Dissolution collapse of a growing diapir from radial, concentric, and salt-withdrawal faults overprinting in the Salinas de Oro salt diapir, northern Spain

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-346
Author(s):  
Jesús Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Pattern ◽  
Salt Diapir ◽  
Normal Faults ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Concentric Ring ◽  
Quaternary Deposits ◽  
Ring Fracture ◽  
Active Salt ◽  
Roof Strata ◽  
Salt Flow

AbstractA geomorphic investigation of the Salinas de Oro salt diapir in the Pyrenees reveals that the ring fracture pattern related to the karstic collapse of the diapir crest may vary significantly depending on the rates of dissolution and salt flow, and the rheology of the overburden. The salt diapir has well-developed concentric faults related to salt dissolution subsidence throughout the Quaternary. Roof strata accommodate subsidence by a combination of downward sagging and brittle collapse leading to the development of a ring monocline that is broken by 5 to 20 m throw conjugated normal faults and a 40 m throw, 9.5-km-long and 200-m-wide keystone graben. The salt diapir top has >100-m-long sinkholes that coalesce to form hollows >70 m deep. Up to 3-km-long radial grabens with a 70 to 90 m vertical throw overprint concentric-ring faulting and displace Quaternary deposits demonstrating active salt flow and diapir rise. Radial faults are linked with salt-withdrawal faults of the Andia Fault Zone (AFZ). Salt flow from the AFZ into the Salinas de Oro salt diapir causes brittle gravitational extension of limestone strata leading to a sequence of grabens and Quaternary faults >10 km long and several hundred meters deep.

Development of banded terrain in an active salt diapir: potential analog to Mars

Geomorphology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107824
Author(s):  
Amos Frumkin ◽  
Shachak Pe’eri ◽  
Israel Zak
Keyword(s):  
Salt Diapir ◽  
Active Salt

The quaternary deposits of central Leicestershire

1968 ◽  
Vol 262 (1131) ◽  
pp. 459-509 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Expression ◽  
Normal Faults ◽  
Quaternary Deposits ◽  
River Terraces ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Local Equivalent ◽  
Sand And Gravel ◽  
Weichselian Glaciation ◽  
Eemian Interglacial ◽  
North Western

A programme of mapping and augering has shown the glacial drifts of central Leicestershire to consist of a basal sand and gravel overlain by a complex succession of tills and interbedded waterlaid sediments. The tills display a transition from materials of predominantly north-western derivation to those of north-eastern derivation. Arguments are adduced by which the succession is correlated with that described by Shotton in Warwickshire, and it is concluded that the vast majority of the drifts belong to the Saalian glaciation. A widespread but discontinuous horizon of sand and gravel is believed to denote a temporary melt phase in the middle of the glaciation, while more limited beds of stoneless silt and clay betoken still-water sedimentation which, south of Leicester, is regarded as the local equivalent of the lacustrine Wolston clay of Warwickshire. Although the bedrock surface over most of central Leicestershire has a form consistent with an origin by normal stream erosion, there remain a number of areas where it is difficult to sustain such an interpretation. At Narborough excavations and augering have revealed virtually the full drift succession cut by a series of normal faults traceable over a distance of at least a mile. Near these faults there is evidence of an enclosed depression scored into bedrock and filled with water-laid drift. Although subsequent to the deposition of the drift, the faults have no surface expression at the present time, the structures being truncated by an early post-glacial erosion surface. Later phases in the post-glacial evolution of the Soar and Wreak valleys are associated with a suite of river terraces which, from their included fauna, span the period of the Eemian interglacial and the Weichselian glaciation.

