contains a river terrace staircase of 16 levels (T16–T1) ranging from 365 to 10 m above the current Göksu River in its middle and lower sections. These river terraces records tectonic uplift in the Mut basin. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of the fluvial sediments of the youngest terrace (T16) provides a chronology for the assessment of the important impacts of climatic changes. The ages from the youngest river terrace deposits in T16 may be subdivided into two intervals: (1) 239–194.7 ka during the later part of Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 7, implying that the aggradation of T16 started in (the final phase of) this warm period; and (2) 187.9–171 ka during much of MIS 6. Thus, it appears that the Göksu River continued depositing sediment from an interglacial into a glacial time. The differences in climate-driven fluvial evolution between this Mediterranean fluvial system and the classical, well-studied temperate–periglacial river systems in Europe may be the result of different vegetation cover and greater thaw of more intense snowfalls.

scholarly journals ESR geochronology of the Minjiang River terraces at Wenchuan, eastern margin of Tibetan Plateau, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 360-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Ru Liu ◽  
Gong-Ming Yin ◽  
Hui-Ping Zhang ◽  
Wen-Jun Zheng ◽  
Pierre Voinchet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Fluvial Sediments ◽  
River Terrace ◽  
Eastern Margin ◽  
River Terraces ◽  
Quaternary Climate ◽  
Minjiang River ◽  
Longmen Shan Fault

Abstract The Minjiang River terrace along the Longmen Shan fault zone near Wenchuan, at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, China, provides archives for tectonic activity and quaternary climate change. However, previous studies were not able to provide ages older than 100 ka due to the limitations of dating material or/and methods applied to date the fluvial sediments. In this study, we used the ESR signal of the Ti-Li center in quartz to obtain the ages of four higher terraces (T3–T6). According to the results, the terraces T3 to T6 were formed at 64±19 ka, 101±15 ka, 153±33 ka, and 423±115 ka, respectively. Combined with previous studies, these results indicate that the formations of all terraces correspond to glacial/interglacial transition periods, such as, T1-T5 being correlated to MIS2/1, MIS4/3, MIS5d/5c, and MIS6/5e respectively, while T6 probably to MIS12/11. According to these data, it is found that the average incision rate was significantly higher over the last 150 ka than that previous 100 ka (250 to 150 ka). As both tectonics and climate have affected the formation of these terraces, in addition to the overall uplifting of Tibetan Plateau, the regional uplift due to isostasy would be an additional tectonic factor in the formation of river terraces in the eastern margin of Tibetan plateau.

Late Quaternary paleosols, stratigraphy and landscape evolution in the Northern Pampa, Argentina

2006 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob A. Kemp ◽  
Marcelo Zárate ◽  
Phillip Toms ◽  
Matthew King ◽  
Jorge Sanabria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Oxygen Isotope ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Landscape Evolution ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Optically Stimulated Luminescence ◽  
Fluvial Sediments ◽  
Oxygen Isotope Stage ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe field properties, micromorphology, grain-size, geochemistry, and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages of two late Quaternary sections have been used to reconstruct the sequence of pedosedimentary processes and to provide insights into landscape evolution in part of the Northern Pampa of Argentina. Paleosols developed in paludal sediments adjacent to the Paraná river at Baradero and in loess at Lozada can both be correlated and linked to other sites, thus enabling for the first time the tentative recognition and tracing of a diachronous soil stratigraphic unit that probably spans the equivalent of at least part of marine oxygen isotope stage (OIS) 5. The paleosol at Lozada was truncated and buried beneath fluvial sediments during the time span of OIS 4 and 3. Eolian gradually replaced paludal inputs at Baradero over this period, and there were also two clearly defined breaks in sedimentation and development of paleosols. The period corresponding to OIS 2 was marked by significant loess accumulation at both sites with accretion continuing into the mid-Holocene only at Lozada. The more developed nature of the surface soil at Baradero probably reflects a combination of a moister climate and a longer soil-forming interval.

scholarly journals The Quaternary Climatic and Tectonic Development of the Murat River Valley (Muş Basin, Eastern Turkey) as Recorded by Fluvial Deposits Dated by Optically Stimulated Luminescence

Quaternary ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Nurcan Avşin ◽  
Mehmet Korhan Erturaç ◽  
Eren Şahiner ◽  
Tuncer Demir
Keyword(s):  
Optically Stimulated Luminescence ◽  
Fluvial System ◽  
Middle Section ◽  
Alluvial Terrace ◽  
Last Glacial Period ◽  
Fluvial Systems ◽  
Tectonic Development ◽  
River Deposits ◽  
East Anatolia ◽  
The Last Glacial