Discrete element modeling of the faulting in the sedimentary cover above an active salt diapir

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 989-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongwei Yin ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Lingsen Meng ◽  
Yuping Liu ◽  
Shijing Xu
Keyword(s):  
Sedimentary Cover ◽  
Discrete Element ◽  
Salt Diapir ◽  
Discrete Element Modeling ◽  
Element Modeling ◽  
Active Salt

Sedimentary and structural record of the Albian growth of the Bakio salt diapir (the Basque Country, northern Spain)

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 746-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Poprawski ◽  
C. Basile ◽  
L. M. Agirrezabala ◽  
E. Jaillard ◽  
M. Gaudin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basque Country ◽  
Salt Diapir ◽  
Northern Spain

scholarly journals Geology of the Femern Bælt area between Denmark and Germany

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 13-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Sheldon ◽  
Peter Gravesen ◽  
Henrik Nøhr-Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Salt Diapir ◽  
Borehole Data ◽  
Quaternary Deposits ◽  
Sediment Distribution ◽  
Geotechnical Investigations ◽  
Geophysical Surveys ◽  
Deep Boreholes ◽  
Upper Maastrichtian

Geological and geotechnical investigations in the Femern Bælt area were undertaken from 1995 to 2010 (Rambøll Arup JV 2011) in preparation for the fixed link between Lolland in Denmark and Fehmarn in Germany. As a result, new data have been acquired on the stratigraphy and distribution of the deposits and the major structures and tectonic influence on the layers close to the surface. Previous investigations of Cretaceous–Palaeogene deposits on southern Lolland (Fig. 1) were limited due to lack of outcrops and borehole data. Two deep boreholes and geophysical surveys (1952– 1953) revealed: (1) the presence of a salt diapir at Rødbyhavn, (2) upper Maastrichtian chalk 29–143 m below Quaternary deposits and (3) an erosional window in the Palaeogene cover. Boreholes to the east of Rødbyhavn (1992–1994) revealed the sediment distribution on southern Lolland and showed that Cretaceous and Palaeogene deposits are cut by several NW–SE-orientated faults. This paper presents a summary of lithostratigraphic and biostratigraphic investigations and a brief description of the geological development in the area.

Sand remobilization and injection above an active salt diapir: the Tyr sand of the Nini Field, Eastern North Sea

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 548-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Byskov Svendsen ◽  
Henrik Juhl Hansen ◽  
Thomas Staermose ◽  
Michael Kragh Engkilde
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Salt Diapir ◽  
Active Salt

Tectonic evolution of shallow water carbonates: the Lastoni di Formin platform (Dolomites - Italy)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Inama ◽  
Niccolò Menegoni ◽  
Cesare Perotti
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide Sequestration ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Fracture Pattern ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Hydrocarbon Exploration ◽  
Reservoir Modeling ◽  
Normal Faults ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Porosity And Permeability ◽  
Seismic Scale

<p>Carbonate rocks are among the most important targets for hydrocarbon exploration, and are considered of particular interest also for gas storage and carbon dioxide sequestration. The development of complex fracture networks in carbonates have a significant influence in fluid circulation, enhancing porosity and permeability and, therefore, modifying their storage capacity. The middle-Triassic Lastoni di Formin platform (Italian Dolomites) was studied by combining field measurements and photogrammetric techniques. The reconstruction of the Digital Model of the buildup allowed the analysis at the outcrop scale with a resolution of 5-10 cm, and gave the opportunity to focus on the behavior of sub-seismic (<10 m) structural elements. Even though their influence on the reservoir quality has been documented, heterogeneities of this order of dimensions are considered as part of the matrix properties in reservoir modeling: outcrop analogues represents a very good source of data that can help to fill this resolution gap. Many generations of fractures and faults can be distinguished at seismic and sub-seismic scale in the present-day fracture pattern of Lastoni di Formin, that is the result of different successive deformational events. In particular, the outcrop records the presence of two different tectonic phases: an E-W extension (Jurassic), that generate N-S trending joints and normal faults, and the Alpine compression (Neogene), that forms conjugate strike slip faults and flower structures. Moreover, an early fracturing gravitational event can be observed: is represented by opening-mode fractures and extensional faults sub-orthogonal to the direction of progradation of the buildup. The presence of platform-derived materials (oncoids) in the fracture fills allows to time-constrain the genesis of these fractures shortly after the deposition. Bed-perpendicular diffuse fractures, which are often strata-bound or terminate on bed-parallel stilolythes, were also detected. Both the margin-parallel early fractures and the Jurassic structures underwent strike-slip reactivations during the Alpine orogeny, which indicates a N-S to NNW-SSE shortening. Evidence of these movements can be inferred from riedel structures, en-chelon arrays, splays and fault jogs that can be observed at different scale. Reactivation of early structures can indicate that they influenced the distribution of subsequent faults and fractures affecting the platform.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Modeling the interaction between presalt seamounts and gravitational failure in salt-bearing passive margins: The Messinian case in the northwestern Mediterranean Basin