The paper describes climatic and tectonic effects on fluvial processes of East Anatolia. This study from the Muş Basin contains three alluvial terrace levels (T3-T1) ranging from 30–35 m to 3–5 m above the present Murat River in its middle section. In order to provide a chronology for the evaluation of the significant, effects of climatic changes and tectonic uplift, we used optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of the river deposits of the youngest (T3) and medium terrace (T2). The ages from these terrace deposits show that the T3 has formed approximately 6.5 ka ago, i.e., during the last part of the Holocene (MIS 1) and T2 has formed nearly 25 ka ago, i.e., during MIS 2 at the ending of the last glacial period. According to these results, it appears that the Murat River established its terrace sequences both in cold and warm periods. The variations in climate oriented fluvial evolution between the East Anatolia fluvial system and the temperate-periglacial fluvial systems in Europe may be the conclusion of different vegetation cover and melting thicker snow coverings in cold periods.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal variations in river terrace formation, preservation, and morphology in the Lower Meuse Valley, The Netherlands

2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 548-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hessel Antonius Gerardus Woolderink ◽  
Cornelis Kasse ◽  
Kim Mikkel Cohen ◽  
Wim Zacharias Hoek ◽  
Ronald Theodorus Van Balen
Keyword(s):  
Late Glacial ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Rift System ◽  
River Terrace ◽  
Digital Mapping ◽  
River Terraces ◽  
Roer Valley Graben ◽  
Late Glacial And Holocene

AbstractThe Lower Meuse Valley crosses the Roer Valley Rift System and provides an outstanding example of well-preserved late glacial and Holocene river terraces. The formation, preservation, and morphology of these terraces vary due to reach-specific conditions, a phenomenon that has been underappreciated in past studies. A detailed palaeogeographic reconstruction of the terrace series over the full length of the Lower Meuse Valley has been performed. This reconstruction provides improved insight into successive morphological responses to combined climatic and tectonic external forcing, as expressed and preserved in different ways along the river. New field data and data obtained from past studies were integrated using a digital mapping method in GIS. Results show that late glacial river terraces with diverse fluvial styles are best preserved in the Lower Meuse Valley downstream sub-reaches (traversing the Venlo Block and Peel Block), while Holocene terrace remnants are well-developed and preserved in the upstream sub-reaches (traversing the Campine Block and Roer Valley Graben). This reach-to-reach spatial variance in river terrace preservation and morphology can be ascribed to tectonically driven variations in river gradient and subsurface lithology, and to river-driven throughput of sediment supply.

scholarly journals Aeolian activity during Late Glacial time, with an example from Mongo, Indiana, USA

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-182
Author(s):  
Timothy G. Fisher ◽  
Jennifer Horton ◽  
Kenneth Lepper ◽  
Henry Loope
Keyword(s):  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Optically Stimulated Luminescence ◽  
Laurentide Ice Sheet ◽  
Great Lakes Region ◽  
Aeolian Activity ◽  
Minimum Age ◽  
Channel Bottom ◽  
Glacial Time

The last aeolian activity of a significant number of inland sand dunes in the southern Great Lakes region (SGLR) was several thousands of years after deglaciation. At Mongo, Indiana, a field of parabolic sand dunes with a variety of morphologies are within the channel bottom of the Pigeon River meltwater channel, with some dunes having climbed up the channel wall onto the adjacent upland surface. The optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) samples from the channel-bottom dunes have a mean age of 14.2 ± 1.6 ka (n = 2) and the OSL samples from upland dunes have a mean age of 12.3 ± 1.6 ka (n = 4). Dunes and outwash ages and geomorphic setting constrain both the position of the Huron-Erie and Saginaw lobes. The oldest dune age is also a minimum age for cessation of local meltwater flow from the Huron-Erie Lobe of the Laurentide Ice Sheet and formation of the adjacent Sturgis Moraine of the Saginaw Lobe. The final activity of the dunes is coincident with late glacial stadial and interstadial events as recorded in the Greenland ice core records, a similar finding to all other studies of dunes in the SGLR. It is now well recognized that many dunes were last active before, during, and after the Younger Dryas stadial, presumably in response to a climate that was windier and less favorable for vegetation.

Evidence of Stream Response to Holocene Climatic Change in a Small Wisconsin Watershed

1983 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia F. McDowell
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Climatic Change ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Soil Development ◽  
Fluvial System ◽  
Alluvial Deposits ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Fluvial Response ◽  
Stream Response ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractDuring the Holocene, moderate climatic and vegetational changes triggered several episodes of adjustment in the Brush Creek fluvial system. The alluvial chronology includes an episode of erosion at 7800 – 5700 yr B.P. corresponding to the mid-Holocene precipitation minimum and an episode of floodplain construction at 5700 – 5000 yr B.P. corresponding to a rapid increase in precipitation. Holocene climatic changes have influenced the sedimentology of the alluvial deposits and soil development on them. Fluvial adjustment is caused primarily by hydrologic and hydraulic changes related to climatic change, but there is no simple model for fluvial response to climatic change. The relationship between the direction of climatic change and the type of fluvial response is complex.

scholarly journals John Lubbock's early contribution to the understanding of river terraces and their importance to Geography, Archaeology and Earth Science

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Bridgland
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Evolution ◽  
Earth Science ◽  
Valley Floor ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
River Terrace ◽  
Climatic Fluctuation ◽  
River Systems ◽  
River Terraces ◽  
Early Humans ◽  
Modern Thinking

In his writings John Lubbock expounded views on the understanding of past climates, prehistoric faunas, early humans, and the evolution of landscape and river systems. His contributions on some of these related topics are scarcely remembered, despite comparison with modern thinking showing them frequently to have been prescient. He visited the Somme valley, observing river terrace gravels and Palaeolithic artefacts in the company of the leading geologists and archaeologists of his day, visits that furnished knowledge of the early archaeological record and were also formative in terms of his understanding of river-valley and landscape evolution. He noted that terraces represented former valley-floor levels and that rivers had deepened their valleys in response to uplift of the land, something that is often not fully grasped at the present time. He was also an early believer in interglacial–glacial climatic fluctuation, an idea not widely accepted in Britain until after his death.

scholarly journals Evolution of Quaternary river terraces related to the uplift of the central part of the Bohemian Massif

Geografie ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-222
Author(s):  
Břetislav Balatka ◽  
Jan Kalvoda
Keyword(s):  
Bohemian Massif ◽  
Fluvial Sediments ◽  
Relative Height ◽  
Late Cenozoic ◽  
Fluvial Terraces ◽  
River Terraces ◽  
Uplift Rates ◽  
History Of ◽  
River Valleys ◽  
Geomorphological Analysis

Fluvial sediments in the Vltava, Berounka, Sázava and Labe valleys are preserved as extensive river terrace sequences. These accumulation terraces originated from an interaction of climate-morphogenetic and neotectonic processes in the late Cenozoic. The palaeogeographical history of the central part of the Bohemian Massif is described. Geomorphological analysis of late Cenozoic fluvial sediments preserved in the Bohemian Massif confirm that in total 7 main terrace accumulations with several secondary levels can be differentiated. A chronostratigraphical scheme of erosion and accumulation periods and their relations to variable uplift rates in the late Cenozoic is suggested. The relative height of the oldest fluvial terraces above the present-day bottoms of river valleys is more than 100 m which indicates the approximate depth of erosion in the Quaternary.

scholarly journals Climate evolution during the Pleniglacial and Late Glacial as recorded in quartz grain morphoscopy of fluvial to aeolian successions of the European Sand Belt

Geologos ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Woronko ◽  
Paweł Zieliński ◽  
Robert Jan Sokołowski
Keyword(s):  
Late Glacial ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Alluvial Fans ◽  
Fluvial Sediments ◽  
Aeolian Processes ◽  
River Terraces ◽  
Climate Evolution ◽  
Quartz Grains ◽  
The Last Glacial

Abstract We present results of research into fluvial to aeolian successions at four sites in the foreland of the Last Glacial Maximum, i.e., the central part of the “European Sand Belt”. These sites include dune fields on higher-lying river terraces and alluvial fans. Sediments were subjected to detailed lithofacies analyses and sampling for morphoscopic assessment of quartz grains. Based on these results, three units were identified in the sedimentary succession: fluvial, fluvio-aeolian and aeolian. Material with traces of aeolian origin predominate in these sediments and this enabled conclusions on the activity of aeolian processes during the Pleniglacial and Late Glacial, and the source of sediment supply to be drawn. Aeolian processes played a major role in the deposition of the lower portions of the fluvial and fluvio-aeolian units. Aeolian material in the fluvial unit stems from aeolian accumulation of fluvial sediments within the valley as well as particles transported by wind from beyond the valley. The fluvio-aeolian unit is composed mainly of fluvial sediments that were subject to multiple redeposition, and long-term, intensive processing in an aeolian environment. In spite of the asynchronous onset of deposition of the fluvio-aeolian unit, it is characterised by the greatest homogeneity of structural and textural characteristics. Although the aeolian unit was laid down simultaneously, it is typified by the widest range of variation in quartz morphoscopic traits. It reflects local factors, mainly the origin of the source material, rather than climate. The duration of dune-formation processes was too short to be reflected in the morphoscopy of quartz grains.

scholarly journals OSL-SAR dating of sediments from Brazilian aeolian system: Dama Branca, Rio de Janeiro, morphodynamic study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2A) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Sátiro Do Carmo
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Coastal Dune ◽  
Optically Stimulated Luminescence ◽  
Relative Sea Level ◽  
Dune Field ◽  
Wind Action ◽  
Aeolian Systems ◽  
The Town

It has been reported that the formation and stabilization of coastal dune fields in Brazil have a dependence on the climatic changes, Relative Sea Level (RSL) variations, etc. In this work, a dune field known as “Dama Branca”, located in the town of Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro, has been studied to understand its mobility, formation and stabilization. Dating by trapped charge dating techniques as Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) using the Single Aliquot Regenerative protocol (SAR), helps us to understand the formation and dynamics of aeolian systems in Brazil. Samples from two positions; DB and 2DB, were collected from different heights and points for dating. The results obtained by OSL-SAR showed that ages decrease as the height from the dune base increase and older samples are found in deeper horizontal positions. The ages from the base of the studied dunes indicated that its stabilization occurred during the recess of the sea level and that erosion caused by the wind action is revealing an old generation of this dune filed.

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