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. SD99-SD117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oriol Ferrer ◽  
Oscar Gratacós ◽  
Eduard Roca ◽  
Josep Anton Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Middle Miocene ◽  
Geometric Constraints ◽  
Normal Faults ◽  
Passive Margins ◽  
Kinematic Evolution ◽  
Deformation Regime ◽  
Intermediate Unit ◽  
Layer Flow ◽  
Salt Flow

The northwest Mediterranean Basin includes a thick Messinian salt sequence composed of three evaporitic units. From these, the intermediate unit, which is dominantly composed of halite, acted as a gravitational detachment favoring the downslope failure of the overlying sediments in a thin-skinned deformation regime. As a result, the structure of the margin is characterized by an upper extensional domain with basinward-dipping listric normal faults and a lower contractional domain that accommodates upslope extension by folding, salt inflation, or diapir squeezing. Lower to middle Miocene volcanic seamounts (presalt reliefs) located at the upper extensional domain locally disrupted the evaporitic units and produced salt flow perturbations. They acted as passive buttresses during the gravitational failure modifying the structural zonation of the margin. Using an experimental approach (sandbox models), we analyze the role played by seamounts during the kinematic evolution of passive margins and how they alter salt flow and suprasalt deformation during gravitational gliding. The experiments found that the seamounts locally interrupt the structural zonation of the margin because they hindered downdip salt flow during early deformation. Seamounts initially compartmentalize the margin architecture, resulting in the development of two gravitational subsystems with two extensional/contractional pairs that are subsequently reconnected when the accumulation of salt analog upslope of the relief is enough to overthrust it. From this point onward, the cover is passively translated downslope as a regional system. The changes in the viscous layer flow velocity related to the dip differences between the flanks and edges of the seamount determine the kinematic evolution of this system. Our experiments also provide geometric constraints to consider during interpretation of these structures, which are commonly poorly imaged in seismic data.

Diapiric deformations in the Quaternary deposits of the central Ebro Basin, Spain

1986 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Simón ◽  
A. Soriano
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Stress ◽  
Plastic Flow ◽  
Plastic Material ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Normal Faults ◽  
Ebro Basin ◽  
Quaternary Deposits ◽  
Horizontal Compressive Stress ◽  
Tension Cracks ◽  
Fluvial Sedimentation

AbstractFrom a study of 24 outcrops in Neogene and Quaternary deposits of the central Ebro Basin, a number of diapiric deformations have been recognized, two principal types being differentiated: domal or pillow structures, and piercement or intrusive structures. The former are incipient diapirs of gypsum. Piercing structures have reverse faulted contacts not caused by halokinesis; here Neogene marls are the active plastic material, contrasting with the competent behaviour of gypsum. These intrusive structures are viscous diapirs which easily pierce the non-consolidated, low strength Quaternary gravel overburden and submit it to a horizontal compressive stress. As a consequence, reverse faults and flexures develop in it. Generally normal faults and tension cracks do not appear. Underlying gypsum beds are frequently pulled up into diapirs and they constitute the structural core.Density contrast and conditions for plastic flow exist at the marl–gravel boundary. It seems to have been specially common at the time of Quaternary fluvial sedimentation, so that much deformation is synsedimentary. Diapiric phenomena have been very active during early to middle Pleistocene time, becoming weaker afterwards.

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